公开(公告)号：US20020143979A1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-03

申请号：US10121813

申请日：2002-04-12

申请人： Microsoft Corporation

发明人： John R. Douceur ,  William J. Bolosky

IPC分类号： G06F015/16 ,  G06F017/30 ,  G06F007/00

CPC分类号： H04N21/2326 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L67/10 ,  H04L67/32 ,  Y10S707/99937

摘要： A distributed file server system has multiple data servers connected to stream data files continuously over a network to multiple clients. Each data server supports at least one storage device, such as a disk. Data files are distributed across the data servers so that data blocks of the data files are stored on each of the storage devices. The file server system has a scheduler located at each of the data servers to manage distributed portions of a schedule. Each data server sees a different portion of the schedule, but no one data server sees the whole schedule. The scheduler facilitates service of requested data streams from its corresponding data server according to a schedule portion that is available to the data server. The scheduler determines whether to insert a new data stream into the current slot it presently owns in its schedule portion, or to wait for a subsequent slot in the schedule. The scheduler follows a thrifty policy that attempts to maximize spacing of occupied slots as far apart as possible within the schedule, while minimizing the clustering of occupied slots. The scheduler also factors in a maximum acceptable slippage that dictates the highest number of slots that the scheduler is willing to slip in the schedule before starting the new data stream. The end result is an even distribution of the occupied slots within the schedule that reduces startup latency for late schedule insertion at the expense of slightly prolonging the startup latency of early schedule insertions.

摘要翻译： 分布式文件服务器系统具有多个数据服务器连接，可通过网络将数据文件连续流式传输到多个客户端。 每个数据服务器至少支持一个存储设备，如磁盘。 数据文件分布在数据服务器上，使数据文件的数据块存储在每个存储设备上。 文件服务器系统具有位于每个数据服务器处的调度器，以管理调度的分布式部分。 每个数据服务器看到调度的不同部分，但没有一个数据服务器看到整个调度。 调度器根据可用于数据服务器的调度部分便利来自其对应数据服务器的请求数据流的服务。 调度器确定是否将新数据流插入其当前在其调度部分中拥有的当前时隙，或者等待该调度中的后续时隙。 调度器遵循节俭策略，其尝试使占用时隙的间隔尽可能地在调度内尽可能远，同时最小化占用时隙的聚类。 调度程序还导致最大可接受的滑移，其指示在开始新数据流之前调度程序愿意在调度表中滑动的最大数量的时隙。 最终结果是在时间表内均匀分配占用的时隙，从而降低延迟进度插入的启动延迟，而代价是稍微延长早期安排插入的启动延迟。

公开(公告)号：US20020036856A1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-28

申请号：US09870065

申请日：2001-05-30

发明人： Johannes Henricus Maria Korst ,  Sebastian Egner

IPC分类号： G11B005/09 ,  G11B005/02

CPC分类号： H04N21/2326 ,  G11B27/002 ,  G11B2220/415

摘要： A system (100) has a storage medium (110) that contains a number of storage units (108). A multimedia title is stored in the storage medium (110) as a number of blocks, whereby some of the blocks are stored multiple times such that different storage units (108) contain a copy of that block. Retrieving blocks from the storage medium (110) for supply to a user is executed in cycles and the system has for some of the blocks the freedom to choose from which of the storage units (108) the block is retrieved in order to balance the load on the storage units (108). Furthermore, the system (100) is arranged to look ahead a number of cycles to determine what blocks in the near future are necessary and to retrieve these future blocks earlier if the storage units are not yet fully occupied. The additional freedom to schedule retrieval of a block at earlier moments in time provides a further mechanism to balance the load on the storage units.

