公开(公告)号：US20100329683A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-30

申请号：US12495779

申请日：2009-06-30

申请人： Xiang Liu

发明人： Xiang Liu

IPC分类号： H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04B10/2513 ,  H04B10/548 ,  H04J14/002 ,  H04L27/2697

摘要： Digital compensation of chromatic dispersion (CD) effect experienced by optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal in fiber transmission is provided in the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform/Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (FFT/IFFT) pair with equal length of digital samples prior to OFDM receiver signal processing, wherein the equal length is larger than the length of a FFT used for OFDM subcarrier demultiplexing of the received signal. The OFDM signal processing is independent of fiber CD, so small guard-interval (GI) can still be used to achieve high spectral efficiency even under the experience of large CD. The GI need only to be large enough to accommodate other effects such as polarization-mode dispersion. The length of an IFFT used for OFDM subcarrier multiplexing, as well as the FFT for OFDM demultiplexing can be sufficiently small so subcarrier spacing is sufficiently large to tolerate typical frequency offsets between the transmitter laser and the optical local oscillator.

摘要翻译： 在频域中使用具有相同长度的快速傅里叶变换/快速傅里叶逆变换（FFT / IFFT）对提供光纤传输中的光正交频分复用（OFDM）信号所经历的色散（CD）效应的数字补偿 在OFDM接收机信号处理之前的数字样本，其中相等的长度大于用于接收信号的OFDM子载波解复用的FFT的长度。 OFDM信号处理与光纤CD无关，因此即使在大CD的经验下，仍然可以使用小的保护间隔（GI）来实现高的频谱效率。 GI仅需要足够大以适应诸如偏振模色散的其他效果。 用于OFDM子载波多路复用的IFFT的长度以及用于OFDM解复用的FFT可以足够小，使得子载波间隔足够大以容忍发射机激光器和光学本地振荡器之间的典型频率偏移。

公开(公告)号：US20100326645A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-30

申请号：US12877412

申请日：2010-09-08

申请人： Wei Fan ,  Xiang Liu ,  John Mariner

发明人： Wei Fan ,  Xiang Liu ,  John Mariner

IPC分类号： F28F7/00

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  F28F3/02 ,  F28F21/02 ,  F28F2013/006 ,  H01L23/367 ,  H01L23/3672 ,  H01L23/3677 ,  H01L23/373 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A thermally conductive laminate comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and a performance layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The performance layer comprising thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) and vias. The TPG board surface and the vias may be at least partially filled with a material comprising at least one of thermally conductive epoxy, soldering metal/alloy or brazing metal/alloy. In addition, the thermally conductive laminate may not contain a framing structure surrounding the performance layer.

摘要翻译： 一种导热层压板，包括第一基板，第二基板和设置在第一基板和第二基板之间的性能层。 性能层包括热解石墨（TPG）和通孔。 TPG板表面和通孔可以至少部分地填充有包括导热环氧树脂，焊接金属/合金或钎焊金属/合金中的至少一种的材料。 此外，导热层压体可以不包含围绕性能层的框架结构。

公开(公告)号：US07702246B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-20

申请号：US11161711

申请日：2005-08-13

申请人： Xiang Liu ,  Yannick Keith Lize ,  Xing Wei

发明人： Xiang Liu ,  Yannick Keith Lize ,  Xing Wei

IPC分类号： H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 ,  H04Q11/0066 ,  H04Q2011/0041

摘要： An optical label-switching method and apparatus in which a payload signal is modulated on an optical carrier through differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) by a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), and a label signal is imposed on the DPSK signal by the same MZM through an optical amplitude change effected by modulating the DPSK drive signal or MZM bias.

