摘要:
Agglomerates with a carbonaceous material incorporated therein and a process for producing reduced metal using the agglomerates are provided. The agglomerates are prepared with high-VM coal, which is widely and abundantly produced and is less expensive, and they provide high strength after reduction without the need for finer metal oxide particles. The agglomerates are made of a carbonaceous material and a raw material to be reduced that contains a metal oxide, such as iron ore. The carbonaceous material used is a high-VM coal containing 35% or more by mass of volatile matter. The agglomerates are formed at a pressure of at least 2 t/cm2 so that the porosity thereof is reduced to 35% or less. The reduction in porosity is effective in promoting heat transfer inside the agglomerates in a rotary hearth furnace in a high-temperature reduction step so that the sintering of reduced metal proceeds efficiently in the overall regions of the agglomerates to produce a reduced metal having high crushing strength.
摘要翻译:提供并入其中的含碳材料的聚集体和使用附聚物生产还原金属的方法。 聚集体由高VM煤制备,其广泛且丰富地生产并且成本较低,并且在还原后提供高强度而不需要更细的金属氧化物颗粒。 附聚物由含碳材料和待还原的原料制成,其含有诸如铁矿石的金属氧化物。 使用的碳质材料是含有35质量%以上的挥发物的高VM煤。 附聚物在至少2t / cm 2的压力下形成,使得其孔隙率降低至35%以下。 孔隙率的降低有利于在高温还原步骤中促进旋转炉底炉内的附聚物内的热传递,使得还原金属的烧结在附聚物的整个区域中有效地进行,以产生具有高抗碎强度的还原金属 。
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing a chromium-containing material at a high chromium reduction degree. In the method of the present invention, a mixture of a feedstock containing chromium oxide and a carbonaceous reductant is heated and reduced by radiation heating in a moving hearth furnace. The average rate of raising the temperature of the mixture in the reduction is preferably 13.6° C./s or higher in the period from the initiation of the radiation heating of the mixture until the mixture reaches 1,114° C.
摘要:
Unnecessary moment in a vibrator is remarkably reduced and the power generation efficiency in capacitance-type vibrational power generation is remarkably improved. A vibrator provided in a variable-capacitance type vibrator has a structure in that one ends of oscillation plates extending in a longitudinal direction thereof sandwiches a mass and the other ends thereof sandwiches a spacer, respectively, wherein the oscillation plates are arranged parallel to each other. A space portion between the oscillation plates and in which the mass and the spacer are not in contact with each other functions as a spring. By holding the mass by the two oscillation plates, the mass can be oscillated while it is in parallel to an opposing electrode. Therefore, generation of unnecessary moment in a direction other than an oscillation direction can be remarkably reduced.
摘要:
A parent unit is provided having: a precedent base for accumulating data from child units; an element data determination unit for processing the data into element data; an element data classification unit for creating a classification; an element data change classification unit for determining which classification the element data belongs to, and calculates transition probabilities among the classifications, and a display unit for displaying data. The child unit collects air current data, processes the data, obtains the transition probabilities, and calculates a probability of encountering air turbulence. The child unit then displays certain data when the probability of encountering air turbulence satisfies predetermined conditions.
摘要:
A turbulent layer detecting apparatus in accordance with the present invention is equipped with a transmitting section that transmits beams of electromagnetic waves, sound waves or light waves into the atmosphere, a receiving section that receives the electromagnetic waves, the sound waves, or the light waves that have been transmitted by the transmitting section and scattered by particulates or the like in the atmosphere, a wind velocity measuring section that measures a beam direction component of a wind velocity at two or more observation points on a beam from a received signal received by the receiving section, or a density measuring section that measures a density at two or more observation points on the beam, and a turbulent layer detecting section that detects the presence of a turbulent layer on the basis of the output of either the wind velocity measuring section or the density measuring section.
摘要:
A moving hearth is formed by providing a layer of hearth material primarily composed of iron oxide on a base refractory in a reducing furnace and then sintering the hearth material so that the sintered moving hearth is not melted at an operational temperature in a reducing step. The moving hearth is more easily constructed compared to providing a shaped or amorphous refractory on the base refractory, has high durability, and can maintain surface flatness during operation.
摘要:
Iron oxide agglomerates incorporated with the carbonaceous material having a particle size within a range of about 10 to 30 nm are prepared upon production of reduced iron agglomerates. Then, the iron oxides agglomerates incorporated with the carbonaceous material were laid thinly at a laying density of less than 1.4 kg/m.sup.2 /mm or lower on a hearth of a moving hearth furnace. Subsequently, the iron oxide agglomerates are heated rapidly such that the surface temperature of the iron oxide agglomerates reaches 1200.degree. C. or higher within one-third of the retention period of time of the iron oxide agglomerates in the moving hearth furnace. Then, the iron oxide agglomerates are reduced till the metallization ratio thereof reaches 85% or higher to form reduced iron agglomerates and then the reduced iron agglomerates are discharged out of the moving hearth furnace. With the procedures, reduced iron agglomerates of a high average quality can be obtained at a high productivity.
摘要翻译:在生产还原铁附聚物时制备与含有约10至30nm范围内的粒度的含碳材料结合的氧化铁附聚物。 然后,在移动的炉底炉的炉床上以与小于1.4kg / m 2 / mm 2或更低的铺设密度薄层地铺设掺入碳质材料的氧化铁附聚物。 随后,快速加热氧化铁附聚物,使铁氧化物附聚物的表面温度在移动的炉床炉中的氧化铁附聚物的保留时间的三分之一内达到1200℃或更高。 然后,将氧化铁附聚物还原直到其金属化率达到85%以上,形成还原铁团聚体,然后将还原铁团聚体从移动的炉床炉排出。 通过该方法,可以以高生产率获得高平均质量的还原铁团块。
摘要:
An image forming apparatus comprising a first body and a second body which are openable or separable from each other. The apparatus contains a plurality of developing devices, each of which is movable between its developing position for developing a latent image on an image bearing member of the image forming apparatus and a retracted position where the developing device is retracted from the developing position. At least the developing device that is located at its developing position when the apparatus is closed, is moved away from the image bearing member in response to an operation for opening the second body relative to the first body.
摘要:
A double-side image forming apparatus has input unit for entering the number of desired image formation for forming images on both faces of a sheet-shaped image bearing member and a storage section for storing said image bearing member after image formation on a first face thereof. The apparatus is adapted, when the image formation on the first face of said image bearing members is interrupted before the completion of said desired number of image formations, to conduct in continuation the image formation on the second face of the image bearing members stored in said storage section.