Abstract:
A control circuit for controlling an electron-emitting device is formed to draw, with a voltage applied, an excitation current being related to a number of electrons emitted. The inventive control circuit includes a first determinator for determining whether an amount of charge transported by the excitation current has reached a predetermined charge threshold value, a second determinator for determining whether a magnitude of the excitation current has reached a predetermined current threshold value, and a switch for switching off the excitation current as soon as the first determinator determines that the amount of charge has reached a predetermined charge threshold value, or as soon as the second determinator determines that the magnitude of the excitation current is smaller than the predetermined current threshold value. The control circuit allows the usage of, for example, CNT arrays for irradiation and operates on the basis of the current drawn by the electron-emitting device, which makes possible a simple setup.
Abstract:
An S/N ratio of a probe current is measured while a filament current is changed, and the filament current in which the S/N ratio is maximal is determined.
Abstract:
Electron-beam sources are disclosed that are especially suitable for use in electron-beam microlithography apparatus and methods for transferring a fine pattern from a reticle to a substrate (e.g., semiconductor wafer). The source includes a cathode body with a central conical projection extending toward an anode. The cathode body includes an annular electron-emitting surface. The electron-emitting surface can be defined by coating the cathode body with a material having a higher work function (desirably higher by 1 eV or greater) than the material of the cathode body. The operating temperature of the cathode body is controlled so that electrons are emitted only from the electron-emitting surface.