公开(公告)号：US5874029A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-23

申请号：US723463

申请日：1996-10-09

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  Valentino Stella

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  Valentino Stella

IPC分类号： A61K9/16 ,  A61K9/50 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B05D1/02 ,  B29B9/00

CPC分类号： B05D1/025 ,  A61K9/1676 ,  A61K9/1688 ,  B01J2/04 ,  A61K9/1694 ,  A61K9/5089 ,  B05D2401/90 ,  Y10S977/773

摘要： A method and an apparatus useful for the production of microparticles and nanoparticles are disclosed in which a compressed fluid and a solution including a solvent and a solute are introduced into a nozzle to produce a mixture. The mixture is then passed out of the nozzle to produce a spray of atomized droplets. The atomized droplets are contacted with a supercritical antisolvent to cause depletion of the solvent in the droplets so that particles are produced from the solute. Preferably, these particles have an average diameter of 0.6 .mu.m or less. The invention can be used in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, electronics, catalyst, polymer, pesticide, explosives, and coating industries, all of which have a need for small-diameter particles.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于生产微粒和纳米颗粒的方法和装置，其中将压缩流体和包含溶剂和溶质的溶液引入喷嘴中以产生混合物。 然后将混合物从喷嘴中排出以产生雾化液滴的喷雾。 雾化的液滴与超临界反溶剂接触以引起液滴中溶剂的消耗，使得从溶质中产生颗粒。 优选地，这些颗粒的平均直径为0.6μm以下。 本发明可用于制药，食品，化工，电子，催化剂，聚合物，农药，爆炸物和涂料工业，所有这些都需要小直径颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US5725756A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-10

申请号：US424872

申请日：1995-04-18

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim

IPC分类号： B01J3/00 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/22 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C10G9/16

CPC分类号： C07C6/12 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/2206 ,  C07C5/226 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2523/42 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S585/95

摘要： A method to minimize catalyst deactivation rate and coke laydown, and maximize desired reaction rate in processing of industrially significant reactions under supercritical conditions to generate a reaction mixture stream including formed reaction products and reactants, said contacting at a desired catalyst temperature of about 1-1.2 critical temperature of the resulting reaction mixture and at a pressure between the critical pressure of the reaction mixture and a pressure necessary to establish said reaction mixture fluid density of greater than 0.65 gm/cc.

摘要翻译： 一种使催化剂失活速率和焦炭沉积最小化的方法，并且在超临界条件下加工工业上显着反应的期望反应速率最大化以产生包含形成的反应产物和反应物的反应混合物流，所述反应混合物流在所需的催化剂温度下为约1-1.2 所得反应混合物的临界温度和反应混合物的临界压力和建立所述反应混合物所需的压力之间的压力流体密度大于0.65gm / cc。

公开(公告)号：US5833891A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-10

申请号：US805215

申请日：1997-02-27

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  Valentino Stella

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  Valentino Stella

IPC分类号： A61K9/16 ,  A61K9/50 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B05D1/02 ,  B01D11/00

CPC分类号： A61K9/1676 ,  A61K9/1688 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B05D1/025 ,  A61K9/1694 ,  A61K9/5089 ,  B05D2401/90

摘要： Improved methods and apparatus for particle precipitation and coating using near- or supercritical fluid conditions are described. A fluid dispersion having a continuous phase dispersant and at least one precipitatable substance therein is contacted with a supercritical fluid (SCF) antisolvent so as to generate focused high frequency antisolvent sonic waves, breaking up the dispersion into extremely small droplets; the enhanced mass transfer rates between the droplets and the antisolvent causes precipitation of very small particles on the order of 0.1-10 .mu.m. In coating processes, a turbulent fluidized flow of core particles is created using an SCF antisolvent in an enclosed zone. The core particles are contacted therein at near- or supercritical conditions by a fluid dispersion containing a dispersant together with a precipitatable substance. The antisolvent depletes the dispersant and the substance is precipitated onto the fluidized core particles. In another aspect of the invention, a process for preparing and administering a medicament using only a single container is provided. In such method, a fluid dispersion having a dispersant with the medicament therein is contacted with an antisolvent at near- or supercritical conditions within a use container, so as to directly precipitate small particles of the medicament in the container. The antisolvent is then removed and the use container is sealed with the medicament particles therein. Thereafter, dose(s) of the medicament can be withdrawn from the use container and administered to a patient.

