公开(公告)号：US07012937B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-14

申请号：US09768728

申请日：2001-01-24

申请人： Bassel Beidas ,  Olga Ritterbush ,  Stanley Kay ,  Yezdi Antia ,  Bala Subramaniam

发明人： Bassel Beidas ,  Olga Ritterbush ,  Stanley Kay ,  Yezdi Antia ,  Bala Subramaniam

IPC分类号： H04J3/06

CPC分类号： H04J3/0611 ,  H04B7/2125 ,  H04J3/0605 ,  H04L7/0004 ,  H04L7/043 ,  H04L7/10

摘要： A method and system for tracking a time division multiplexed synchronization signal in a satellite communication system is provided. The signal is provided as a series of frames with beacon signals time division multiplexed into at least one time slot of each frame. The beacon signal in each frame comprises a unique word sequence, which is the same in each frame, and a portion of a PN sequence. The entire PN sequence is distributed into a plurality of frames forming a superframe. Frequency variations of the incoming signal are tracked at the satellite terminal by correlating the PN sequence of the incoming signal against early and late locally generated versions of the PN sequence in a discriminate circuit. The output of the discriminate is provided to a delay locked loop circuit of at least third order. The output of the loop is used to adjust the frequency of the VCO, which clocks the A/D converter operating on the incoming signal. The product of the PN sequence of the incoming signal and an on-time locally generated version of the PN sequence is provided to an FFT circuit. The satellite terminal determines if it is locked onto the incoming signal based on the output of the FFT. If the satellite terminal is not locked, the terminal returns to an acquisition mode.

公开(公告)号：US06836515B1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

申请号：US09360209

申请日：1999-07-23

申请人： Stanley E. Kay ,  John E. Corrigan, III ,  Bala Subramaniam ,  Harry M. Johnson ,  Donald S. Arnstein

发明人： Stanley E. Kay ,  John E. Corrigan, III ,  Bala Subramaniam ,  Harry M. Johnson ,  Donald S. Arnstein

IPC分类号： H04L2700

CPC分类号： H04L27/0008 ,  H04B1/406 ,  H04B7/2656 ,  H04J2203/0035 ,  H04J2203/0089 ,  H04L12/5601 ,  H04L12/6418 ,  H04L49/455 ,  H04L49/90 ,  H04L49/9094 ,  H04L2012/5607 ,  H04L2012/5613 ,  H04L2012/5654 ,  H04L2012/5663 ,  H04L2012/5665 ,  H04L2012/5672 ,  H04L2012/5675 ,  H04Q11/0478 ,  H04W88/02

摘要： A radio, and related methods of radio communication, consisting of a multi-modulation modem, wherein the multi-modulation modem that modulates and demodulates signals using a plurality of modulations. The radio also comprises a frequency converter coupled to the multi-modulation modem for converting the signals to a radio frequency and a transceiver unit including an antenna coupled to the frequency converter for transmitting the signals over a radio communications link. The multi-modulation modem includes a modulator that includes a modulation selector unit that selects respective ones of the plurality of modulations to modulate the signals. The multi-modulation modem also includes a demodulator for demodulating the signals having been modulated using the plurality of modulations.

摘要翻译： 一种由多调制调制解调器组成的无线电通信的无线电和相关方法，其中所述多调制调制解调器使用多个调制来调制和解调信号。 无线电还包括耦合到多调制调制解调器的频率转换器，用于将信号转换成无线电频率，收发机单元包括耦合到频率转换器的天线，用于通过无线电通信链路传输信号。 多调制调制解调器包括调制器，其包括调制选择器单元，其选择多个调制中的相应调制来调制信号。 多调制调制解调器还包括用于解调已经使用多个调制调制的信号的解调器。

公开(公告)号：US06740785B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-25

申请号：US10205863

申请日：2002-07-26

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Daryle H. Busch ,  Ghezai T. Musie ,  Ming Wei

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Daryle H. Busch ,  Ghezai T. Musie ,  Ming Wei

IPC分类号： C07C3700

CPC分类号： C07D303/04 ,  C07B41/00 ,  C07C27/12 ,  C07C29/50 ,  C07C45/34 ,  C07C46/08 ,  C07C2601/14 ,  C07C2601/16 ,  C07D301/06 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  C07C49/713 ,  C07C49/603 ,  C07C35/14 ,  C07C35/18

摘要： Improved oxidation methods are provided wherein a reaction mixture comprising a substrate to be oxidized (e.g., phenols, alkenes) and an oxidation catalyst (typically dispersed in an organic solvent system) is supplemented with a compressed gas which expands the reaction mixture, thus accelerating the oxidation reaction. In preferred practice pressurized subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the expanding gas, which is introduced into the reaction mixture together with an oxidizing agent. The inventive methods improve the substrate conversion and product selectivity by increasing the solubility of the oxidizing agent in the reaction mixture.

