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51.发明授权Compaction and pavement design testing machine and method for testing flexible pavement materials 失效压实和路面设计试验机和挠性路面材料试验方法
公开(公告)号：US5911164A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-08
申请号：US021373
申请日：1998-02-10
申请人： John L. McRae
发明人： John L. McRae
CPC分类号： G01N3/24 , G01N1/286 , G01N2203/0226 , G01N2203/0284
摘要： A combination kneader/compactor and plane-strain, simple shear testing apparatus for use in testing paving materials by subjecting them to anticipated design stress over a range of temperatures and various rates of shear. The sample is compacted to the ultimate in-place (equilibrium) density that occurs in the pavement structures. This apparatus and method pre-stresses the sample under the actual stress anticipated for the structure and use the anticipated theoretical vertical stress to fully compact the sample followed by a plane strain simple shear test to measure the dimensionally correct shear strength and moduli which are used to calculate the dimensionally correct design parameters. Pertinent variables are displayed on a computer screen during testing followed by print out of a graph and data sheets with relevant design data. Fundamental engineering (stress-strain) measurements including rational shear strength and static as wall as dynamic moduli are obtained which are suitable for use in design calculations in a rational engineering approach to flexible pavement design in lieu of conventional empirical correlations. The optimum bitumen or water content is precisely determined on the basis of the elasto-plastic property response under simulated traffic, independently of conventional empirical correlations with a percentage of voids and empirical shear indices. Precisely controlled cyclic shear deformation is introduced while the sample is subjected to the anticipated design vertical stress, this being analogous to what happens in the pavement beneath a moving vehicle tire. Thus this laboratory testing machine becomes an accelerated traffic simulator.
摘要翻译： 组合捏合机/压实机和平面应变，简单的剪切试验装置，用于通过在一定温度范围和各种剪切速率下对其进行预期的设计应力来测试铺路材料。 样品被压实成在路面结构中发生的最终就地（平衡）密度。 该装置和方法在实际应力预应力结构下预应力样品，并使用预期的理论垂直应力来完全压实样品，然后进行平面应变简单剪切试验，以测量尺寸正确的剪切强度和模量， 计算尺寸正确的设计参数。 在测试期间，相关变量显示在计算机屏幕上，然后打印出具有相关设计数据的图形和数据表。 获得包括合理的剪切强度和静态作为动态模量的基础工程（应力 - 应变）测量，适用于理想工程方法中的设计计算，以代替常规经验相关性的柔性路面设计。 基于模拟流量下的弹性塑性性能响应，精确确定最佳沥青或水含量，独立于常规经验相关性与空隙百分比和经验剪切指数。 引入精确控制的循环剪切变形，同时样品经受预期的设计垂直应力，这类似于在移动的车辆轮胎下面的路面中发生的情况。 因此，这个实验室测试机器成为一个加速的交通模拟器。
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52.发明授权Device and method for testing the shear response of a material in response to an applied force 失效用于测试材料响应所施加的力的剪切响应的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5712431A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-27
申请号：US640487
申请日：1996-05-01
申请人： Kent Vilendrer
发明人： Kent Vilendrer
IPC分类号： G01N3/24
CPC分类号： G01N3/24 , G01N2203/0222
摘要： A portable device for measuring the shear properties of compacted asphalt mixes under applied dynamic loading conditions. The device includes first and second material retaining members which form a material receiving pocket for containing the compacted asphalt mix. The first and second material retaining members are connected via flexure assemblies which allow movement of the first and second material retaining members only along the longitudinal axis of the compacted asphalt mix. A dynamic load is applied to the flexures, thereby creating a shear condition parallel to the longitudinal axis of the compacted mix. The temperature of the asphalt mix may be held constant by controlling the temperature within an environmental chamber through the use of a closed loop PID control system.The specimen is dynamically loaded by a dynamic loading frame consisting of a servo pneumatic actuator and load reaction structure. A microprocessor-based controller operates the dynamic loading frame under closed loop control. The microprocessor-based controller may be servo controlled, utilizing feedback from either a load transducer or either of two linear displacement transducers.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在施加的动态载荷条件下测量压实沥青混合料的剪切性能的便携式装置。 该装置包括第一和第二材料保持构件，其形成用于容纳压实的沥青混合料的材料容纳袋。 第一和第二材料保持构件通过挠曲组件连接，允许第一和第二材料保持构件仅沿着压实的沥青混合物的纵向轴线移动。 对挠曲件施加动态载荷，从而产生平行于压实混合物的纵向轴线的剪切条件。 通过使用闭环PID控制系统控制环境室内的温度，沥青混合料的温度可以保持恒定。 样品通过由伺服气动执行器和负载反应结构组成的动态加载框架动态加载。 基于微处理器的控制器在闭环控制下操作动态加载框架。 基于微处理器的控制器可以被伺服控制，利用来自负载传感器或两个线性位移传感器中的任何一个的反馈。
