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1.发明授权Method for processing echo sounding data collected from boreholes in the earth 失效处理从地球钻孔收集的回波测深数据的方法
公开(公告)号：US5200894A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-06
申请号：US552529
申请日：1990-07-16
IPC分类号： E21B47/04 , G01F23/296 , G01V1/137
CPC分类号： G01F23/2962 , E21B47/042 , G01V1/137
摘要： An echo sounding system includes an acoustic gun which is mounted to the wellhead of a borehole. The acoustic gun produces an acoustic pulse which is transmitted down the borehole. A tubing string is installed in the borehole and it has substantially evenly spaced collars. Fluid is pumped from the borehole, or well, by use of a reciprocating pump driven by a pump rod extending to the surface. The acoustic pulse produces reflections when it strikes the tubing collars and the surface of the fluid. A microphone detects the reflections to produce a return signal. This signal is digitized and stored. The digitized signal is processed to detect the rate of the collar reflections and the stored signal is narrowband filtered with a passband filter centered at the rate of receipt of the collars. Each cycle of the narrowband filtered signal corresponds to one collar reflection. In this signal, each cycle is counted, and extrapolation used when necessary to produce a collar count extending from the surface to the liquid surface. This is multiplied by the average joint length to produce the depth to the liquid surface. The system further detects the liquid level and displays it as a marker on the data signal. An operator can use the automatically determined marker or move it to another position. Finally, the operator is provided with optimum operating parameters for achieving maximum production from the well.
摘要翻译： 回波探测系统包括安装在钻孔井口的声枪。 声枪产生在井眼下传播的声脉冲。 管柱安装在钻孔中，并且具有基本上均匀间隔的套环。 流体通过使用由延伸到表面的泵杆驱动的往复泵从井眼或井中泵送。 当声脉冲撞击油管套和流体表面时，声脉冲产生反射。 麦克风检测反射以产生返回信号。 该信号被数字化并存储。 数字化信号被处理以检测套环反射的速率，并且存储的信号被以通过套圈的接收速率为中心的通带滤波器进行窄带滤波。 窄带滤波信号的每个周期对应于一个轴环反射。 在该信号中，对每个周期进行计数，并且在必要时进行外推以产生从表面延伸到液体表面的套圈数。 这被乘以平均关节长度以产生到液体表面的深度。 该系统进一步检测液面并将其显示为数据信号上的标记。 操作员可以使用自动确定的标记或将其移动到另一位置。 最后，为操作员提供最佳的操作参数，以实现井的最大生产。
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公开(公告)号：US5117399A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-26
申请号：US552465
申请日：1990-07-16
IPC分类号： E21B47/04 , G01F23/296 , G01S15/10
CPC分类号： G01F23/296 , E21B47/042 , G01S15/10
摘要： An echo sounding system includes a acoustic gun which is mounted to the wellhead of a borehole. The acoustic gun produces a acoustic pulse which is transmitted down the borehole. A tubing string is installed in the borehole and it has substantially evenly spaced collars. Fluid is pumped from the borehole, or well, by use of a reciprocating pump driven by a pump rod extending to the surface. Fluid is received from a surrounding formation and collects in the borehole. The acoustic pulse produces reflections when it strikes the tubing collars and the surface of the fluid. A microphone detects the reflections to produce a return signal. This signal is digitized and stored. The digitized signal is processed to detect the rate of the collar reflections and the stored signal is narrowband filtered with a passband filter centered at the rate of receipt of the collars. The data signal is further processed to determine the time of occurrence of the acoustic pulse and the liquid surface reflection. Each cycle of the narrowband filtered signal corresponds to one collar reflection. In this signal, each cycle is counted, and extrapolation used when necessary to produce a collar count extending from the surface to the liquid surface. This is multiplied by the average joint length to produce the depth to the liquid surface. The data signal and various well parameters and a schematic of the well are displayed for use by an operator. The system further detects the liquid level and displays it as a marker on the data signal. An operator can use the automatically determined marker or move it to another position. Finally, the operator is provided with optimum operating parameters for achieving maximum production from the well.