摘要翻译： 系统（100）具有包含多个存储单元（108）的存储介质（110）。 多媒体标题作为多个块存储在存储介质（110）中，由此一些块被多次存储，使得不同的存储单元（108）包含该块的副本。 从存储介质（110）中提取用于提供给用户的块被执行为循环，并且系统使得某些块可以自由地选择从哪个存储单元（108）检索块，以便平衡负载 在存储单元（108）上。 此外，系统（100）被布置为向前看多个周期以确定在不久的将来是什么块是必需的，并且如果存储单元尚未完全占用，则更早地检索这些未来块。 在较早的时刻安排对块的检索的额外的自由度提供了平衡存储单元上的负载的另外的机制。

公开(公告)号：US06263411B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US08718279

申请日：1996-09-20

申请人： Ibrahim Kamel ,  Walid G. Aref ,  Rafael Alonso

发明人： Ibrahim Kamel ,  Walid G. Aref ,  Rafael Alonso

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： H04N21/2182 ,  H04N21/2315 ,  H04N21/2326 ,  H04N21/8456

摘要： A process is presented for supporting simultaneous disk read and write requests in a video server environment. Read requests are the result of movie viewing, while write requests are the result of video clip editing or movie authoring procedures. Due to real-time demands of movie viewing, read requests have to be fulfilled within certain deadlines, otherwise they are considered lost. Since the data to be written into disk is stored in main memory buffers, write requests can be postponed until critical read requests are processed. However, write requests still have to be proceeded within reasonable delays and without the possibility of indefinite postponement. This is due to the physical constraint of the limited size of the main memory write buffers. The new process schedules both read and write requests appropriately, to minimize the amount of disk reads that do not meet their presentation deadlines, and to avoid indefinite postponement and large buffer sizes in the case of disk writes.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种在视频服务器环境中支持同时进行磁盘读写请求的过程。 读取请求是电影观看的结果，而写入请求是视频剪辑编辑或电影创作过程的结果。 由于电影观看的实时需求，读取请求必须在一定的期限内完成，否则被认为是丢失的。 由于要写入磁盘的数据存储在主存储器缓冲区中，所以可以推迟写入请求，直到处理关键的读取请求为止。 但是，写入请求仍然需要在合理的延迟之内进行，并且不会无限期地推迟。 这是由于主存储器写入缓冲器的有限大小的物理约束。 新进程适当地调度读取和写入请求，以最大程度地减少不符合其演示截止时间的磁盘读取量，并避免在磁盘写入情况下无限期推迟和大型缓冲区大小。

公开(公告)号：US6138221A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-24

申请号：US993952

申请日：1997-12-18

申请人： Johannes H. M. Korst ,  Edzer Lawerman ,  Serverius P. P. Pronk ,  Giel Van Doren

发明人： Johannes H. M. Korst ,  Edzer Lawerman ,  Serverius P. P. Pronk ,  Giel Van Doren

IPC分类号： H04N5/00 ,  H04N7/173 ,  G06F12/00 ,  H04N7/10

CPC分类号： H04N21/2326 ,  H04N7/17336

摘要： In a system 100, such as a video-on-demand-server, a reader 180 reads data from a storage medium 110 and stores the read data in buffers 125. The data is supplied from the buffers 125 to users 130 for consumption in the form of a plurality of data streams. The data streams may be fixed rate or variable rate with an identical maximum consumption rate of R.sub.max data elements per second. The reader 180 is controlled by a scheduler 170. The scheduler 170 divides a predetermined period of t.sub.cycle seconds, wherein for each active data stream at least R.sub.max *t.sub.cycle data elements can be read from the storage medium, into n successive time intervals, each of t.sub.interval seconds. For each data stream a corresponding buffer 125 is reserved for storing at least R.sub.max *(n+1)*t.sub.interval data elements. The data is read from the storage medium 110 by repeatedly sweeping the storage medium 110 for a group of data streams. Immediately before causing the reader 180 to perform a next sweep, the scheduler 170 determines the composition of the next group of data streams to be supplied with data. At least data streams whose corresponding buffer 125 comprise less then R.sub.max *2*t.sub.interval data elements are assigned to this group.

