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71.发明授权Method and apparatus for determining halftone line frequency estimates using MIN/MAX detection 失效使用MIN / MAX检测确定半色调线频率估计的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06734991B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-11
申请号：US09405928
申请日：1999-09-24
申请人： Stuart A. Schweid
发明人： Stuart A. Schweid
IPC分类号： H04N1405
CPC分类号： H04N1/40075 , H04N1/40062
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for determining a halftone line screen frequency estimate f at a pixel of interest in an image formed of a plurality of pixels arranged in a regular array of rows and columns. A first single dimensional line screen frequency estimate fH is determined based on video values of a first set of pixels in a row of pixels in the scanned image. Next, a second single dimensional line screen frequency estimate fV is determined based on video values of a second set of pixels in a column of pixels in the scanned image. A two-dimensional halftone line screen frequency estimate f is calculated at each pixel of interest based on a norm of the first single dimensional line screen frequency estimate fH and on the second single dimensional line screen frequency estimate fV. A halftone line screen angle estimate a is calculated at each pixel of interest based on an arctangent of the ratio between the first and second single dimensional line screen frequency estimates. Maxima and minima (MIN/MAX) extrema peak detection is used in fastscan and slowscan directions to determine the first and second single dimensional frequency estimates. False peak detection is prevented in the MIN/MAX detection scheme.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于确定由以行和列的规则阵列排列的多个像素形成的图像中感兴趣的像素处的半色调线屏幕频率估计f。 基于扫描图像中的一行像素中的第一组像素的视频值确定第一单维线屏幕频率估计fH。 接下来，基于扫描图像中的像素列中的第二组像素的视频值来确定第二单维线屏幕频率估计fV。 基于第一单维线屏幕频率估计fH的范数和第二单维线屏幕频率估计值fV，在感兴趣的每个像素处计算二维半色调线屏幕频率估计f。 基于第一和第二单线屏幕频率估计之间的比值的反正切，在每个感兴趣的像素处计算半色调线屏幕角度估计a。 最大和最小（MIN / MAX）极值峰值检测用于快速扫描和慢扫描方向，以确定第一和第二单维频率估计。 在MIN / MAX检测方案中防止了伪峰检测。
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72.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06549658B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09010371
申请日：1998-01-21
申请人： Stuart A. Schweid , Jeng-Nan Shiau
发明人： Stuart A. Schweid , Jeng-Nan Shiau
IPC分类号： G06K934
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062 , G06K9/00456
摘要： A system and method classify a pixel of image data as one of a plurality of image types. A first image characteristic value for the pixel, a second image characteristic value for the pixel, a third image characteristic value for the pixel, and a fourth image characteristic for the pixel is determined. Some of these determinations may be resolution dependent. The values from these determination are utilized in assigning an image type classification to the pixel. Moreover, if at least one of the image characteristic values is greater than a predetermined threshold value the pixel is classified as a halftone peak value. The system includes a plurality of microclassifiers for determining a distinct image characteristic value of the pixel; a plurality of macroreduction circuits connected to the plurality of microclassifiers for performing further higher level operations upon the distinct image characteristic values of the pixel to produce reduced values; and a classification circuit to classify the pixel as an image type based on the reduced values from the macroreduction circuits. The system also includes a circuit to detect flat peaks without detecting multiple peaks and a rectangular blur filtering system.
摘要翻译： 系统和方法将图像数据的像素分类为多个图像类型之一。 确定像素的第一图像特征值，像素的第二图像特征值，像素的第三图像特征值和用于像素的第四图像特性。 这些确定中的一些可能取决于分辨率。 来自这些确定的值被用于为像素分配图像类型分类。 此外，如果图像特征值中的至少一个大于预定阈值，则将像素分类为半色调峰值。 该系统包括用于确定像素的不同图像特征值的多个微分类器; 连接到所述多个微分类器的多个宏观还原电路，用于根据所述像素的不同图像特征值进行更高级的操作以产生减小的值; 以及分类电路，用于基于来自大致减小电路的减小值将像素分类为图像类型。 该系统还包括用于检测平坦峰而不检测多个峰的电路和矩形模糊滤波系统。
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73.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06252680B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09004351
申请日：1998-01-08
IPC分类号： H04N138
CPC分类号： H04N1/409 , H04N1/38 , H04N1/4097
摘要： A system and method which enables the location and orientation of an image to be determined without introducing scanning artifacts into the rendered image. The system utilizes a separate set of sensors on a scanning bar that are sensitive to a wavelength of light outside the range of wavelengths of the typical sensors found on the scanning bar, such as red, green, or blue. Moreover, the system includes a light source which is capable of emitting the wavelength of light that is outside this range of wavelength of light. Thus, whenever the additional set of sensors detect light, the system would determine that the light was due to a scanning artifact, such as a hole, rip, or dog ear in the original document being scanned. Furthermore, the system would include a process which measures the variations of the image signal in the fastscan and slowscan directions, as well as, the gray level of the video signal from these various measurements, the system would develop a cost value as to the certainty as whether the signal represents a scanning artifact. In such a system, the backing or cover would be embedded with a pattern which would have a predetermined variation in a fastscan direction but have little or no variation in a slowscan direction.