摘要翻译： 回波探测系统包括安装在钻孔井口的声枪。 声枪产生在井眼下传播的声脉冲。 管柱安装在钻孔中，并且具有基本上均匀间隔的套环。 流体通过使用由延伸到表面的泵杆驱动的往复泵从井眼或井中泵送。 流体从周围地层接收并收集在钻孔中。 当声脉冲撞击油管套和流体表面时，声脉冲产生反射。 麦克风检测反射以产生返回信号。 该信号被数字化并存储。 数字化信号被处理以检测套环反射的速率，并且存储的信号被以通过套圈的接收速率为中心的通带滤波器进行窄带滤波。 进一步处理数据信号以确定声脉冲和液面反射的发生时间。 窄带滤波信号的每个周期对应于一个轴环反射。 在该信号中，对每个周期进行计数，并且在必要时进行外推以产生从表面延伸到液体表面的套圈数。 这被乘以平均关节长度以产生到液体表面的深度。 数据信号和各种井参数以及井的示意图被显示供操作员使用。 该系统进一步检测液面并将其显示为数据信号上的标记。 操作员可以使用自动确定的标记或将其移动到另一位置。 最后，为操作员提供最佳的操作参数，以实现井的最大生产。
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公开(公告)号：US5464058A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US405736
申请日：1995-03-17
CPC分类号： F04B47/02 , E21B47/0008 , G01B7/12 , G01B7/16 , G01L5/0061 , F04B2201/121
摘要： In a pumping well, oil is normally lifted to the surface by a rod which extends from the surface to a downhole pump. A transducer is attached to the rod at the surface to sense the deformation, i.e., the change in diameter or circumference of the rod to determine change in rod loading. The transducer includes strain gauges which produce output signals proportional to the change in the diameter or circumference of the rod which occurs due to changes in load on the rod. The transducer may also include an accelerometer. The change in load on the polished rod over a pump cycle is used in conjunction with data produced by the accelerometer to calculate a downhole card. The downhole card showing change in pump load is adjusted to reflect absolute rod load by determining an appropriate offset. Various ways to determine the offset are available. Since the pump plunger load is zero on the downstroke when the traveling valve is open, the value necessary to correct the calculated minimum pump value to a zero load condition may be used as the offset. The offset can also be estimated by either a calculation of the rod weight, a predetermined rod weight measurement or an estimated load value by the operator.
摘要翻译： 在抽油井中，油通常通过从表面延伸到井下泵的杆将其提升到表面。 传感器在表面处连接到杆上以感测变形，即杆的直径或圆周的变化，以确定杆负载的变化。 换能器包括应变计，其产生与杆的直径或圆周的变化成比例的输出信号，其由于杆上的负载变化而发生。 换能器还可以包括加速度计。 泵循环上抛光棒上的负载变化与加速度计产生的数据结合使用，以计算井下卡。 通过确定适当的偏移，调整显示泵载荷变化的井下卡，以反映绝对的杆载荷。 可以使用各种确定偏移量的方法。 由于在行程阀打开时，下冲程中的泵柱塞负载为零，所以将计算出的最小泵值修正为零负载条件所需的值可以用作偏移量。 偏移量也可以通过计算杆重量，预定的杆重量测量值或操作者的估计负载值来估计。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for measuring pumping rod position and other aspects of a pumping system by use of an accelerometer 失效用于通过使用加速度计来测量泵送位置和泵送系统的其它方面的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5406482A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US808578
申请日：1991-12-17
申请人： James N. McCoy , Jerry B. West , Augusto L. Podio
发明人： James N. McCoy , Jerry B. West , Augusto L. Podio
CPC分类号： E21B47/0008 , E21B43/127 , E21B47/00
摘要： An oil well pumping unit has a walking beam which raises and lowers a rod connected to a downhole pump. To perform well analysis, it is desirable to know the position of the rod during the stroke. An accelerometer is mounted on the pumping system unit to move in conjunction with the rod. An output signal from the accelerometer is digitized and provided to a portable computer. The computer processes the digitized accelerometer signal to integrate it to first produce a velocity data set and second produce a position data set. Operations are carried out to modify the signal and produce a position trace with stroke markers to indicate positions of the rod during its cyclical operation.