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公开(公告)号：US5698790A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US646141
申请日：1996-05-07
申请人： Asao Nishimura , Naotaka Tanaka , Isao Hirose
发明人： Asao Nishimura , Naotaka Tanaka , Isao Hirose
CPC分类号： G01N3/24 , G01N19/04 , G01N2203/0066 , G01N2203/0091
摘要： A method for measuring an adhesion strength of a resin material which is capable of accurately and readily measuring a universal adhesion strength independent of dimensions and shapes of specimen. A delamination portion is partially formed between a resin and an adherend material. Loads in two different directions are applied to an adhering interface such that opposed shear stresses are generated. As a result, a true adhering strength can be obtained from an apparent delamination propagating strength in each case.
摘要翻译： 用于测量树脂材料的粘合强度的方法，其能够准确且容易地测量与样品的尺寸和形状无关的通用粘合强度。 在树脂和被粘物之间部分形成分层部分。 将两个不同方向的载荷施加到粘附界面，从而产生相对的剪切应力。 结果，可以从每种情况下的明显的分层传播强度获得真正的粘附强度。
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公开(公告)号：US5255562A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-26
申请号：US957733
申请日：1992-10-07
CPC分类号： G01D1/02 , G01N3/24 , G01N2033/0003 , G01N2203/0051 , G01N2203/0082 , G01N2203/0208 , G01N2203/0286 , G01N2203/0676
摘要： Interfacial strength of a composite material between its fibers and matrix is measured by observing a sample material through a microscope, measuring the diameter of selected one of the fibers by moving indicators in the field of vision of the microscope, applying pressure on the selected fiber by means of an indentator and measuring both the displacement of the indentator and the load on the fiber, and thereby obtaining a curve between the indentator displacement and the square root of the load. The curve has a straight portion and the point at which the curve begins to deviate from the straight portion is determined. The load value corresponding to this point is used to calculate debonding and sliding interfacial shear strengths of the material according to given formulas.
摘要翻译： 通过在显微镜下观察样品材料来测量复合材料在其纤维和基质之间的界面强度，通过在显微镜的视野中移动指示器来测量所选择的一个纤维的直径，通过在所选择的纤维上施加压力 缩进器的装置并且测量压痕器和纤维上的负载的位移，从而获得压痕位移和负载的平方根之间的曲线。 曲线具有直线部分，并且确定曲线开始偏离直线部分的点。 根据给定公式，对应于该点的载荷值用于计算材料的脱粘和滑动界面剪切强度。
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公开(公告)号：US4825700A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-02
申请号：US207148
申请日：1988-06-15
CPC分类号： G01N3/24 , G01N3/08 , G01N2203/0085 , G01N2203/0254 , G01N2203/0268 , G01N2203/0284 , G01N33/24 , G01N33/38 , G01N33/42
摘要： A bi-axial compression test apparatus for geomaterial (soil, etc.) samples that is designed to allow free shear band formation and provide measurements of the stress displacement characteristics of the failure zone. A geomaterial sample formed into a specimen comprising a right rectangular prism is surrounded by a thin rubber membrane and is supported by walls along two parallel faces. An axial load is kinematically applied by a plate that is guided to prevent any tilt or eccentricity, while a bottom support plate for the specimen is horizontally guided by a linear bearing that is substantially friction free. All of the surfaces in contact with the specimen are glass lined and lubricated to minimize friction. The assembly of the specimen and its supports is placed in a conventional tri-axial cell in a loading frame so that an axial load can be applied to one end of the specimen and reacted against the bottom plate. Internal loaded load cells allow for accurate measurement of the axial force, and any eccentricities thereof, as well as friction along the side walls. Displacement transducers monitor the axial and lateral displacements of the specimen and the horizontal movement of the bottom plate, to permit analysis of the shear mode, and when to determine shear failure occurs.