摘要翻译： 一种使得能够确定图像的位置和方位而不将扫描伪影引入到渲染图像中的系统和方法。 该系统在扫描杆上使用对扫描条上发现的典型传感器波长范围（例如红色，绿色或蓝色）的波长波长敏感的扫描条上的一组单独的传感器。 此外，该系统包括能够发射在该波长范围之外的光的波长的光源。 因此，每当附加的传感器组检测到光时，系统将确定光是由于扫描原件造成的，例如正在扫描的原稿中的孔，裂纹或狗耳等扫描伪影。 此外，该系统将包括测量图像信号在快扫和慢扫描方向上的变化的过程以及来自这些各种测量的视频信号的灰度级，系统将产生关于确定性的成本值 作为信号是否表示扫描伪像。 在这种系统中，背衬或盖子将嵌入一种图案，该图案将在快速扫描方向上具有预定的变化，但在慢扫描方向上几乎没有或没有变化。
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74.发明授权Method and system for classifying a halftone pixel based on noise injected halftone frequency estimation 有权基于噪声注入半色调频率估计对半色调像素进行分类的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US06185336B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09159021
申请日：1998-09-23
IPC分类号： G06K962
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062 , G06T7/11 , G06T7/168 , G06T2207/10016 , G06T2207/30176
摘要： A system and method electronically image process a pixel belonging to a set of digital image data with respect to a membership of the pixel in a plurality of image classes. This process uses fuzzy classification to determine a membership value for the pixel for each image classes and generates an effect tag for the pixel based on the fuzzy classification determination. The pixel is image processed based on the membership vector of the pixel. The determination of the membership value also includes the determination of the halftone frequency of the pixel. The present process injects random noise into the frequency estimate before classification to avoid having a sharp shift in the pixel classification population as the ripple in the frequency microclassifier crosses the quantization threshold.
摘要翻译： 一种系统和方法电子图像处理属于一组数字图像数据的像素相对于多个图像类别中的像素的隶属度。 该过程使用模糊分类来确定每个图像类别的像素的隶属度值，并且基于模糊分类确定为像素生成效应标签。 基于像素的隶属矢量对像素进行图像处理。 隶属度值的确定还包括确定像素的半色调频率。 本方法在分类之前将随机噪声注入到频率估计中，以避免在频率微分类器中的纹波与量化阈值相交时，在像素分类群体中具有尖锐的偏移。
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75.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06181829B2
公开(公告)日：2001-01-30
申请号：US09010331
申请日：1998-01-21
IPC分类号： G06K940
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062
摘要： A system and method classify a pixel of image data as one of a plurality of image types. A first image characteristic value for the pixel, a second image characteristic value for the pixel ,a third image characteristic value for the pixel, and a fourth image characteristic for the pixel is determined. Some of these determinations may be resolution dependent. The values from these determination are utilized in assigning an image type classification to the pixel. Moreover, if at least one of the image characteristic values is greater than a predetermined threshold value the pixel is classified as a halftone peak value. The system includes a plurality of microclassifiers for determining a distinct image characteristic value of the pixel; a plurality of macroreduction circuits connected to the plurality of microclassifiers for performing further higher level operations upon the distinct image characteristic values of the pixel to produce reduced values; and a classification circuit to classify the pixel as an image type based on the reduced values from the macroreduction circuits. The system also includes a circuit to detect flat peaks without detecting multiple peaks and a rectangular blur filtering system.