摘要翻译： 一种光标签切换方法和装置，其中有效载荷信号通过差分相移键控（DPSK）通过马赫 - 策德尔调制器（MZM）在光载波上进行调制，标签信号由DPSK信号施加于 通过调制DPSK驱动信号或MZM偏置影响的光振幅变化，使MZM相同。

公开(公告)号：US20100046948A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12194241

申请日：2008-08-19

申请人： Andrew Roman Chraplyvy ,  Xiang Liu ,  Chandrasekhar Sethumadhavan

发明人： Andrew Roman Chraplyvy ,  Xiang Liu ,  Chandrasekhar Sethumadhavan

IPC分类号： H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04B10/677

摘要： Apparatus and methods are provided for receiving differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) optical signals subjected to tight optical filtering, such as may be experienced by 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s channels in a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) communications system with 50 GHz channel spacing. An optical DPSK receiver is described which employs an optical delay interferometer (ODI) demodulator having a free spectral range (FSR) that is larger than the symbol rate (SR) of the DPSK signal to be demodulated. The receiver includes means for introducing an additional power imbalance between the outputs of the ODI demodulator, and the additional power imbalance may be related to the ratio of FSR to SR. The additional power imbalance increases the signal tolerance to tight optical filtering, thereby achieving high spectral efficiency in applications such as DWDM.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于接收经受紧密光学滤波的差分相移键控（DPSK）光信号的装置和方法，例如在密集波分复用（DWDM）通信系统中可能经历40Gb / s和100Gb / s信道 具有50GHz信道间隔。 描述了一种光学DPSK接收机，其采用具有大于待解调的DPSK信号的符号速率（SR）的自由频谱范围（FSR）的光学延迟干涉仪（ODI）解调器。 接收机包括用于在ODI解调器的输出之间引入附加功率不平衡的装置，并且附加功率不平衡可以与FSR与SR的比率有关。 额外的功率不平衡增加了对严格光学滤波的信号容限，从而在诸如DWDM的应用中实现高频谱效率。

公开(公告)号：US20090324223A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-31

申请号：US12215741

申请日：2008-06-30

申请人： Xiang Liu

发明人： Xiang Liu

IPC分类号： H04J14/06

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/022 ,  H04L25/0228

摘要： System, apparatus and method of optical communication are provided for performing channel estimation for an optical OFDM system by utilizing correlated dual-polarization training symbols (CDPTS) to offer high system tolerance to fiber nonlinear effects such as cross-phase modulation (XPM) among wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channels. An exemplary method includes receiving a pair of dual-polarization or polarization-multiplexed training symbols in an optical polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal, and performing channel estimation to obtain an estimated channel matrix for at least a first of a plurality of subcarriers of the PDM-OFDM signal. Channel compensation is performed based on the estimated channel matrix for at least the first subcarrier of the OFDM signal and symbols then decoded.

摘要翻译： 提供了光通信的系统，装置和方法，用于通过利用相关的双极化训练符号（CDPTS）来对光OFDM系统进行信道估计，以提供对光纤非线性效应（例如波长之间的交叉相位调制（XPM））的高系统容限 （WDM）通道。 一种示例性方法包括在光偏振分复用（PDM）正交频分复用（OFDM）信号中接收一对双偏振或偏振复用训练符号，并执行信道估计以获得至少至少的估计信道矩阵 PDM-OFDM信号的多个子载波中的第一个。 基于OFDM信号的至少第一子载波的估计信道矩阵进行信道补偿，然后进行解码。

公开(公告)号：US07623796B2

公开(公告)日：2009-11-24

申请号：US11307899

申请日：2006-02-27

申请人： Xiang Liu

发明人： Xiang Liu

IPC分类号： H04B10/06

CPC分类号： H04B10/66

摘要： A data-aided, multi-symbol phase estimation (MSPE) scheme is described for improving receiver sensitivity in the direct-detection of optical differential multi-level phase-shift keying (ODmPSK) signals including optical differential quadrature phase-shift keying (ODQPSK) signals, ODQPSK signals with amplitude shift keying (ODQPSK+ASK), optical differential 8-level phase-shift keying (OD8PSK) signals with eight phase levels, and optical differential phase-shift keying signals with more than eight phase levels. The use of data-aided MSPE substantially reduces the “differential detection penalty,” with receiver sensitivity approaching that of coherent detection schemes.

