公开(公告)号：US07237147B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-26

申请号：US10650362

申请日：2003-08-27

申请人： Amit Ganesh ,  Gary C. Ngai ,  Dieter Gawlick

发明人： Amit Ganesh ,  Gary C. Ngai ,  Dieter Gawlick

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1474 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  Y10S707/99953

摘要： Described is an approach for recovering the failure of a transaction. According to the approach, a first change and a third change is made to a first resource and a second change is made to a second resource. The second change was made after the first but before the third. However, to recover the failure of the transaction, a recovery record for the third change is applied before the recovery record for the second change. Also described is an approach involving establishing links that link together a set of undo records that contain changes made to the particular resource. Also described is an approach for applying two or more undo records in parallel.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种恢复交易失败的方法。 根据该方法，对第一资源进行第一改变和第三改变，并且对第二资源进行第二改变。 第二次改变是在第一次但是在第三次之前进行的。 但是，为了恢复事务的故障，在第二次更改的恢复记录之前应用第三次更改的恢复记录。 还描述了一种涉及建立将包含对特定资源所做的改变的一组撤销记录链接在一起的链接的方法。 还描述了并行应用两个或多个撤销记录的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20050262110A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-24

申请号：US10848869

申请日：2004-05-18

申请人： Richard Gu ,  Ashish Thusoo ,  Amit Ganesh

发明人： Richard Gu ,  Ashish Thusoo ,  Amit Ganesh

IPC分类号： G06F7/00 ,  G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30315

摘要： An array update operation which specifies number of (row-identifier, value) pairs for updating rows in a table of a database is implemented as follows. A block-identifier of a block (on disk) that holds a row identified by a row-identifier in a specified pair is looked up using a database index, and the block-identifier thus found is stored in a structure. Use of a row-identifier to look up the corresponding block-identifier, and the storage of the block-identifier in the structure are repeatedly performed, for each of several specified pairs. Next, a vector read is performed, to read and store in a cache, each block identified by a block-identifier in the structure, and all the blocks that have been read are stored in the cache during a single function call. Thereafter, rows identified in specified pairs are modified, in blocks currently in the cache, using the values in the specified pairs.

摘要翻译： 指定数据库表中更新行的（行标识符，值）对数的数组更新操作如下。 使用数据库索引来查找保存由指定对中的行标识符标识的行的块（在磁盘上）的块标识符，并且由此找到的块标识符被存储在结构中。 对于几个指定的对中的每一个，重复执行使用行标识符来查找对应的块标识符，并且对结构中的块标识符的存储被重复执行。 接下来，执行向量读取，以读取和存储在高速缓存中，由结构中的块标识符标识的每个块以及所读取的所有块在单个功能调用期间被存储在高速缓存中。 此后，使用指定对中的值，以当前在高速缓存中的块中修改以指定对标识的行。

公开(公告)号：US06957236B1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-18

申请号：US10263493

申请日：2002-10-02

申请人： Amit Ganesh ,  Srinivas S. Vemuri ,  Roger J. Bamford

发明人： Amit Ganesh ,  Srinivas S. Vemuri ,  Roger J. Bamford

IPC分类号： G06F12/00 ,  G06F9/46 ,  G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F9/466 ,  G06F17/30362 ,  Y10S707/99955

摘要： Techniques are provided for providing a data item to a transaction in a multi-versioning system in which the data item may exist on multiple versions of a data block, and were versioning is performed at the granularity of the data block. According to one aspect of the invention, the technique involves locating, within volatile memory, a first version of a data block that includes a first version of the data item. It is then determined whether the first version of the data item is useable by the transaction without respect to whether the first version of the data block is generally useable by the transaction. If the first version of the data item is usable by the transaction, then the data item is established as a candidate that can be provided to the transaction. Thus, the data item within a block may be considered a candidate to be provided to a transaction even when the version of the data block on which the data item resides would otherwise disqualify the data block from being seen by that transaction. If the first version of the data item is not usable by the transaction, then a version of the data item that is usable by the transaction is obtained from a second version of the data block that is different from the first version.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于向多版本系统中的事务提供数据项的技术，其中数据项可以存在于数据块的多个版本上，并且以数据块的粒度执行版本控制。 根据本发明的一个方面，该技术涉及在易失性存储器内定位包括数据项的第一版本的数据块的第一版本。 然后确定该事务的第一版本的数据项是否可用，而不考虑该数据块的第一版本是否通常可被该事务使用。 如果数据项的第一个版本可以由事务使用，则数据项被建立为可以提供给事务的候选。 因此，即使当数据项所驻留的数据块的版本否则将使数据块被该事务看不到资格时，块内的数据项也可以被认为是被提供给事务的候选者。 如果数据项的第一版本不能被事务使用，则可以从与第一版本不同的数据块的第二版本获得事务可使用的数据项的版本。