摘要翻译： 油井泵送单元具有步进梁，其升高并降低连接到井下泵的杆。 为了进行良好的分析，期望知道在行程中杆的位置。 加速度计安装在泵系统单元上以与杆一起移动。 来自加速度计的输出信号被数字化并提供给便携式计算机。 计算机处理数字化加速度计信号以将其整合以首先产生速度数据集，并且第二产生位置数据集。 执行操作以修改信号并产生具有行程标记的位置轨迹，以指示杆在其循环操作期间的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US5589633A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-31
申请号：US418378
申请日：1995-04-07
申请人： James N. McCoy , Jerry B. West , Augusto L. Podio
发明人： James N. McCoy , Jerry B. West , Augusto L. Podio
CPC分类号： E21B47/0008 , E21B43/127 , E21B47/00
摘要： An oil well pumping unit has a walking beam which raises and lowers a rod connected to a downhole pump. To perform well analysis, it is desirable to know the position of the rod during the stroke. An accelerometer is mounted on the pumping system unit to move in conjunction with the rod. An output signal from the accelerometer is digitized and provided to a portable computer. The computer processes the digitized accelerometer signal to integrate it to first produce a velocity data set and second produce a position data set. Operations are carried out to modify the signal and produce a position trace with stroke markers to indicate positions of the rod during its cyclical operation.
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06634426B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-21
申请号：US09999024
申请日：2001-10-31
IPC分类号： E21B4700
CPC分类号： E21B43/121 , E21B47/0007 , E21B47/091 , Y10T137/776 , Y10T137/86461
摘要： Plunger lift operations are difficult to optimize due to lack of knowledge of tubing pressure, casing pressure, bottom-hole pressure, liquid accumulation in the tubing and location of the plunger. Monitoring the plunger position in the tubing helps the operator (or controller) to optimize the removal of liquids and gas from the well. The plunger position can be tracked from the surface by monitoring acoustic signals generated as the plunger falls down the tubing. When the plunger passes by a tubing collar recess, an acoustic pulse is generated that travels up the gas within the tubing. The acoustic pulses are monitored at the surface, and are converted to an electrical signal by a microphone. The signal is digitized, and the digitized data is stored in a computer. Software processes this data along with the tubing and casing pressure data to display plunger depth, plunger velocity and well pressures vs. time. Plunger arrival at the liquid level in the tubing and plunger arrival at the bottom of the tubing are identified on the time plots. Inflow performance is calculated. Software displays the data and analysis in several formats including a graphical representation of the well showing the tubing and casing pressures, plunger location, gas and liquid volumes and flow rates in the tubing and annulus, and inflow performance relationship at operator selected periodic intervals throughout the cycle. Several field cases are presented to show how this information is applied to optimization of plunger lift operations.
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公开(公告)号：US5653286A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-05
申请号：US440217
申请日：1995-05-12
申请人： James N. McCoy , Augusto L. Podio
发明人： James N. McCoy , Augusto L. Podio
CPC分类号： E21B43/38
摘要： A downhole gas separator is connected to the lower end of a tubing string. The separator includes a tubular body which has a decentralizer mounted to one side for driving the opposite side of the separator against an interior wall of the casing. This creates a narrow flow zone between the separator body and the adjacent casing wall and a wider flow zone on the decentralizer side of the body. A fluid inlet is provided on the side of the gas separator tubular body facing the narrow flow zone. The fluid in the narrow flow zone has a substantially higher concentration of liquid than the fluid in the wider flow zone. Fluid, primarily liquid, flows through the fluid inlet into a chamber within the separator. A dip tube transfers the fluid from the separator chamber to the pump.