摘要翻译： 系统和方法将图像数据的像素分类为多个图像类型之一。 确定像素的第一图像特征值，像素的第二图像特征值，像素的第三图像特征值和用于像素的第四图像特性。 这些确定中的一些可能取决于分辨率。 来自这些确定的值被用于为像素分配图像类型分类。 此外，如果图像特征值中的至少一个大于预定阈值，则将像素分类为半色调峰值。 该系统包括用于确定像素的不同图像特征值的多个微分类器; 连接到所述多个微分类器的多个宏观还原电路，用于根据所述像素的不同图像特征值进行更高级的操作以产生减小的值; 以及分类电路，用于基于来自大致减小电路的减小值将像素分类为图像类型。 该系统还包括用于检测平坦峰而不检测多个峰的电路和矩形模糊滤波系统。
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76.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US06122393A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US4186
申请日：1998-01-08
CPC分类号： H04N1/409 , H04N1/38 , H04N1/4097
摘要： A system and method which enables the location and orientation of an image to be determined without introducing scanning artifacts into the rendered image. The system utilizes a separate set of sensors on a scanning bar that are sensitive to a wavelength of light outside the range of wavelengths of the typical sensors found on the scanning bar, such as red, green, or blue. Moreover, the system includes a light source which is capable of emitting the wavelength of light that is outside this range of wavelength of light. Thus, whenever the additional set of sensors detect light, the system would determine that the light was due to a scanning artifact, such as a hole, rip, or dog ear in the original document being scanned. Furthermore, the system would include a process which measures the variations of the image signal in the fastscan and slowscan directions, as well as, the gray level of the video signal from these various measurements, the system would develop a cost value as to the certainty as whether the signal represents a scanning artifact. In such a system, the backing would be embedded with a pattern which would have a predetermined variation in a fastscan direction but have little or no variation in a slowscan direction.
摘要翻译： 一种使得能够确定图像的位置和方位而不将扫描伪影引入到渲染图像中的系统和方法。 该系统在扫描杆上使用对扫描条上发现的典型传感器波长范围（例如红色，绿色或蓝色）的波长波长敏感的扫描条上的一组单独的传感器。 此外，该系统包括能够发射在该波长范围之外的光的波长的光源。 因此，每当附加的传感器组检测到光时，系统将确定光是由于扫描原件造成的，例如正在扫描的原稿中的孔，裂纹或狗耳等扫描伪影。 此外，该系统将包括测量图像信号在快扫和慢扫描方向上的变化的过程以及来自这些各种测量的视频信号的灰度级，系统将产生关于确定性的成本值 作为信号是否表示扫描伪像。 在这样的系统中，背衬将被嵌入具有在快扫方向上具有预定变化但在慢扫描方向上几乎没有或没有变化的图案。
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公开(公告)号：US6078051A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-20
申请号：US4350
申请日：1998-01-08
CPC分类号： H04N1/38 , G01N21/3563 , G01N21/8851 , H04N1/00795 , G01N21/33 , G01N21/35
摘要： A system and method which enables the location and orientation of an image to be determined without introducing scanning artifacts into the rendered image. The system utilizes a separate set of sensors on a scanning bar that are sensitive to a wavelength of light outside the range of wavelengths of the typical sensors found on the scanning bar, such as red, green, or blue. Moreover, the system includes a light source which is capable of emitting the wavelength of light that is outside this range of wavelength of light. Thus, whenever the additional set of sensors detect light, the system would determine that the light was due to a scanning artifact, such as a hole, rip, or dog ear in the original document being scanned. Furthermore, the system would include a process which measures the variations of the image signal in the fastscan and slowscan directions, as well as, the gray level of the video signal from these various measurements, the system would develop a cost value as to the certainty as whether the signal represents a scanning artifact. In such a system, the backing would be embedded with a pattern which would have a predetermined variation in a fastscan direction but have little or no variation in a slowscan direction.
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公开(公告)号：US06061143A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US62403
申请日：1998-04-20
CPC分类号： H04N1/4055 , H04N1/4052
摘要： A system and method for processing image data converts a pixel of image data having a first resolution to a plurality of subpixels, the plurality of subpixels representing a second resolution, the second resolution being higher than the first resolution. The plurality of subpixels are thresholded to generate a group of subpixel values for each pixel and a threshold error value. It is then determined if the group of subpixel values from the thresholding process produce a pattern containing an isolated subpixel. If the group of subpixel values from the thresholding process produce a pattern containing an isolated subpixel, the group of subpixel vales is modified to produce a pattern without an isolated subpixel. The modification process produces a subpixel error value which is compensated for localized error before being diffused to adjacent pixels.
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公开(公告)号：US5378975A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-03
申请号：US995645
申请日：1992-12-18
摘要： A method for measuring the position of a stepping motor by generating a signal representative of the back electromotive force induced by the rotor in the coils of the motor, and estimating the actual position of the rotor from the signal representative of the back electromotive force induced by the rotor.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过产生表示由电动机的线圈中的转子引起的反电动势的信号来测量步进电动机的位置的方法，并且根据由代表由电动机所引起的反电动势的信号估计转子的实际位置 转子。
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