摘要翻译： 描述了使用近或超临界流体条件改进颗粒沉淀和涂层的方法和装置。 具有连续相分散剂和至少一种可沉淀物质的流体分散体与超临界流体（SCF）反溶剂接触，以产生聚焦的高频反溶剂声波，将分散体分解成极小的液滴; 液滴和抗溶剂之间的增强的传质速率导致非常小的颗粒的沉淀约0.1-10μm。 在涂覆过程中，使用封闭区域中的SCF反溶剂产生核心颗粒的湍流流化流。 核心颗粒在近或超临界条件下通过含有分散剂和可沉淀物质的流体分散体接触。 反溶剂消耗分散剂，物质沉淀在流化核心颗粒上。 在本发明的另一方面，提供了仅使用单一容器制备和施用药物的方法。 在这种方法中，将具有药物的分散剂的流体分散体与使用容器内的近临界或超临界条件下的反溶剂接触，从而将药物的小颗粒直接沉淀在容器中。 然后将抗溶剂除去，并将使用容器用其中的药物颗粒密封。 此后，药物的剂量可以从使用容器中取出并给予患者。

公开(公告)号：US5690809A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US634293

申请日：1996-04-18

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Michael C. Clark

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Michael C. Clark

IPC分类号： B01J3/00 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/22 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C10G9/16

CPC分类号： B01J3/008 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/2206 ,  C07C5/226 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2523/42 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S585/95

摘要： An improved process is provided for in situ mitigation of coke buildup and porous catalyst used for the processing of hydrocarbon feed stocks. The process exhibits improved catalyst activity over extended periods and the process comprises the pretreatment of hydrocarbon feed stocks to reduce impurities in the feed stocks in the form of peroxides and oxygen compounds that promote the formation of coke precursors, which precursors are typically in the form of olefinic oligomers. The process includes contacting the pretreated feed stream with a suitable catalyst under sub-critical, near-critical and supercritical conditions.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种改进的方法，用于原位缓解用于加氢烃原料的焦炭积聚和多孔催化剂。 该方法在长时间内表现出改善的催化剂活性，并且该方法包括预处理烃原料以减少促进焦炭前体形成的过氧化物和氧化合物形式的原料中的杂质，该前体通常为 烯属低聚物。 该方法包括在亚临界，接近临界和超临界条件下使预处理的进料流与合适的催化剂接触。

公开(公告)号：US10819469B2

公开(公告)日：2020-10-27

申请号：US16577624

申请日：2019-09-20

申请人： Sri Bhat ,  Bala Subramaniam ,  Yanlai Liu

发明人： Sri Bhat ,  Bala Subramaniam ,  Yanlai Liu

IPC分类号： H04L1/00 ,  G06F12/06 ,  G11C7/10 ,  G11C7/18 ,  H03M13/27 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H04L27/20 ,  H03M13/29

摘要： A deinterleaver device, a method for deinterleaving, an interleaver device, and a method for interleaving are disclosed. The method for deinterleaving includes: providing a memory and a stream count for a frame; virtually dividing the memory into equal sections, wherein a section count equals the stream count; calculating a write address for a sample of the samples based on a location of the sample in the frame and a correspondence of the location to one of the sections; receiving the sample; and writing the received sample to the write address, wherein the calculating and the write address corresponds to a correct deinterleaving location in one of the sections for the sample.

