公开(公告)号：US07152003B2

公开(公告)日：2006-12-19

申请号：US11011453

申请日：2004-12-13

申请人： Douglas H. Loose ,  Michael A. Davis

发明人： Douglas H. Loose ,  Michael A. Davis

IPC分类号： G01F1/00 ,  G01F7/00 ,  G07F19/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/666 ,  G01F1/712 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01F15/024

摘要： An apparatus for measuring a parameter of a fluid passing through a pipe includes a spatial array of at least two sensors disposed at different axial locations along the pipe. Each of the sensors provides a signal indicative of unsteady pressure within the pipe at a corresponding axial location of the pipe. A signal processor constructs at least a portion of a k-ω plot using the signals and detects at least one ridge in the k-ω plot. A slope of the at least one ridge is indicative of the parameter of the fluid. The signal processor determines a quality metric by comparing an accumulated energy (power) of k-ω pairs along the at least one ridge with an accumulated energy (power) of k-ω pairs along at least one ray extending in the k-ω plot. The quality metric is indicative of a quality of the at least one ridge.

摘要翻译： 用于测量通过管道的流体的参数的装置包括设置在沿着管道的不同轴向位置处的至少两个传感器的空间阵列。 每个传感器提供在管道的相应轴向位置处指示管内不稳定压力的信号。 信号处理器使用该信号构建k-ω图的至少一部分并且检测k-ω图中的至少一个脊。 至少一个脊的斜率表示流体的参数。 所述信号处理器通过将沿着所述至少一个脊的k-ω对的累积能量（功率）与沿k-Ω图中延伸的至少一条光线的k-ω对的累积能量（功率）进行比较来确定质量度量 。 质量度量表示至少一个脊的质量。

公开(公告)号：US06894818B1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-17

申请号：US10723089

申请日：2003-11-25

申请人： James M. Cicchiello ,  Michael A. Davis

发明人： James M. Cicchiello ,  Michael A. Davis

IPC分类号： G02B26/08

CPC分类号： G02B26/0816 ,  F41G3/22

摘要： A conformed all-reflective beam-steering (CARBS) device is provided which is a hybrid of a mirror and one-axis gimbal assembly mounted on a rotating carriage. The CARBS device functions as a coarse-steering element in an electro-optical tracking system. The one-axis gimbal only has to steer over 0-45° elevation (El), rather than the more typical +/−45° El. To provide a full field of regard (FOR), the present invention relies on a rotating carriage to rotate 360°. The present invention facilitates the full FOR by positioning a mirror and one-axis gimbal assembly close to the exit pupil window. Further, the present invention takes advantage of decentration and off-axis parabolic reflectors to maintain a small footprint. This compact design allows for lower system inertia, which reduces power draw, and further provides a system which may be package to meet upcoming military modular packaging requirements.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种符合条件的全反射光束转向（CARBS）装置，其是安装在旋转托架上的反射镜和单轴万向节组件的混合物。 CARBS装置在电光跟踪系统中用作粗调导元件。 单轴万向节只能转向0-45°的高度（El），而不是更典型的+/- 45°El。 为了提供全面的观点（FOR），本发明依赖于旋转的托架360°旋转。 本发明通过将反射镜和单轴万向节组件放置在靠近出射光瞳窗口的方式来促进完整的FOR。 此外，本发明利用偏心和离轴抛物面反射器来维持小的占地面积。 这种紧凑的设计允许较低的系统惯量，这降低了功率消耗，并且还提供了可以封装以满足即将到来的军事模块化封装要求的系统。

公开(公告)号：US06856729B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-15

申请号：US10098924

申请日：2002-03-16

申请人： Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/02176 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29323 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/29385 ,  G02B6/29398 ,  G02B6/4215

摘要： A wavelength monitoring device is provided having an optical reflecting element for reflecting an incoming optical signal to a detector, wherein the device features a narrowband optical reflecting element for reflecting only a narrowband portion of the incoming optical signal to the optical reflecting element. The narrowband optical reflecting element has a reflection function having a bandwidth and shape that determines the narrowband portion of the incoming optical signal. The narrowband optical reflecting element may be a Bragg grating for spectrally processing the incoming optical signal, while the optical reflecting element may be a blazed Bragg grating for reflecting the spectrally processing incoming optical signal to the detector. The detector determines an amount of optical power reflected by the Bragg grating and discriminates between reflections of individual gratings, and is a spatial filter for providing a direct correlation between individual detector elements and a specific wavelength range. The narrowband optical reflecting element includes a glass element having a Bragg grating arranged therein. The glass element may be either an optical fiber having a diameter of about 125 microns, or a large diameter waveguide having a diameter of at least about 0.3 millimeters.