摘要翻译： 描述了数据辅助的多符号相位估计（MSPE）方案，用于在包括光学差分正交相移键控（ODQPSK）的光差分多电平相移键控（ODMPSK）信号的直接检测中提高接收机灵敏度， 信号，具有幅移键控（ODQPSK + ASK）的ODQPSK信号，具有八个相位电平的光差分8电平相移键控（OD8PSK）信号，以及具有八个以上相位电平的光差分相移键控信号。 数据辅助MSPE的使用大大降低了接收机灵敏度接近相干检测方案的“差分检测损失”。

公开(公告)号：US20090086215A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-02

申请号：US11865035

申请日：2007-09-30

申请人： Xiang Liu ,  Chandrasekhar Sethumadhavan

发明人： Xiang Liu ,  Chandrasekhar Sethumadhavan

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： H04B10/676 ,  H04J14/06 ,  H04L27/2331

摘要： An apparatus and method for detecting a PMUX multilevel DPSK signal having at least two polarization components with equal symbol periods, which comprises utilizing two polarization-independent Optical Delay Interferometers (ODIs), detecting the four outputs of the two ODIs with two balanced detectors, and digitizing the two detected electronic signals at a sampling rate of twice the symbol rate of the said polarization component signals.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测具有相同符号周期的至少两个偏振分量的PMUX多电平DPSK信号的装置和方法，其包括利用两个偏振无关的光学延迟干涉仪（ODI），用两个平衡检测器检测两个ODI的四个输出，以及 以所述偏振分量信号的符号率的两倍的采样率对两个检测到的电子信号进行数字化。

公开(公告)号：US07509404B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-24

申请号：US09800115

申请日：2001-03-05

申请人： Alok Agrawal ,  Ramkumar Venketaramani ,  Leslie Bruce Lowenthal ,  Lawrence Jacobs ,  Xiang Liu ,  Shehzaad Nakhoda ,  Zheng Zeng ,  Rajiv Mishra

发明人： Alok Agrawal ,  Ramkumar Venketaramani ,  Leslie Bruce Lowenthal ,  Lawrence Jacobs ,  Xiang Liu ,  Shehzaad Nakhoda ,  Zheng Zeng ,  Rajiv Mishra

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： G06F17/30902

摘要： A method of servicing a request for a document over a computer network includes independently caching portions of pages called blocks. Each block includes a reference to a data source and code that is adapted to access the data source and to format the data accessed from the data source. When a request for a page is received over a computer network, one or more of the plurality of blocks defined in the script of the requested document may be retrieved from a cache memory. Any block that is not found in the cache memory is dynamically generated and a copy thereof is stored in the cache memory. The requested page may then be assembled from the page blocks retrieved from the cache memory and/or the dynamically generated page blocks.

公开(公告)号：US20080288182A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-20

申请号：US11945985

申请日：2007-11-27

申请人： Richard L. Cline ,  Xiang Liu ,  Gregory M. Sanger ,  Charles E. Smith ,  Xin Zhou

发明人： Richard L. Cline ,  Xiang Liu ,  Gregory M. Sanger ,  Charles E. Smith ,  Xin Zhou

IPC分类号： G01N33/22 ,  G01N21/25

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/027 ,  G01J3/4338 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N33/225 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G01N2021/8578 ,  G01N2291/02809 ,  G01N2291/02836 ,  G01N2291/02881

摘要： Thermodynamic properties of a natural gas stream can be determined in real time utilizing modeling algorithms in conjunction with one or more sensors for quantifying physical and chemical properties of the natural gas. Related techniques, apparatus, systems, and articles are also described.

摘要翻译： 天然气流的热力学性质可以利用建模算法结合一个或多个传感器来实时确定，用于量化天然气的物理和化学性质。 还描述了相关技术，装置，系统和制品。

公开(公告)号：US20080255769A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-16

申请号：US12101890

申请日：2008-04-11

申请人： Xin Zhou ,  Xiang Liu ,  Alfred Feitisch ,  Gregory M. Sanger

发明人： Xin Zhou ,  Xiang Liu ,  Alfred Feitisch ,  Gregory M. Sanger

IPC分类号： G01N31/00 ,  B01D53/02

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01N2021/3545 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G01N2201/1215

摘要： A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

摘要翻译： 可以通过从样品吸收数据中减去设置的背景吸收数据，为样品吸收数据产生气体混合物中的反应气体的差分吸收光谱。 背景吸收数据可以是包括目标波长的激光扫描范围中背景组合物的吸收特性的特征。 使用校准数据可以将差示吸收光谱转换为测量的反应气体浓度。 可以确定背景组合物是否相对于背景吸收数据基本上改变，并且如果背景组合物已经基本上改变，则可以使用新的背景吸收数据。 还描述了相关系统，装置，方法和/或制品。