公开(公告)号：US10193657B2

公开(公告)日：2019-01-29

申请号：US15392103

申请日：2016-12-28

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Alexei Duhovich

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Alexei Duhovich

IPC分类号： H04L1/00 ,  H04L12/26 ,  H04L1/20 ,  H03M13/35

摘要： A system and method for filtering code blocks to maintain high throughput thru a Forward Error Correcting (FEC) decoder is disclosed. The method includes: monitoring a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for an incoming link; selecting a rank table including a rank, Modulation and Coding Rate (MODCOD), and a minimum SNR; determining a threshold MODCOD range from the rank table based on the SNR; demodulating an incoming frame; identifying, in the incoming frame, the code blocks and an associated MODCOD for each of the code blocks; selecting a code block from the code blocks when the respective MODCOD for the code block is in the rank table and within the threshold MODCOD range; and decoding the selected code block with the associated MODCOD.

公开(公告)号：US09238608B2

公开(公告)日：2016-01-19

申请号：US13258159

申请日：2010-03-23

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Daryle H. Busch ,  Fenghul Niu

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Daryle H. Busch ,  Fenghul Niu

IPC分类号： C07C51/265 ,  C07C51/255 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J10/00

CPC分类号： C07C51/255 ,  B01J4/002 ,  B01J10/007 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  C07C51/265 ,  C07C63/00

摘要： Oxidation process can include: introducing small droplets of liquid reaction mixture having oxidizable reactant, catalyst, and solvent into a reaction zone containing oxygen and diluent gas; and oxidizing the reactant with the oxygen at a suitable reaction temperature and a suitable reaction pressure to produce an oxidized product. The liquid reaction mixture can have an aromatic feedstock having an oxidizable substituent as the oxidizable reactant. The oxidized product can include an aromatic compound having at least one carboxylic acid. For example, the aromatic feedstock can include a benzene ring having at least one oxidizable alkyl substituent, furan hetero-ring having at least one oxidizable alkyl substituent, a naphthalene poly-ring having at least one oxidizable alkyl substituent, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 氧化过程可以包括：将具有可氧化反应物，催化剂和溶剂的小液滴的液体反应混合物引入含有氧气和稀释气体的反应区; 并在合适的反应温度和合适的反应压力下用氧氧化反应物以产生氧化产物。 液体反应混合物可具有具有可氧化取代基的芳族原料作为可氧化反应物。 氧化产物可以包括具有至少一个羧酸的芳族化合物。 例如，芳族原料可以包括具有至少一个可氧化烷基取代基的苯环，具有至少一个可氧化烷基取代基的呋喃异环，具有至少一个可氧化烷基取代基的萘多环，其衍生物及其混合物 。

公开(公告)号：US20140343305A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-20

申请号：US14239822

申请日：2012-08-28

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Xiaobin Zuo ,  Daryle H. Busch ,  Padmesh Venkitasubramaniam

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Xiaobin Zuo ,  Daryle H. Busch ,  Padmesh Venkitasubramaniam

IPC分类号： C07D307/68 ,  C07C51/245

CPC分类号： C07D307/68 ,  C07C51/245 ,  C07D307/46 ,  C07C55/10

摘要： A process is provided for carrying out an oxidation on a feed including levulinic acid and/or a levulinic acid oxidation precursor to succinic acid, one or more furanic oxidation precursors of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and a catalytically effective combination of cobalt, manganese, and bromide components for catalyzing the oxidation of the levulinic acid component and of the one or more furanic oxidation precursors to produce both succinic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid products, which process comprises supplying the feed to a reactor vessel, supplying an oxidant, reacting the levulinic acid component and the one or more furanic oxidation precursors with the oxidant to produce both succinic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and then recovering the succinic acid and FDCA products. A crude dehydration product from the dehydration of fructose, glucose or both, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, can be directly oxidized by the process to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and succinic acid.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法，用于在包含乙酰丙酸和/或乙酰丙酸氧化前体的进料上进行氧化，所述前体包含琥珀酸，一种或多种2,5-呋喃二羧酸的呋喃氧化前体和催化有效的钴，锰， 以及用于催化乙酰丙酸组分和一种或多种呋喃氧化前体的氧化以产生琥珀酸和2,5-呋喃二羧酸产物的溴化物组分，该方法包括将进料供应到反应器容器中，供应氧化剂， 使乙酰丙酸组分和一种或多种呋喃氧化前体与氧化剂反应以产生琥珀酸和2,5-呋喃二羧酸（FDCA），然后回收琥珀酸和FDCA产物。 由脱水果糖，葡萄糖或两者（包括5-羟甲基糠醛）的粗脱水产物可直接氧化，生成2,5-呋喃二羧酸和琥珀酸。