摘要翻译： 提供一种具有用于将入射光信号反射到检测器的光学反射元件的波长监视装置，其中，该装置具有用于仅将入射光信号的窄带部分反射到光反射元件的窄带光反射元件。 窄带光反射元件具有具有确定入射光信号的窄带部分的带宽和形状的反射函数。 窄带光学反射元件可以是用于光谱处理输入光信号的布拉格光栅，而光反射元件可以是用于将光谱处理输入光信号反射到检测器的闪耀布拉格光栅。 检测器确定由布拉格光栅反射的光功率的量并且区分各个光栅的反射，并且是用于在各个检测器元件和特定波长范围之间提供直接相关性的空间滤波器。 窄带光反射元件包括布置在其中的布拉格光栅的玻璃元件。 玻璃元件可以是直径为约125微米的光纤，或直径为至少约0.3毫米的大直径波导。

公开(公告)号：US06776045B2

公开(公告)日：2004-08-17

申请号：US10007735

申请日：2001-11-08

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01L900

CPC分类号： G01L11/025

摘要： A fiber grating pressure sensor for use in an industrial process includes an optical sensing element 20,600 which includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 and/or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding and which has an outer transverse dimension of at least 0.3 mm. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected from the grating 12 at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The sensing element 20,600 may be used by itself as a sensor or located within a housing 48,60,90,270,300. When external pressure P increases, the grating 12 is compressed and the reflection wavelength &lgr;1 changes. The shape of the sensing element 20,600 may have other geometries, e.g., a “dogbone” shape, so as to enhance the sensitivity of shift in &lgr;1 due to applied external pressure and may be fused to an outer shell 50. A temperature grating 270 may be used to measure temperature and allow for a temperature-corrected pressure measurement. The sensor may be suspended within an outer housing 112, by a fluid, spacers, or other means. The sensor may also be combined with an instrument, an opto-electronic converter and a controller in an industrial process control system.

摘要翻译： 用于工业过程的光纤光栅压力传感器包括光学传感元件20,600，光学传感元件20,600包括光纤10，该光纤10具有印刷在其中的布拉格光栅12，该布置光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20的至少一部分内并与其融合，和/或 具有芯和宽包层并且具有至少0.3mm的外横向尺寸的大直径波导光栅600。 光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长λ1从光栅12反射。 感测元件20,600可以自身用作传感器或位于壳体48,60,270,300内。 当外部压力P增加时，光栅12被压缩，反射波长λ1变化。 感测元件20,600的形状可以具有其他几何形状，例如“狗骨”形状，以便增强由于施加的外部压力而导致的λ1偏移的灵敏度，并且可以将其熔合到外壳50.温度光栅270可以 用于测量温度并允许进行温度校正的压力测量。 传感器可以通过流体，间隔件或其他装置悬挂在外壳体112内。 传感器还可以与工业过程控制系统中的仪器，光电转换器和控制器组合。

公开(公告)号：US06668656B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

申请号：US10191710

申请日：2002-07-09

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01L900

CPC分类号： G01L11/025

摘要： A fiber Bragg grating based sensor is disclosed. The sensor comprises an optical waveguide having a core and a cladding. The core comprises a pressure sensor such as a fiber Bragg grating. In one embodiment, a support is affixed around the cladding which has two first portions each having a first diameter. The pressure sensor is located at a second portion of the support positioned between the two first portions which has a second smaller diameter, thus giving the sensor a “dog bone” shape. In another embodiment, the dog bone shape is imparted by positioning the pressure sensor at a portion of a waveguide having a reduced cladding diameter.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅的传感器。 传感器包括具有芯和包层的光波导。 核心包括诸如光纤布拉格光栅的压力传感器。 在一个实施例中，支撑件固定在包层周围，该包层具有两个各自具有第一直径的第一部分。 所述压力传感器位于所述支撑件的位于所述两个第一部分之间的第二部分，所述第二部分具有第二较小的直径，从而使所述传感器成为“狗骨”形状。 在另一个实施例中，通过将压力传感器定位在具有减小的包层直径的波导的部分处来施加狗骨形状。

