Abstract:
a nonvolatile memory device Includes an active region defined in a semiconductor substrate and a control gate electrode crossing over the active region. A gate insulating layer is interposed between the control gate electrode and the active reigon. A floating gate is formed in the active region to penetrate the control gate electrode and extend to a predetermined depth into the semiconductor substrate. A tunnel insulating layer is successively interposed between the control gate electrode and the floating gate, and between the semiconductor substrate and the floating gate. The floating gate may be formed after a trench is formed by sequentially etching a control gate conductive layer and the semiconductor substrate, and a tunnel insulating layer is formed on the trench and sidewalls of the control gate conductive layer. The floating gate is formed in the trench to extend into a predetermined depth into the semiconductor substrate.
Abstract:
A metal etching process is described. A substrate having a dielectric layer thereon is provided. An aluminum-copper alloy layer is formed on the dielectric layer. A hard mask layer is formed on the aluminum-copper alloy layer. A patterned photoresist layer is formed on the hard mask layer and then the hard mask layer is patterned. A thermal treatment process is performed. The thermal treatment process is carried out at a temperature of more than 300° C. for a period of at least 3 minutes. Thereafter, the aluminum-copper alloy layer is etched using the patterned hard mask layer as an etching mask. Due to the thermal treatment, the metal precipitate (CuAl2) within the aluminum-copper alloy layer is eliminated and hence the metal etching process is improved.
Abstract:
An adaptive writing method of a high-density optical recording apparatus and a circuit thereof. The circuit includes a discriminator for discriminating a magnitude of a present mark of input NRZI data and magnitudes of leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data, a generator for controlling the waveform of a write pulse in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of the input NRZI data and the magnitudes of the leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data to generate an adaptive write pulse, and a driver for driving a light source by converting the adaptive write pulse into a current signal in accordance with driving power levels for respective channels of the adaptive write pulse. The widths of the first and/or last pulses of the write pulse waveform are varied in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of input NRZI data and the magnitude of the leading and/or trailing spaces, thereby minimizing jitter to enhance system reliability and performance.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a liquid zoom lens. The liquid zoom lens comprises a cylindrical body including glass lenses respectively coupled at upper and lower openings to the body, an auto-focus lens part including a first liquid insulating layer and a first electrolyte layer stacked at a lower portion of the body to form an interface therebetween, and an optical zoom lens part including a second liquid insulating layer and a second electrolyte layer stacked on the first electrolyte layer to form an interface therebetween and a lens positioned in the second liquid insulating layer and fixed to the body with an outer peripheral surface of the lens closely contacting an inner peripheral surface of the body. The liquid zoom lens enables an auto-focus function and an optical zoom function to be performed simultaneously by means of a single liquid lens having a variable curvature.
Abstract:
A semiconductor package comprising a die paddle defining multiple corners and opposed first and second surfaces. At least one set of leads extends at least partially about the die paddle in spaced relation thereto. Each of the leads has opposed first and second surfaces. Attached to and extending from one of the corners of the die paddle is at least one tie bar which itself has opposed first and second surfaces and at least one aperture disposed therein and extending between the first and second surfaces thereof. Attached to the first surface of the die paddle is a semiconductor die which is electrically connected to at least one of the leads. A package body at least partially covers the die paddle, the leads, the tie bar and the semiconductor die such that the second surfaces of the leads are exposed in and substantially flush with a common exterior surface of the package body, and a portion of the package body extends through the aperture of the tie bar.
Abstract:
An adaptive writing method of a high-density optical recording apparatus and a circuit thereof. The circuit includes a discriminator for discriminating a magnitude of a present mark of input NRZI data and magnitudes of leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data, a generator for controlling the waveform of a write pulse in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of the input NRZI data and the magnitudes of the leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data to generate an adaptive write pulse, and a driver for driving a light source by converting the adaptive write pulse into a current signal in accordance with driving power levels for respective channels of the adaptive write pulse. The widths of the first and/or last pulses of the write pulse waveform are varied in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of input NRZI data and the magnitude of the leading and/or trailing spaces, thereby minimizing jitter to enhance system reliability and performance.
Abstract:
A system and method for efficiently performing memory intensive computations including a bidirectional synchronization mechanism for maintaining consistency of data on which computations will be performed. This can be used to solve various problems such as those in a business context. Synchronization occurs in a near-real-time fashion between data in a database and data stored in memory. The synchronization is accomplished by periodically scanning the database to see if any data has changed. If any data has changed, the changes are copied over to memory so that the data in memory is current. This update is accomplished without copying the entire database into memory each time data in the database changes.
Abstract:
Formal verification definitions and semantics are disclosed for a model of a finite-state system, an assertion graph to express properties for verifiction, and satisfiability criteria for specification and automated verification of forward implication properties and backward justification properties. A method is disclosed to perform antecedent strengthening on antecedent labels of an assertion graph. A method is also disclosed to compute a simulation relation sequence ending with a simulation relation fixpoint, which can be compared to a consequence labeling for each edge of an assertion graph to verify implication properties and justification properties according to the formal semantics. A method is also disclosed to compute an implicit satisfiability of an assertion graph by a model from the simulation relation computed for the model and assertion graph abstractions. Other methods and techniques are also disclosed herein, which provide for fuller utilization of the claimed subject matter.
Abstract:
An adaptive writing method of a high-density optical recording apparatus and a circuit thereof. The circuit includes a discriminator for discriminating a magnitude of a present mark of input NRZI data and magnitudes of leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data, a generator for controlling the waveform of a write pulse in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of the input NRZI data and the magnitudes of the leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data to generate an adaptive write pulse, and a driver for driving a light source by converting the adaptive write pulse into a current signal in accordance with driving power levels for respective channels of the adaptive write pulse. The widths of the first and/or last pulses of the write pulse waveform are varied in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of input NRZI data and the magnitude of the leading and/or trailing spaces, thereby minimizing jitter to enhance system reliability and performance.
Abstract:
An electronically controlled brake system having a structure capable of achieving a rapid increase in the pressure of brake oil while reducing the operation time of each pump during an active control operation. The electronically controlled brake system comprises a master cylinder assembly to provide a braking force, a plurality of brake cylinders to perform a braking operation, first and second hydraulic circuits to connect the master cylinder assembly to the plurality of brake cylinders, to define a closed circuit, and first and second pump units provided, respectively, at the first and second hydraulic circuits, to realize an active control operation. The first hydraulic circuit includes a pair of suction lines to connect a suction side of the first pump unit to the master cylinder assembly, and the second hydraulic circuit includes a pair of suction lines to connect a suction side of the second pump unit to the master cylinder assembly, each suction line being provided with a suction-side solenoid valve.