摘要翻译： 用于地质材料（土壤等）样品的双向压缩试验装置，其被设计成允许自由剪切带形成并且提供破坏带的应力位移特性的测量。 形成为包括右矩形棱镜的样品的地质材料样品被薄橡胶膜包围，并且沿着两个平行的面被壁支撑。 通过被引导以防止任何倾斜或偏心的板运动地施加轴向载荷，而用于试样的底部支撑板由基本上无摩擦力的直线轴承水平引导。 与样品接触的所有表面均为玻璃衬里并进行润滑以最小化摩擦。 将样品及其支撑体的组件放置在装载框架中的常规三轴电池中，使得可以将轴向载荷施加到样品的一端并与底板反应。 内部负载传感器允许精确测量轴向力及其任何偏心率，以及沿着侧壁的摩擦力。 位移传感器监测样品的轴向和横向位移以及底板的水平运动，以便分析剪切模式，以及何时确定剪切破坏发生。
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公开(公告)号：US4773259A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-27
申请号：US60824
申请日：1987-06-12
申请人： Richard L. Handy
发明人： Richard L. Handy
摘要： A conventional borehole shear tester is modified by incorporating a volume-monitoring accessory in the non-pressurized chamber vent line. This accessory includes a fluid reservoir operatively connected to the non-pressurized chamber of the shear head unit. A change in the level of fluid in the reservoir indicates changes in the volume of the non-pressurized chamber, which in turn indicates a change in shear head diameter. By maintaining a constant fluid level in the reservoir, the volume of the non-pressurized chamber remains constant and the shear head diameter remains constant. Thus, with the shear head diameter fixed, the normal pressure exerted on the wall of the borehole varies as the soil dilates or consolidates. Accordingly, the modified borehole shear tester of the present invention simulates friction pile behavior.
摘要翻译： 常规的钻孔剪切试验机通过将体积监测附件装入非加压室排气管线来进行修改。 该附件包括可操作地连接到剪切头单元的非加压室的流体储存器。 储存器中的流体水平的变化表示非加压室的体积变化，这又表示剪切头直径的变化。 通过保持储存器中恒定的液位，非加压室的体积保持恒定，剪切头直径保持恒定。 因此，当剪切头直径固定时，施加在钻孔壁上的常压随土壤膨胀或固结而变化。 因此，本发明的改进的钻孔剪切试验机模拟摩擦桩行为。
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公开(公告)号：US4539851A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-10
申请号：US612708
申请日：1984-05-21
申请人： Alan J. Lutenegger
发明人： Alan J. Lutenegger
CPC分类号： G01N33/24 , G01N3/24 , G01N2203/0244
摘要： A device for determining the shear strength of rock and soil is disclosed. The device includes means for supporting the device within a borehole, a primary shaft, a plurality of shearing units slidably attached to the shaft having shear heads which are movable from a retracted position to a material-engaging expanded position, and a slip joint between adjacent shearing units such that the units operate independently from one another. The shearing units apply progressively greater normal forces on the material to be tested and sequentially shear the material being tested.In operation, the device is lowered into a borehole. Then the shearing units are moved from their retracted position to their expanded material-engaging position so as to apply progressively greater normal forces on the material to be tested. An axial force is then applied to the shaft so that the material engaged by the shearing unit closest to the anchor shears. After the material shears, the respective heads of the shearing unit are retracted and the axial force is transferred to the next adjacent shearing unit by means of the slip joint. After the material engaged by each of the shearing units is successively sheared, the shearing characteristics of the material may be determined from the known applied normal and shear forces.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定岩土剪力的装置。 该装置包括用于在钻孔内支撑装置的装置，主轴，可滑动地附接到轴上的多个剪切单元，其具有可从缩回位置移动到材料接合扩展位置的剪切头，以及在相邻 剪切单元，使得单元彼此独立地操作。 剪切单元对待测材料施加逐渐增大的法向力，并依次剪切被测材料。 在操作中，该装置被下降到钻孔中。 然后剪切单元从其缩回位置移动到其膨胀的材料接合位置，以便对待测试的材料上施加逐渐更大的法向力。 然后将轴向力施加到轴，使得由剪切单元接合的材料最接近锚剪。 在材料剪切之后，剪切单元的各个头部缩回，并且轴向力通过滑动接头传递到下一个相邻的剪切单元。 在由每个剪切单元接合的材料被连续地剪切后，材料的剪切特性可以从已知的施加的正常剪切力和剪切力确定。