公开(公告)号：US06470036B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-22

申请号：US09705326

申请日：2000-11-03

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： H01S310

CPC分类号： H01S5/141 ,  H01S3/1053 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S5/02248

摘要： A tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable Bragg grating, including: a semiconductor gain medium; an elongated tuner housing having a tuner housing head and having a tuner housing foot, the tuner housing head and tuner housing foot being rigidly connected; a span of waveguide having a Bragg grating, for receiving the source light and for providing in turn the reflected light, and having a waveguide head and a waveguide foot, the waveguide head abutting the tuner housing head and the waveguide foot disposed toward the tuner housing foot; a piezoelectric crystal or other device or arrangement for providing a compressive force, disposed so as to abut the waveguide foot and also to abut the tuner housing foot, the means for applying a compressive force for exerting a compressive force on the span of waveguide along the direction of the axis of the span of waveguide, the compressive force being sufficient to alter the grating so as to affect the wavelength of light reflected by the grating. In some applications, the waveguide includes sections of different thicknesses, each having a sampled grating, the two sampled gratings being created so that at any given compressive force exerted by the piezoelectric crystal, the two gratings reflect at most one wavelength in common. The tunable laser in such an application therefore behaves as a stepped tunable laser.

摘要翻译： 一种包含可调谐布拉格光栅的可调谐外腔半导体激光器，包括：半导体增益介质; 具有调谐器壳体头部并且具有调谐器壳体脚的细长调谐器壳体，调谐器壳体头部和调谐器壳体脚刚性连接; 具有布拉格光栅的波导的跨距，用于接收源光并反过来提供反射光，并具有波导头和波导脚，波导头邻近调谐器壳体头部和朝向调谐器壳体设置的波导脚 脚丫子; 用于提供压缩力的压电晶体或其它装置或装置，其设置成邻接波导脚并且还抵靠调谐器壳体脚，用于施加压缩力以在波导跨度上施加压缩力的装置沿着 波导跨距的方向，压缩力足以改变光栅，以便影响由光栅反射的光的波长。 在一些应用中，波导包括不同厚度的部分，每个具有采样的光栅，两个采样的光栅被创建，使得在由压电晶体施加的任何给定的压缩力下，两个光栅共同反射至多一个波长。 因此，在这种应用中的可调谐激光器作为阶梯式可调谐激光器。

公开(公告)号：US06462329B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09448367

申请日：1999-11-23

申请人： Michael A. Davis ,  David R. Fournier ,  Richard T. Jones

发明人： Michael A. Davis ,  David R. Fournier ,  Richard T. Jones

IPC分类号： G01J104

CPC分类号： G01K1/20 ,  G01K11/32

摘要： A fiber Bragg grating reference module provides a precise temperature reference for a temperature probe, including a thermistor, located in close proximity thereto, and includes an optical fiber having a fiber Bragg grating therein, a glass element and a reference housing. The fiber Bragg grating has two ends and with a coefficient of thermal expansion. The glass element anchors the two ends of the fiber Bragg grating, and has a substantially similar coefficient of thermal expansion as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fiber Bragg grating to ensure that the glass element does not substantially induce strain on the fiber Bragg grating as the ambient temperature changes. The reference housing has a cavity and also has a means for receiving and affixing one end of the fiber Bragg grating and for suspending the fiber Bragg grating in the cavity leaving the other end of the fiber Bragg grating free to move as the ambient temperature changes without inducing strain in the fiber Bragg grating. The glass element includes a glass tube collapsed over the entire length of the fiber Bragg grating. Alternatively, the glass element includes a glass tube locally collapsed at the two ends of the fiber Bragg grating over a part of length of the fiber Bragg grating.