摘要翻译： 提供了改进的氧化方法，其中包含待氧化的基质（例如酚，烯烃）和氧化催化剂（通常分散在有机溶剂体系中）的反应混合物补充有膨胀反应混合物的压缩气体，从而加速 氧化反应。 在优选的实践中，使用加压亚临界或超临界二氧化碳作为膨胀气体，其与氧化剂一起引入反应混合物。 本发明的方法通过增加氧化剂在反应混合物中的溶解度来改善底物转化率和产物选择性。

公开(公告)号：US5725756A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-10

申请号：US424872

申请日：1995-04-18

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim

IPC分类号： B01J3/00 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/22 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C10G9/16

CPC分类号： C07C6/12 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/2206 ,  C07C5/226 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2523/42 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S585/95

摘要： A method to minimize catalyst deactivation rate and coke laydown, and maximize desired reaction rate in processing of industrially significant reactions under supercritical conditions to generate a reaction mixture stream including formed reaction products and reactants, said contacting at a desired catalyst temperature of about 1-1.2 critical temperature of the resulting reaction mixture and at a pressure between the critical pressure of the reaction mixture and a pressure necessary to establish said reaction mixture fluid density of greater than 0.65 gm/cc.

摘要翻译： 一种使催化剂失活速率和焦炭沉积最小化的方法，并且在超临界条件下加工工业上显着反应的期望反应速率最大化以产生包含形成的反应产物和反应物的反应混合物流，所述反应混合物流在所需的催化剂温度下为约1-1.2 所得反应混合物的临界温度和反应混合物的临界压力和建立所述反应混合物所需的压力之间的压力流体密度大于0.65gm / cc。

公开(公告)号：US5710356A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-20

申请号：US343218

申请日：1994-11-22

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Jon D. Snyder

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Jon D. Snyder

IPC分类号： B01J8/02 ,  C07C5/333 ,  C07C5/32

CPC分类号： B01J8/0285 ,  C07C5/333 ,  B01J2208/00061 ,  B01J2208/00088 ,  B01J2208/00097 ,  B01J2208/00398 ,  B01J2208/00548 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  Y10S585/91

摘要： A novel, packed-bed, reverse flow reactor is provided for the endothermic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. The catalyst bed is flanked by inert end sections to prevent the occurrence of the reverse reaction. Ethylbenzene vapor is added at one end of the reactor while superheated steam is added concurrently at a downstream location. The flow direction is periodically reversed by alternating the ethylbenzene introduction between the reactor ends and the steam introduction between axially symmetric locations away from the reactor ends. Employing a steam to ethylbenzene feed ratio of 8:1 to 10.2:1 (as compared to 12:1 to 17:1 employed during conventional adiabatic operation), it is shown that the proposed reverse flow operation produces reactor temperatures that are hundreds of degrees higher than the mixing cup temperature of the feed streams. While catalyst temperatures are at a maximum when the steam is introduced midway between the reactor ends, splitting the steam addition among multiple axially symmetric locations produces lower and more uniform temperatures that are better suited to providing optimum ethylbenzene conversion and styrene selectivity while maintaining efficient utilization of the added energy.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种新型的填充床逆流反应器，用于乙苯对苯乙烯的吸热脱氢。 催化剂床侧面是惰性末端部分，以防止发生反向反应。 在反应器的一端加入乙苯蒸气，同时在下游位置加入过热蒸汽。 通过交替反应器端之间的乙苯引入和远离反应器端的轴对称位置之间的蒸汽引入来周期性地逆转流动方向。 使用蒸汽与乙苯的进料比为8:1至10.2:1（与常规绝热操作期间的12:1至17:1相比），显示所提出的反向流动操作产生几百度的反应器温度 高于进料流的混合杯温度。 当蒸汽在反应器端部之间的中间引入催化剂温度时，催化剂温度处于最大值，在多个轴向对称位置之间分离蒸汽添加物产生较低和更均匀的温度，其更适合于提供最佳乙苯转化率和苯乙烯选择性，同时保持有效利用 增加的能量。