Abstract:
Apparatus and method for monitoring stress in a coating of material. The apparatus has a fluid-filled chamber and a deformable diaphragm on which the coating is applied forming a wall of the chamber, the fluid, which is generally incompressible, having a pressure due to pressing of the diaphragm against the fluid which is indicative of stress in the coating. The apparatus also includes a pressure transducer in communication with the fluid for sensing the fluid pressure and converting the fluid pressure to electrical signals whereby the electrical signals are indicative of the stress in the coating of material.
Abstract:
Force or pressure measuring device. Between a support member and a force or pressure introduction member elastomeric material is provided which strongly adheres to the two members and is in contact with at least one pressure sensor. With a preferred embodiment the support member is in a potlike form while the force or pressure introduction member is in the form of a piston received by the support member and forming a very narrow gap to the cylindrical surface thereof which gap is essentially completely filled by said elastomeric material.
Abstract:
An improved method of manufacturing a hydraulic load cell is provided, comprising a base, a sealing means, a cylinder comprising a ring member welded to the base and a cylinder tube member welded to the ring member, and a piston comprising a plate welded to a piston tube member, the piston being positioned inside the cylinder. Also provided is a self-centering column comprising means for tending to recenter the column in response to a lateral displacement.
Abstract:
Compression loading on pin 14 is determined by placing hydraulic jack 20 adjacent thereto. A voltage 40 is imposed between the base member 12 and the load member 10. Current flowing through the pin is detected 42. Hydraulic pressure in the jack is increased 28 until current flow through the pin stops. The pressure level at this point is determined 34.
Abstract:
A pressure transducer having two through holes extending in one direction and a additional two through holes in another direction in a detection block such that they cross each other. The transducer has a pressure receiving portion located in the center of the detection block and surrounded by the through holes, and a retaining portion located around the periphery of the detection block and surrounding the pressure receiving portion. The pressure receiving portion is connected to the retaining portion through parallel upper and lower thin wall portions which are formed continuously between the upper wall of the through holes and the upper surface of the detection block, and between the lower wall of the through holes and the lower surface of the detection block.
Abstract:
A wide-range load cell is installed within a press in line with the work load. The load cell measures the actual force applied to the load irrespective of any friction, binding or drag in the press mechanism. The sensitivity of the load cell is adjusted in order to provide an accurate measurement over a wide range of pressures. In some embodiments of the load cell the least sensitive of the pressure or traction bearing elements become active as the applied force approaches the maximum limit of the more sensitive element. In other embodiments of the invention the most sensitive of the pressure or traction sensing elements are switched out of operation as the applied force approaches their maximum limits. A hydraulic version of the load cell uses a combination of pressure-sensing transducers of different ranges and sensitivities. An alternate mechanical version of the load cell is based on a plurality of concentric force rings of different heights which are sequentially subject to the force of the press as the tallest and usually most sensitive amongst them are being deflected to the level of the next shortest cylinder.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for testing pressure applied to a smoking article is provided and is particularly useful in testing lip pressure applied to cigarettes. The system includes a pressure sensor adapted to be positioned on a predetermined portion of the smoking article that is to be subjected to external pressure. A pressure transducer is connected to the sensor. The output of the transducer responsive to the pressure applied to the smoking article and sensed by the sensor is displayed. Additionally, a method and apparatus for calibrating the pressure sensor is included. The calibration system includes a rigid enclosure and an elastomeric tube positioned in a recess in the enclosure and connected to a pressure regulator. The enclosure includes a recess conforming to the configuration of the smoking article with a pressure sensor mounted thereon and positioned so that the smoking article in the recess is in communication with the elastomeric tube so that when the tube is pressurized it exerts a measured contact stress on the smoking article and pressure sensor. Thus, the calibration can take place over a range of anticipated pressures.
Abstract:
A drilling rig load indicator for use on a mobile drilling rig of the type which is provided with means for applying a downward force to a drill string and bit and for applying a lifting force to raise the drill string and bit, and being further provided with a hydraulic pressure source which operates a plurality of hydraulic jacks to support and level the drilling rig. The drilling rig load indicator is composed of a hydraulic totalizer, a pressure indicator, and, a plurality of hydraulic pressure gauges. The hydraulic totalizer has an input side which is connected by means of conduits to the hydraulic jacks and an output side which represents the summation of the loads upon the hydraulic jacks. In the event that the conduits cannot be connected to the hydraulic jacks, the conduits may be connected to separate hydraulic load cells which are placed between the hydraulic jacks and the earth. The pressure indicator, which is connected to the output side of the totalizer, and is adapted to visually display the summation of the loads upon the hydraulic jacks or load cells, is provided with a dial face that has two sectors, one sector representing the amount of applied downward force, the other representing the amount of applied lifting force. The hydraulic pressure gauges are each connected to a hydraulic jack or load cell and are adapted to visually display the load thereupon.
Abstract:
A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAUGE INCLUDES A U-SHAPED TRANSPARENT TUBE HAVING LEGS AT ITS ENDS CONNECTED TO TWO IDENTICAL CLOSED PRESSURE RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS ENCLOSED IN CASINGS TO WHICH CONDUITS FROM TWO DIFFERENT PRESSURE SOURCES ARE CONNECTED. THE TUBE AND PRESSURE RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS ARE FILLED WITH TWO DIFFERENT FLUIDS MEETING AT A MENISCUS IN THE TUBE. A SCALE ADJACENT TO THE TUBE INDICATES THE POSITION OF THE MENISCUS AND PROVIDES A READING OF ANY CHANGE IN POSITION DUE TO CHANGE IN RELATIVE PRESSURES APPLIED TO THE TWO ELEMENTS. TWO IDENTICAL CLOSED EXPANSIBLE PRESSURE RESPONSIVE MEMBERS ARE CON-
NECTED TO THE TWO LEGS OF THE TUBE TO EXPAND AND CONTACT EQUALLY WHEN PRESSURE IN THE TUBE CHANGES. VOLUME ADJUSTMENT MEANS MAY BE CONNECTED TO THE TUBE FOR ADJUSTING RELATIVE VOLUMES OF THE FLUIDS IN THE TUBE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY DIFFERENCE IN THERMAL COEFFEIENTS OF EXPANSION OF THE FLUIDS IN THE TUBE.