摘要:
An oil well pumping unit has a walking beam which raises and lowers a rod connected to a downhole pump. To perform well analysis, it is desirable to know the position of the rod during the stroke. An accelerometer is mounted on the pumping system unit to move in conjunction with the rod. An output signal from the accelerometer is digitized and provided to a portable computer. The computer processes the digitized accelerometer signal to integrate it to first produce a velocity data set and second produce a position data set. Operations are carried out to modify the signal and produce a position trace with stroke markers to indicate positions of the rod during its cyclical operation.
摘要:
An echo sounding system includes a acoustic gun which is mounted to the wellhead of a borehole. The acoustic gun produces a acoustic pulse which is transmitted down the borehole. A tubing string is installed in the borehole and it has substantially evenly spaced collars. Fluid is pumped from the borehole, or well, by use of a reciprocating pump driven by a pump rod extending to the surface. Fluid is received from a surrounding formation and collects in the borehole. The acoustic pulse produces reflections when it strikes the tubing collars and the surface of the fluid. A microphone detects the reflections to produce a return signal. This signal is digitized and stored. The digitized signal is processed to detect the rate of the collar reflections and the stored signal is narrowband filtered with a passband filter centered at the rate of receipt of the collars. The data signal is further processed to determine the time of occurrence of the acoustic pulse and the liquid surface reflection. Each cycle of the narrowband filtered signal corresponds to one collar reflection. In this signal, each cycle is counted, and extrapolation used when necessary to produce a collar count extending from the surface to the liquid surface. This is multiplied by the average joint length to produce the depth to the liquid surface. The data signal and various well parameters and a schematic of the well are displayed for use by an operator. The system further detects the liquid level and displays it as a marker on the data signal. An operator can use the automatically determined marker or move it to another position. Finally, the operator is provided with optimum operating parameters for achieving maximum production from the well.
摘要:
A load cell is mounted on a polished rod between a rod clamp and a hanger bar. The polished rod is connected to a string of sucker rods that drive a reciprocating pump for lifting fluid from a borehole. The load cell includes a tubular body which is fitted with strain gauges for measuring compressional forces applied to the cell. The ends of the tubular body are shaped with annular spherical surfaces which mate with corresponding surfaces on washers at each end. Each of the washers tightly surrounds the polished rod and as a result of the loading on the polished rod, the washers and rod are forced into coaxial alignment with the load cell. Optionally, the polished rod can receive a centralizing sleeve which forces it to be centered within the tubular body of the load cell or the washers at either end thereof. As a result of the centralized placement of the polished rod, the loading across the cross sectional area of the load cell is made substantially uniform thereby enhancing the operation and life of the load cell.
摘要:
A downhole separator performs the function of removing gas from liquids before the liquids enter the well pump. The formation fluid enters into a first, lower, chamber, of the separator and exits through channels to helical passageways on the exterior of the separator body. A shroud surrounds the separator body to serve as an outer wall of the helical passageways. Spiraling movement of the fluid forces the heavier liquids outward and causes separation of the lighter gas. The liquids and gas are ejected from the top of the separator body. The separated liquids drain downward by gravity pull to a liquid reservoir. Liquids in the reservoir are driven upward and flow through channels on the exterior of the separator body into a second, upper chamber, in the separator body which is coupled by tubing to the inlet of the pump.
摘要:
Underground storage caverns are widely used for the bulk storage of petroleum products, in particular, crude oil. The caverns are accessed through a casing in a borehole down to the cavern. The lower end of the casing opens into an upper region of the cavern termed the chimney. The chimney provides a transition from the casing into the cavern body. The invention presents a process of injecting a gas into the well while measuring the gas pressure and optionally measuring the volume of injected gas. The gas drives down an interface between the gas and hydrocarbon liquid. By monitoring the rate of change of the gas pressure, and detecting a sudden decrease in the rate of change, it can be determined when the interface has been driven down to the region immediately below the bottom of the casing at the upper end of the chimney.
摘要:
A system and method for real-time data acquisition and presentation of force, position, load, pressures, and movement within a subterranean well pumping system, such as an oil well. Data is gathered using sensors attached to a surface level pump drive and wellhead system. Well structural data and well production data are combined therewith to generate a real-time display of down-hole well operation, including animated graphics of the pump operation, including pump movement, rod and tubing stretch, fluid movement, gas compression, system forces, and fluid pressures. Liquid levels are tested using an acoustic liquid level instrument, and incorporated to improve well performance analysis.
摘要:
Underground storage caverns are used for the bulk storage of hydrocarbon liquids, such as crude oil and gases, such as natural gas. The cavern is accessed through a bore hole which has casing and, for some bore holes, internal tubing with an annulus between the casing and tubing. The upper end of the cavern has a roughly cylindrical region termed the chimney. In order to check it for physical integrity, it is necessary to measure the profile of the chimney. This is also referred to as conducting a survey of the cavern. The cavern typically has hydrocarbon liquid above brine up to the surface. An inert gas can be injected above the hydrocarbon liquid to form an interface. The profile is conducted by driving the gas/liquid interface downward with gas pressure to a reference level determined by sequentially transmitting acoustic pulses to locate the reference level. Gas is injected to increase the pressure by a predetermined value and thereby drive down the interface by a known distance. The volume of the gas injected is used together with the known distance to determine a profile of the chimney. The process of injection of gas to increase the pressure by the predetermined value and measurement of the volume is repeated sequentially to determine the chimney profile at progressively lower regions, thereby producing an extended profile of the chimney.
摘要:
A method for real-time data acquisition and presentation of force, position, load, pressures, and movement within a subterranean well pumping system, such as an oil well. Data is gathered using sensors attached to a surface level pump drive and wellhead system. Well structural data and well production data are combined therewith to generate a real-time display of down-hole well operation, including animated graphics of the pump operation, including pump movement, rod and tubing stretch, fluid movement, gas compression, system forces, and fluid pressures. Liquid levels are tested using an acoustic liquid level instrument, and incorporated to improve well performance analysis.
摘要:
An oil well gas separator that includes a seating nipple for a downhole pump. An inner and outer barrel define a fluid passage and a separation annulus with the well casing. A separated well liquid passage is directly connected to the pump inlet to reduce dissolution of gas from the separated liquid. An isolation means is provided to isolate the separation annulus from the well casing fluids.
摘要:
An apparatus and process are provided for cracking hydrocarbons. Hot, cracked effluent is removed to a quench header where it is pre-quenched with an oil containing crackable components, e.g., 1000° F.+ (538° C.+) boiling range bottoms taken from a vapor/liquid separator, cracking the bottoms to more valuable products, e.g., steam crack naphtha. The overhead of the separator is fed to a cracker, and then quenched with a quenching oil.