公开(公告)号：US08415511B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-09

申请号：US12796245

申请日：2010-06-08

申请人： Raghunath V. Chaudhari ,  Debdut S. Roy ,  Bala Subramaniam

发明人： Raghunath V. Chaudhari ,  Debdut S. Roy ,  Bala Subramaniam

IPC分类号： C07C29/60 ,  B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/46 ,  B01J31/02

CPC分类号： B01J23/462 ,  B01J21/04 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/6567 ,  B01J35/0006 ,  C07C29/60 ,  C07C31/205

摘要： A catalyst composition/system can include: a platinum catalyst metal (Pt) and/or rhenium catalyst metal (Re) on a first support; and a ruthenium catalyst metal (Ru) and/or rhenium catalyst metal (Re) on a second support or a platinum catalyst metal (Pt) and a ruthenium catalyst metal (Ru) and/or a rhenium catalyst metal (Re) on the same support. The Pt:Ru, Re:Pt and/or Re:Ru weight ratio can be between about 1:4 and about 4:1. The support can be alumina, carbon, silica, a zeolite, TiO2, ZrO2 or another suitable material. The first and second support can be on the same support structure or on different support structures. In one option, the first and second supports can be positioned such that the Pt and/or Re are capable of catalyzing a dehydrogenation and/or reforming reaction that produces hydrogen and the Ru and/or Re are capable of catalyzing a hydrogenolysis reaction.

摘要翻译： 催化剂组合物/体系可以包括：在第一载体上的铂催化剂金属（Pt）和/或铼催化剂金属（Re）; 以及在第二载体上的铂催化剂金属（Pt）和钌催化剂金属（Ru）和/或铼催化剂金属（Re）上的钌催化剂金属（Ru）和/或铼催化剂金属（Re） 支持。 Pt：Ru，Re：Pt和/或Re：Ru重量比可以在约1:4至约4:1之间。 载体可以是氧化铝，碳，二氧化硅，沸石，TiO 2，ZrO 2或其它合适的材料。 第一和第二支撑件可以在相同的支撑结构上或不同的支撑结构上。 在一个选择中，第一和第二载体可以被定位成使得Pt和/或Re能够催化产生氢的脱氢和/或重整反应，并且Ru和/或Re能够催化氢解反应。

公开(公告)号：US08268048B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-18

申请号：US12578907

申请日：2009-10-14

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Andrew S. Borovik ,  Chad A. Johnson

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Andrew S. Borovik ,  Chad A. Johnson

IPC分类号： B01D53/04

CPC分类号： B01D53/02 ,  B01D2253/20 ,  B01D2257/104 ,  B01D2259/40 ,  B01D2259/40086 ,  B01D2259/40088 ,  B01J20/223 ,  B01J20/28007 ,  B01J20/3295 ,  B82Y30/00

摘要： Solid nanoparticulate transition metal complexes of Co(II) salen exhibit reversible oxygen absorption in a near stoichiometric manner. In contrast, no measurable oxygen binding was observed with unprocessed Co(II) salen.

摘要翻译： Co（II）salen的固体纳米颗粒过渡金属络合物以近化学计量的方式表现出可逆的氧吸收。 相比之下，未处理的Co（II）salen没有观察到可测量的氧结合。