摘要翻译： 井下气体分离器连接到油管柱的下端。 分离器包括管状体，其具有安装在一侧的分散器，用于将隔板的相对侧抵靠在壳体的内壁上。 这在分离器主体和相邻外壳壁之间产生窄流动区域，并且在主体的分散器侧上形成更宽的流动区域。 流体入口设置在气体分离器管状体的面对窄流动区域的一侧。 窄流动区域中的流体具有比较宽流动区域中的流体显着更高的液体浓度。 主要是液体的流体流过流体入口进入分离器内的室。 汲取管将流体从分离器室传送到泵。
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公开(公告)号：US06705403B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-16
申请号：US10216703
申请日：2002-08-08
IPC分类号： E21B4312
CPC分类号： E21B43/38 , E21B43/122 , E21B43/124 , E21B43/128 , E21B43/129
摘要： A production system and method for producing fluids from a well are presented. The production system may include a submersible pump and a jet pump. The submersible pump may be arranged within the well. The jet pump may be arranged within the well downstream of the submersible pump. The jet pump may include a power fluid intake configured to receive a power fluid and a produced fluid intake configured to receive a produced fluid. The power fluid intake may be in fluid communication with the submersible pump. The produced fluid intake may be in fluid communication with gas within the well. In an embodiment, the produced fluid intake may be in fluid communication with separated gas within an annulus of the well. Beneficially, the system may allow, among other things, a submersible pump and a jet pump to be used in combination in high gas-liquid-ratio wells without installing a gas vent line.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种从井中生产流体的生产系统和方法。 生产系统可以包括潜水泵和喷射泵。 潜水泵可以布置在井内。 喷射泵可以布置在潜水泵下游的井内。 喷射泵可以包括被配置为接收动力流体的功率流体入口和构造成接收所产生的流体的产生的流体入口。 动力流体进口可能与潜水泵流体连通。 产生的流体进口可以与井内的气体流体连通。 在一个实施例中，所产生的流体进口可以与井的环形空间内的分离的气体流体连通。 有利的是，该系统可以允许潜水泵和喷射泵组合在高气液比孔中而不安装排气管线。
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公开(公告)号：US06497287B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-24
申请号：US09589608
申请日：2000-06-07
IPC分类号： E21B4312
CPC分类号： E21B43/38 , E21B43/122 , E21B43/124 , E21B43/128 , E21B43/129
摘要： A production system and method for producing fluids from a well are presented. The production system may include a submersible pump and a jet pump. The submersible pump may be arranged within the well. The jet pump may be arranged within the well downstream of the submersible pump. The jet pump may include a power fluid intake configured to receive a power fluid and a produced fluid intake configured to receive a produced fluid. The power fluid intake may be in fluid communication with the submersible pump. The produced fluid intake may be in fluid communication with gas within the well. In an embodiment, the produced fluid intake may be in fluid communication with separated gas within an annulus of the well. Beneficially, the system may allow, among other things, a submersible pump and a jet pump to be used in combination in high gas-liquid-ratio wells without installing a gas vent line.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种从井中生产流体的生产系统和方法。 生产系统可以包括潜水泵和喷射泵。 潜水泵可以布置在井内。 喷射泵可以布置在潜水泵下游的井内。 喷射泵可以包括被配置为接收动力流体的功率流体入口和构造成接收所产生的流体的产生的流体入口。 动力流体进口可能与潜水泵流体连通。 产生的流体进口可以与井内的气体流体连通。 在一个实施例中，所产生的流体进口可以与井的环形空间内的分离的气体流体连通。 有利的是，该系统可以允许潜水泵和喷射泵组合在高气液比孔中而不安装排气管线。
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