摘要翻译： 在诸如视频点播服务器的系统100中，读取器180从存储介质110读取数据并将读取的数据存储在缓冲器125中。数据从缓冲器125提供给用户130，以便在 形式的多个数据流。 数据流可以是具有与Rmax数据元素每秒相同的最大消耗速率的固定速率或可变速率。 读取器180由调度器170控制。调度器170划分tcycle秒的预定周期，其中对于每个活动数据流，至少可以将Rmax * tcycle数据元素从存储介质读取成n个连续的时间间隔， tinterval秒。 对于每个数据流，相应的缓冲器125被保留用于至少存储Rmax *（n + 1）* tinterval数据元素。 通过对存储介质110反复扫描一组数据流，从存储介质110读取数据。 在使读取器180执行下一次扫描之前，调度器170立即确定要提供数据的下一组数据流的组成。 至少将其对应的缓冲器125包括少于Rmax * 2 * tinterval数据元素的数据流分配给该组。

公开(公告)号：US6061732A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-09

申请号：US70215

申请日：1998-04-30

申请人： Johannes H.M. Korst ,  Pascal F.A. Coumans

发明人： Johannes H.M. Korst ,  Pascal F.A. Coumans

IPC分类号： H04N5/93 ,  G06F3/06 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F17/30 ,  H04N5/00 ,  G06F15/16 ,  G06F3/00 ,  G06F3/023 ,  G06F12/00

CPC分类号： H04N21/2326 ,  G06F3/0611 ,  G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/0674

摘要： In an audio/video server blocks of data are read from a storage medium by a reader and supplied to users in the form of data streams. The storage medium comprises a plurality of record-carrier based storage units. A reader reads a batch of data units from a storage unit in a single relative movement of a reading head of the storage unit with respect to the record-carrier of the storage unit. A scheduler controls reading of blocks from the storage medium by determining from which storage unit(s) data unit(s) need to be read for the block and placing a corresponding carrier access request in a read queue. The scheduler extracts for each of the storage units a batch of carrier access requests from the queue and issues the batch to the reader in an asynchronous manner, in response to the reader having substantially completed reading data units for a previous batch for the storage unit.

摘要翻译： 在音频/视频服务器中，数据块由读取器从存储介质读取并以数据流的形式提供给用户。 存储介质包括多个基于记录载体的存储单元。 读取器在存储单元的读取头相对于存储单元的记录载体的单个相对移动中从存储单元读取一批数据单元。 调度器通过确定从哪个存储单元数据单元需要读取块并将对应的载波访问请求放置在读取队列中来控制从存储介质读取块。 调度器为每个存储单元提取来自队列的一批载波访问请求，并响应于读取器具有用于存储单元的先前批次的基本上完整的读取数据单元，以异步方式将批次发布给读取器。

公开(公告)号：US5915094A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-22

申请号：US866671

申请日：1997-06-02

申请人： Jack Lawrence Kouloheris ,  Manoj Kumar

发明人： Jack Lawrence Kouloheris ,  Manoj Kumar

IPC分类号： G06F12/00 ,  G06F3/06 ,  G06F13/00 ,  H04H20/76 ,  H04H60/27 ,  H04L12/18 ,  H04N5/765 ,  H04N5/93 ,  H04N7/173 ,  H04N21/2312 ,  H04N21/238 ,  H04N21/262 ,  G06F13/38 ,  G06F15/17

CPC分类号： H04N21/2326 ,  G06F3/0613 ,  G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/067 ,  G06F3/0689 ,  H04N7/17336