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公开(公告)号：US4416158A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-22
申请号：US345531
申请日：1982-02-03
申请人： Tadashi Takimoto , Hirotsugu Oishibashi , Katsuyoshi Ueyama , Muneyuki Ohara , Mitsuo Nakamura , Takayoshi Amano
发明人： Tadashi Takimoto , Hirotsugu Oishibashi , Katsuyoshi Ueyama , Muneyuki Ohara , Mitsuo Nakamura , Takayoshi Amano
CPC分类号： G01N3/00 , G01N3/24 , G01N2203/0274
摘要： A punching-shearing method for inspecting the quality of a butt welded joint comprises pressure butt welding steel members under heat to form an annular bulge around the joint portion of the steel members, punching-shearing the bulge under red heat immediately after the pressure butt welding process from one side of the bulge in parallel with the axes of the steel members by use of a shearing die having higher and lower shearing edge portions so that the higher shearing edge portions penetrate the bulge prior to the lower shearing edge portions, so as to cause the base of the bulge to remain around the joint portion in a slightly higher position than the peripheral surfaces of the steel members, and determining the quality of the joint portion from the peripheral surface of the base of the bulge remaining on the joint portion.
摘要翻译： 用于检查对接焊接质量的冲压剪切方法包括加热对接钢构件，以在钢构件的接合部分周围形成环形凸起，在压力对接焊接之后立即在红色热冲压剪切凸起 通过使用具有较高和较低剪切边缘部分的剪切模具，从凸起的一侧平行于钢构件的轴线处理，使得较高剪切边缘部分在下剪切边缘部分之前穿透凸起，从而 导致凸起的基部保持在接合部分周围比钢构件的周边表面略高的位置，并且确定从保持在接合部分上的凸起的基部的周面的接合部的质量。
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公开(公告)号：US4411160A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-25
申请号：US287414
申请日：1981-07-27
申请人： Alan J. Lutenegger , John M. Pitt
发明人： Alan J. Lutenegger , John M. Pitt
摘要： A vane modulus soil tester includes a multi-blade vane having a plurality of radially extended and circumferentially spaced-apart blades. The blades have cavities in which resistance-type strain gauges are carried for measuring stress on the face of the vane blades. At least strain gauges are situated so as to be "facing" each other.A further embodiment may be provided with a series of independent levels of blades of different thicknesses whereby test values may be extrapolated to zero blade thickness conditions or the insitu value. A support base is provided for securely positioning a vane rod extended axially from the vane and for applying torque to the vane through the vane rod.
摘要翻译： 叶片模量土壤测试仪包括具有多个径向延伸和周向间隔开的叶片的多叶片叶片。 叶片具有用于测量叶片叶片表面上的应力的电阻型应变计的空腔。 至少应变片位于彼此面对的位置。 另外的实施例可以设置有一系列具有不同厚度的独立级别的叶片，从而可以将测试值外推到零叶片厚度条件或固有值。 提供支撑基座，用于可靠地定位从叶片轴向延伸的叶片杆，并通过叶片杆向叶片施加扭矩。
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