摘要翻译： 光纤布拉格光栅参考模块为温度探头提供精确的温度基准，包括位于其附近的热敏电阻，并包括其中具有光纤布拉格光栅的光纤，玻璃元件和参考外壳。 光纤布拉格光栅具有两端和热膨胀系数。 玻璃元件锚固光纤布拉格光栅的两端，并且具有与光纤布拉格光栅的热膨胀系数基本相似的热膨胀系数，以确保玻璃元件基本上不会在光纤布拉格光栅上引起应变 环境温度变化。 参考壳体具有空腔并且还具有用于接收和固定光纤布拉格光栅的一端并用于将光纤布拉格光栅悬挂在腔中的装置，离开光纤布拉格光栅的另一端随着环境温度的变化而自由移动，而没有 在光纤布拉格光栅中诱发应变。 玻璃元件包括在光纤布拉格光栅的整个长度上折叠的玻璃管。 或者，玻璃元件包括在纤维布拉格光栅的长度的一部分上在纤维布拉格光栅的两端局部塌缩的玻璃管。

公开(公告)号：USD448968S1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US29127986

申请日：2000-08-16

申请人： Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher T. Troyer

设计人： Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher T. Troyer

公开(公告)号：US06298184B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09205845

申请日：1998-12-04

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02B6/02133 ,  G02B2006/02161

摘要： A method and apparatus for forming a tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 28 which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 120 and a substantially transparent index-matching medium 122, such as an optically flat window, having an optically flat surface 126 adjacent to the tube 120. A substantially transparent index-matching intermediate material (e.g., UV transparent oil) 124 is used between the window 22 and the tube 120 to substantially eliminate the interface between the tube 120 and the medium 122. A pair of writing beams 26,34 are incident on and pass through the medium 122, the tube 120 and intersect and interfere in a region 30 on the fiber 28. Also, the width Wb of the writing beams 26,34 may be set to be less than the width Woil of the intermediate material 124 to eliminate surface damage (ablations) of the tube 120. Attentively, the medium 122 may have a geometry to eliminate surface ablations (e.g., a collar shape) and/or to match the shape of the tube 120. More than one grating or pair of gratings may be written in the tube-encased fiber or one or more gratings may be formed in multiple fibers 28,250 encased in the tube 120. Further, high intensity writing beams 26,34 on the fiber 28 may be achieved by having the medium 122 have a predetermined thickness T.

摘要翻译： 用于形成管封装光纤光栅的方法和装置包括：光纤28，其被包裹在玻璃毛细管120和基本上透明的折射率匹配介质122的至少一部分内并且熔合到光纤平面窗口 具有与管120相邻的光学平坦表面126.在窗口22和管120之间使用基本上透明的折射率匹配中间材料（例如，UV透明油）124，以基本上消除管120和管120之间的界面 介质122.一对写入光束26,34入射并穿过介质122，管120并且交叉并干涉光纤28上的区域30.而且，写入光束26,34的宽度Wb可以 被设定为小于中间材料124的宽度Wo，以消除管120的表面损伤（消融）。注意地，介质122可以具有几何形状以消除表面消融（例如，套环形状）和/或t o匹配管120的形状。可以将多于一个的光栅或一对光栅写入管封装的光纤中，或者一个或多个光栅可以形成在封装在管120中的多个光纤28,250中。此外，高强度写入光束 26,34可以通过使介质122具有预定厚度T来实现。

公开(公告)号：US06289740B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-18

申请号：US09185027

申请日：1998-10-26

申请人： Ralph Posey, Jr. ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Michel J. LeBlanc ,  Michael A. Davis

发明人： Ralph Posey, Jr. ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Michel J. LeBlanc ,  Michael A. Davis

IPC分类号： G01L124

CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01D5/35335

摘要： A system is disclosed for measuring strain using a technique of detecting the optical path difference in a sensing interferometer using an interrogating interferometer including a chirped fiber Bragg grating in which the optical path difference in the sensing interferometer is changed with the strain in the sensing arm, whereas the optical path difference of the interrogating interferometer is changed only by changing the center wavelength of addressing light, making use of the wavelength-dependency on the penetration depth inside the chirped fiber Bragg grating interferometer. Consequently, strain in the sensing interferometer can be assessed by determining the wavelength in which a coherence matched condition between the sensing and interrogation interferometers is attained.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于使用检测干涉仪中的光程差的技术来测量应变的系统，该技术使用包括啁啾光纤布拉格光栅的询问干涉仪，其中感测干涉仪中的光程差随传感臂中的应变而改变， 而询问干涉仪的光程差仅通过改变寻址光的中心波长而改变，利用与啁啾光纤布拉格光栅干涉仪内的穿透深度的波长依赖关系。 因此，可以通过确定获得感测和询问干涉仪之间的相干匹配条件的波长来评估感测干涉仪中的应变。