Abstract:
An integrated process for the manufacture of melamine in combination with the manufacture of urea is disclosed, wherein the urea product from the urea synthesis unit is used as feed to the melamine synthesis unit. In the process described, the ammonia and carbon dioxide by-products from the melamine plants are processed by condensing the same to form a dilute solution of ammonium carbamate and ammonia and desorbing the resulting solution at urea synthesis pressures, to release a major part of the carbon dioxide, and passing the resulting gaseous mixture containing ammonia and carbon dioxide with only small amounts of water vapor directly to the high pressure urea synthesis unit. Procedures for suitably recovering and using the heat energy released during the various chemical reactions and evaporation steps are also described.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PIPERIDINE IS DESCRIBED IN WHICH 4-CYANOBUTYRALDEHYDE IS HYDROGENATED IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUITABLE CATALYST AND AMMONIA.
Abstract:
A PROCESS IS DESCRIBED FOR THE PURIFICATION OF CRUDE TEREPHATHALIC ACID, CONTAMINATED WITH IMPURITIES SUCH AS PARA-TOLUIC ACID AND PARA-CARBOXY BENZALDEHYDE, WHEREIN THE CRUDE TEREPHTHALIC ACID IS DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT MIXTURE OF WATER AND ACETONITRILE AS ELEVATED PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES IN EXCESS OF NORMAL BOILING TEMPERATURE OF THE SOLVENT MIXTURE, AND THE SOLUTION THEREAFTER COOLED TO A LOWER TEMPERATURE TO PERMIT RECRYSTALLIZATION OF PURIFIED TEREPHTHALIC ACID FROM THE MOTHER LIQUOR.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LACTAMS FROM CYCLOALKANES IS DISCLOSED. CYCLOALKANES ARE REACTED WITH NITROSYL CHLORIDE WHILE SUBJECTED TO IRRADIATION, IN THE PRESENCE OF A NITRILE WHICH DOES NOT CONTAIN ANY METHYLENE GROUPS CAPABLE OF REACTING WITH NITROSYL UNDER THE REACTION CONDITIONS. WLACTAMS ARE DIRECTLY PRODUCED BY HEATING THE REACTION PRODUCT.
Abstract:
THERE IS PROVIDED A POLAMIDE COMPOSITION CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE ADDITVE OF LYSINE, A-AMINO-E-CAPROLACTAM, E-N-R-LYSINE (WHEREIN R STANDS FOR A BIVALENT HYDROCARBON-RADICAL), A-N-R-A-AMINO-E-CAPROLACTAM (WHEREIN R STANDS FOR A BIVALENT HYDROCARBON RADICAL), N,N'',-BIS HEXAHYDRO-AZEPIN-2-OXO-3-YL)-R (WHEREIN R STANDS FOR A DIAMINE OR A DIAMIDE) AND 1 N, 3 N, 5 N-TRI(HEXAHYDROAZEPIN-2-OXO-3-YL)-TRIAZLINE-1,3,5 AND A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. PREFERABLEY THE ADDITIVE IS CONTAINED IN THE COMPOSITION IN AMOUNTS OF 0.5 TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF THE POLYAMIDE.THE COMPOSTION IS USEFUL FRO SPINNING INTO FIBERS AND YARNS AND IMPROVES COLOR INTENSITY, MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AND FLAT SPOTTING.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MACROMOLECULAR FORMALDEHYDE POLYMERS IS DESCRIBED WHEREIN FORMALDEHYDE CONTAINING SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF WATER, E.G., FROM 0.5% UP TO 7% OR EVEN MORE, MAY BE POLYMERIZED. THE CATALYSTS USED FOR THIS PROCESS ARE CERTAIN TITANIUM COMPOUNDS DISSOLVED IN AN INERT LIQUID MEDIUM, SUCH AS TITANIC ESTERS OF ALCOHOLS, CYCLO ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND THIOPHENOLS; TITANIUM SALTS OF ORGANIC SALTS AND OTHER ORGANIC TITANIUM COMPOUNDS.
Abstract:
There is provided an improvement in the process for increasing the amino acid content of cereals by contacting with an aqueous solution of at least one amino acid to cause absorption of the amino acid into the cereal. The improvement resides in first increasing the water content of the cereal prior to contacting the cereal with the solution of at least one amino acid, whereby an increased absorption of the amino acid is obtained.
Abstract:
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF A NITROPHOSPHATE FERTILIZER WHEREIN PHOSPHATE ROCK IS DECOMPOSED IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING SUFFICIENT NITRIC ACID TO DISSOLVE THE PHOSPHATE ROCK, SULPHURIC ACID IS THEN ADDED TO THE SOLUTION IN A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT TO PRECIPITATE GYPSUM WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS REFORMATION OF NITRIC ACID, ADDITIONAL PHOSPHATE ROCK IS THEN ADDED TO THE SOLUTION AND DISSOLVED BY THE REFORMED NITRIC ACID, AMMONIUM SULPHATE IS THEN ADDED TO
THE SOLUTION TO REACT WITH THE DISSOLVED CALCIUM IONS OBTAINED IN DISSOLVING THE ADDITIONAL PHOSPHATE ROCK, THEREBY PRECIPITATING ADDITIONAL GYPSUM, THE PRECIPITATED GYPSUM IS THEN SEPARATED FROM THE SOLUTION, AND THE GYPSUM-FREE SOLUTION IS THEN NEUTRALIZED WITH AMMONIA AND EVAPORATED TO DRYNESS TO FORM A SOLID FERTILIZER COMPOSITION.
Abstract:
A FILM EVAPORATOR IS DISCLOSED IN WHICH AT LEAST, THE TOPMOST OF THE BAFFLES FOR SEPARATING ENTRAINED LIQUID PARTICLES FROM THE VAPOR DISHCARGE IS PROVIDED WITH A GUIDE SURFACE LEADING TO A TROUGH. DRAIN PIPES LEADING OBLIQUELY DOWNWARDLY FROM THE TROUGH CONVEY THE COLLECTED LIQUID TO AN AREA OF SUFFICIENTLY LOW GAS VELOCITY AS TO ALLOW THE
LIQUID TO FLOW TO THE CONDENSATE DISCHARGE PORT. SOME OF THE BAFFLES ARE LOCATED ON A CONCENTRIC INSERT HAVING AN UPPER END LOCATED ABOVE THE BASE OF THE VAPOR DISCHARGE LINE. AS A FURTHER MEAUSRE, A DAM IS THEN PROVIDED IN THE BASE OF THE VAPOR DISCHARGE LINE.