摘要： A method and apparatus for delivering multimedia video data from a server (host processor) to a plurality of clients connected to a communications network. More specifically, with this invention, preprocessed video and multimedia data packets are striped across disks in units of fixed playback time, even if such units result in variable length stripes. To deliver multiple video or continuous media streams, the disks in the array are accessed simultaneously so that at any given instance, different disks are accessing the video or multimedia data for different streams. Access to the disks for reading the continuous media files is scheduled periodically, with the period equal to the back time of the stripes. Because each disk read command retrieves data for a fixed play back time, if the first read command for a continuous media stream request can be scheduled to complete on a disk within a playback time, all subsequent read commands are also guaranteed to not interfere with read commands of other streams. Data is delivered directly from the disk array to the communication network by a stream controller without being sent to the host system. Disk storage is utilized efficiently by allocating disk space in units of cylinders and storing the variable size stripes of video in packed format.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将多媒体视频数据从服务器（主处理器）传送到连接到通信网络的多个客户端的方法和装置。 更具体地说，利用本发明，即使这样的单元导致可变长度的条带，预处理的视频和多媒体数据分组以固定的播放时间为单位在磁盘上条带化。 为了提供多个视频或连续媒体流，阵列中的磁盘被同时访问，使得在任何给定的实例中，不同的磁盘正在访问用于不同流的视频或多媒体数据。 周期性地定期访问用于读取连续媒体文件的磁盘，周期等于条带的后续时间。 由于每个磁盘读取命令检索固定播放时间的数据，如果连续媒体流请求的第一个读取命令可以在播放时间内调度到一个磁盘上完成，所有后续的读取命令也保证不会干扰读取 其他流的命令。 数据通过流控制器直接从磁盘阵列传送到通信网络，而不会发送到主机系统。 通过以圆柱体为单位分配磁盘空间并以压缩格式存储视频的可变大小条带来有效地利用磁盘存储。

公开(公告)号：US5732239A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-24

申请号：US246220

申请日：1994-05-19

申请人： Fouad A. Tobagi ,  Randall B. Baird ,  Joseph Mark Gang, Jr. ,  Joseph W. M. Pang

发明人： Fouad A. Tobagi ,  Randall B. Baird ,  Joseph Mark Gang, Jr. ,  Joseph W. M. Pang

IPC分类号： G06F3/06 ,  G11B20/18 ,  H04N21/231 ,  H04N21/2312 ,  H04N21/2315 ,  H04N21/232 ,  H04N21/238 ,  H04N21/845 ,  G06F13/20 ,  G06F12/08

CPC分类号： G06F11/1096 ,  G06F3/061 ,  G06F3/0614 ,  G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/0689 ,  H04N21/23103 ,  H04N21/2312 ,  H04N21/2315 ,  H04N21/2326 ,  H04N21/23805 ,  H04N21/8456 ,  G06F2211/1016 ,  G11B20/1833

摘要： A method for increasing the storage capacity of a video server which utilizes an array of disks is disclosed. The server is operated so that the continuity of a plurality of bit streams is maintained. The inventive method has advantageous characteristics with respect to storage capacity, streaming capacity, start-up latency of new streams, amount of required buffer capacity, scalability, reliability and multiple bit rates.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种增加利用磁盘阵列的视频服务器的存储容量的方法。 操作服务器，以便保持多个比特流的连续性。 本发明的方法在存储容量，流量，新流的启动延迟，所需缓冲器容量，可扩展性，可靠性和多个比特率方面具有有利的特性。

公开(公告)号：US20150326817A1

公开(公告)日：2015-11-12

申请号：US14805242

申请日：2015-07-21

申请人： Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC

发明人： Hank J. Hundemer

IPC分类号： H04N5/93 ,  H04N5/77

CPC分类号： H04N5/9305 ,  G06F3/1446 ,  G11B27/034 ,  G11B27/10 ,  H04N5/2624 ,  H04N5/2628 ,  H04N5/268 ,  H04N5/272 ,  H04N5/765 ,  H04N5/77 ,  H04N5/93 ,  H04N9/80 ,  H04N9/87 ,  H04N21/2326 ,  H04N21/262

摘要： An example news production system includes a scheduling system, a composite display, and a camera. The scheduling system accesses a news program schedule that specifies a sequence of actions to be performed by the news production system. The scheduling system reads entries from the news program schedule, identifies actions associated with each, and sends signals to cause the actions to be performed. The news production system may cause the composite display to render video content in accordance with a specified layout. A camera can capture video of a field of view that includes at least a portion of the composite display while the specified video content is rendered thereon. The news production system may also cause an output video stream to be based, at least in part, on the captured video.

