摘要:
A process for the preparation of a styryl-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid ester of the formula ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or an alcohol radical customary in pyrethroids,R.sup.1 is alkoxy or alkylthio, either of which may be optionally substituted by halogen,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkoxy, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are optionally halogen-substituted alkylenedioxy, andR.sup.3 is hydrogen or chlorine, comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## with, respectively, one, two or three equivalents of a base at a temperature below 60.degree. C. The products are insecticidally active when R is the residue of a pyrethroid-type alcohol. Various syntheses are given for the starting materials which are new.
摘要:
A 3-phenoxy-fluorobenzyl alcohol of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 is hydrogen, cyano or ethynyl.The compounds can be esterified with pyrethroid-type carboxylic acids to give highly active insecticides.
摘要:
Method for irradiating granules, in the case of which the granules are arranged in a sample container (2) and are irradiated with an irradiation lamp (3), the granules being periodically mixed during the irradiation such that different surfaces of the granules are irradiated.It is preferred to make use for the irradiation of a device which comprises a. at least one irradiation lamp (3), and b. at least one sample container (2) for the granules to be irradiated, the sample container being connected to a drive so that the sample container can be moved during the irradiation and the granules can be mixed.
摘要:
Method for irradiating granules, in the case of which the granules are arranged in a sample container (2) and are irradiated with an irradiation lamp (3), the granules being periodically mixed during the irradiation such that different surfaces of the granules are irradiated.It is preferred to make use for the irradiation of a device which comprises a. at least one irradiation lamp (3), and b. at least one sample container (2) for the granules to be irradiated, the sample container being connected to a drive so that the sample container can be moved during the irradiation and the granules can be mixed.
摘要:
Fast test for determining the abrasion of granules, in the case of which i.) granules are milled, ii.) the milled product is subjected to a sieve analysis, and iii.)the results of the sieve analysis are compared with at least one reference value in order to classify the abrasion of the granules, the granules being milled in a cutting mill.
摘要:
The invention is concerned with a closure clamp, comprising a carrier element (1) provided with a bearing (2), and a clamping lever (3) pivotable thereto, wherein one end (31) thereof is connected to the bearing (2) while the second end thereof includes a handle (32). To that effect, a pivotally arranged clamping element (5) is disposed on the clamping lever (3) between the bearing (2) and the handle (32) to detachably connect a locking element (6) provided on the W side of the bearing (2) facing away from the handle, to the carrier element (1). Provision is made according to the invention that, for swivelling the clamping element (5), the same is provided, on the side facing the handle, with a hand-operated lever (7).
摘要:
The present invention relates to a highly accurate and reproducible mathematically-based methodology for quantifying the levels of differential gene expression from microassay protocols. Specifically, the present invention provides a simple deductive approach, grounded in a Bayesian framework, to circumvent the heuristic-based limitation of previous methodologies. Rather than seeking a point-estimate of the fold-change of the level of gene expression, the present invention utilizes the derivation of mathematical formula to determine the a posteriori distribution of all the fold-changes of differential gene expression which may be inferred from the given measurements. From this a posteriori distribution the following information may be obtained: (i) an estimator for the fold-change of the level of gene expression; (ii) confidence limits for the fold-change, at any given confidence level; and (iii) a P-value for assessing the statistical significance of change. The present invention also possesses the advantage that fold-change estimates and confidence limits may even be assigned to signal pairs where both signals are zero or negative, without resorting to heuristic thresholds.
摘要:
Disinfecting agents according to the invention with a high microbiocidal effect contain up to 5 wt. % performic acid, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. The agents can be obtained by addition of a source of formic acid such as formic acid, a water-soluble salt of the same or a lower formic ester, to an aqueous phase containing 5 to 50 wt. % hydrogen peroxide and 1 to 15 wt. % peracetic acid and, in the case of the addition of a salt, additionally a mineral acid. Preferred agents result from the addition of 0.1 to 1 mole sodium formate or formic acid, per kg of the agent to be produced, to an equilibrium peracetic acid containing mineral acid with 0.5 to 6 wt. % peracetic acid.
摘要:
The invention relates to novel processes for the preparation of phenyl acetic acid derivatives of the formula (I) some of which are known ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of each other each represent hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy by ozonolysis of compounds of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or methyl and oxidation of the reaction products obtained therefrom. The invention further relates to novel intermediates and a process for the preparation thereof.
摘要:
A new process for the preparation of pyrazolines of formula ##STR1## is provided, in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and each represent optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted and/or benzo-fused heterocyclyl with 5 or 6 ring members of which 1 to 4 are nitrogen atoms and the remainder are carbon atoms, andR.sup.2 represents hydrogen or alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, each of which is optionally substituted.In this, in a first reaction stage, ketones of formula (II) ##STR2## are reacted with bis-dialkylaminomethanes of formula (III)(R.sup.4).sub.2 N--CH.sub.2 --N(R.sup.4).sub.2 (III)in whichR.sup.4 represents alkyl,optionally in the presence of a diluent, at temperatures between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. and the substituted dialkylaminoalkyl ketones of general formula (IV) ##STR3## formed in this way are optionally isolated and in a second process stage are reacted with hydrazine (hydrate), optionally in the presence of a diluent, at temperatures between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C.The compounds of formula (I) are known intermediates for the preparation of pyrazoline end products which have a powerful insecticidal action.