Abstract:
Five-membered nitrogen-containing saturated heterocyclic compounds, e.g. pyrrolidone, can be prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation/amination of a five-membered heterocyclic anhydride or the corresponding acid. This reaction proceeds with high yields and selectivities when it is conducted in the presence of complex catalysts containing ruthenium.
Abstract:
An improved process for the preparation of 2-pyrrolidone by the liquid phase hydrogenation of succinonitrile in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and ammonia, whereafter the resulting hydrogenation product is hydrolyzed with water. A hydrogenation catalyst in the form of a fixed bed is used, and a liquid phase of succinonitrile and liquid ammonia is passed over the catalyst at a temperature of between 50.degree. and 130.degree. C.
Abstract:
A process for producing 2-pyrrolidone by the simultaneous hydrolysis and hydrogenation of succinonitrile at elevated temperatures and at hydrogen pressures below 500 psi in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
Abstract:
A process for producing 2-pyrrolidone which comprises the simultaneous hydrolysis and hydrogenation of succinonitrile at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst consisting essentially of nickel boride.
Abstract:
A process for producing 2-pyrrolidone by the simultaneous hydrolysis and hydrogenation of succinonitrile at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a reaction promoter selected from the group consisting of 2-pyrrolidone and N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING 2-PYRROLIDINONE WHICH COMPRISES REACTING SUCCINONITRILE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND IN THE ABSENCE OF ADDED AMMONIA WITH HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A RANEY COBALT CATALYST, AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 250*C. TO ABOUT 300*C. AND AT A HYDROGEN PRESSURE OF FROM ABOUT 2000 TO ABOUT 3500 P.S.I.G.