公开(公告)号：US09118888B1

公开(公告)日：2015-08-25

申请号：US14213633

申请日：2014-03-14

申请人： Tribune Broacasting Company, LLC

发明人： Hank J. Hundemer

IPC分类号： H04N5/93 ,  G11B27/00 ,  H04N9/80

CPC分类号： H04N5/9305 ,  G06F3/1446 ,  G11B27/034 ,  G11B27/10 ,  H04N5/2624 ,  H04N5/2628 ,  H04N5/268 ,  H04N5/272 ,  H04N5/765 ,  H04N5/77 ,  H04N5/93 ,  H04N9/80 ,  H04N9/87 ,  H04N21/2326 ,  H04N21/262

摘要： An example news production system includes a scheduling system, a composite display, and a camera. The scheduling system accesses a news program schedule that specifies a sequence of actions to be performed by the news production system. The scheduling system reads entries from the news program schedule, identifies actions associated with each, and sends signals to cause the actions to be performed. The news production system may cause the composite display to render video content in accordance with a specified layout. A camera can capture video of a field of view that includes at least a portion of the composite display while the specified video content is rendered thereon. The news production system may also cause an output video stream to be based, at least in part, on the captured video.

摘要翻译： 示例性新闻制作系统包括调度系统，复合显示器和照相机。 调度系统访问指定要由新闻制作系统执行的动作序列的新闻节目时间表。 调度系统从新闻节目表中读取条目，识别与每个节目相关联的动作，并发送信号以使动作被执行。 新闻制作系统可以使复合显示器根据指定的布局呈现视频内容。 相机可以在指定的视频内容呈现在其上的情况下捕获包括复合显示器的至少一部分的视场的视频。 新闻制作系统还可以使得输出视频流至少部分地基于所捕获的视频。

公开(公告)号：US08799535B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-05

申请号：US12013367

申请日：2008-01-11

申请人： Michael G. Hluchyj ,  Santosh Krishnan ,  Christopher Lawler ,  Ganesh Pai ,  Umamaheswar Reddy

发明人： Michael G. Hluchyj ,  Santosh Krishnan ,  Christopher Lawler ,  Ganesh Pai ,  Umamaheswar Reddy

IPC分类号： G06F3/00 ,  G06F5/00 ,  H04L12/28 ,  H04N7/14 ,  G06F13/00

CPC分类号： G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/0613 ,  G06F3/0689 ,  G06F11/1076 ,  G06F2211/1028 ,  H04N21/2182 ,  H04N21/2326 ,  H04N21/234363 ,  H04N21/23439

摘要： In one example, multimedia content is requested from a plurality of storage modules. Each storage module retrieves the requested parts, which are typically stored on a plurality of storage devices at each storage module. Each storage module determines independently when to retrieve the requested parts of the data file from storage and transmits those parts from storage to a data queue. Based on a capacity of a delivery module and/or the data rate associated with the request, each storage module transmits the parts of the data file to the delivery module. The delivery module generates a sequenced data segment from the parts of the data file received from the plurality of storage modules and transmits the sequenced data segment to the requester.

摘要翻译： 在一个示例中，从多个存储模块请求多媒体内容。 每个存储模块检索通常存储在每个存储模块上的多个存储设备上的所请求的部分。 每个存储模块独立地确定何时从存储器检索数据文件的所请求的部分，并将这些部件从存储传输到数据队列。 基于传送模块的容量和/或与请求相关联的数据速率，每个存储模块将数据文件的部分传送到传递模块。 传递模块从从多个存储模块接收的数据文件的部分生成排序数据段，并将排序的数据段发送到请求者。