公开(公告)号：US06173313B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-09

申请号：US09103546

申请日：1998-06-24

申请人： Boris Klots ,  Amit Ganesh ,  Roger J. Bamford

发明人： Boris Klots ,  Amit Ganesh ,  Roger J. Bamford

IPC分类号： G06F1516

CPC分类号： G06F9/465

摘要： A distributed object is hosted in a distributed system by invoking a global hash function on a generated name for the distributed object. The name for the distributed object is generated with knowledge of the global hash function so that the result of invoking the global hash function upon the name results in the selection of a predetermined node in the distributed system. The predetermined node may be selected based on the affinity of the node to the distributed object for reducing network messaging and communications overhead.

摘要翻译： 分布式对象通过在分布式对象的生成名称上调用全局散列函数来托管在分布式系统中。 使用全局散列函数的知识生成分布式对象的名称，以便根据名称调用全局哈希函数的结果导致分布式系统中预定节点的选择。 可以基于节点对分布式对象的亲和度来选择预定节点，以减少网络消息和通信开销。

公开(公告)号：US09465823B2

公开(公告)日：2016-10-11

申请号：US11584782

申请日：2006-10-19

申请人： Kam Shergill ,  Bharath Aleti ,  Dheerai Pandey ,  Sujatha Muthulingam ,  Amit Ganesh

发明人： Kam Shergill ,  Bharath Aleti ,  Dheerai Pandey ,  Sujatha Muthulingam ,  Amit Ganesh

IPC分类号： G06F17/30 ,  G06F11/14

CPC分类号： G06F17/30303 ,  G06F11/1453 ,  G06F17/30156

摘要： Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer program products for processing a file which include using a computer system that is programmed for performing a process of receiving the file in response to a request for storing the file, determining whether a database already contains the file, and storing the file in the database if the database does not already contain the file. The process may alternatively include receiving the file in response to a request for storing the file, determining whether a database already contains the file, and storing the file without storing the received file if the database already contains the file. The process may also alternatively include receiving the file in response to a request for storing the file in a database, separating the file into a plurality of portions, and storing the plurality of portions so each of the plurality of portions can be individually accessed.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于处理文件的方法，系统和计算机程序产品，其包括使用被编程为响应于存储文件的请求执行接收文件的处理的计算机系统，确定数据库是否已经包含文件， 并且如果数据库尚未包含文件，则将该文件存储在数据库中。 该过程可以替代地包括响应于存储文件的请求而接收文件，确定数据库是否已经包含该文件，以及如果数据库已经包含该文件，则存储该文件而不存储接收到的文件。 该过程还可以包括响应于将文件存储在数据库中的请求而接收文件，将文件分离成多个部分，并且存储多个部分，使得多个部分中的每一个可以被单独访问。

公开(公告)号：US08959057B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-17

申请号：US13475669

申请日：2012-05-18

申请人： Amit Ganesh ,  Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor

发明人： Amit Ganesh ,  Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor

IPC分类号： G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30221 ,  G06F3/0608 ,  G06F3/064 ,  G06F3/0653 ,  G06F3/0673 ,  G06F17/30315 ,  G06F17/30371 ,  G06F17/3048

摘要： For automatic data placement of database data, a plurality of access-tracking data is maintained. The plurality of access-tracking data respectively corresponds to a plurality of data rows that are managed by a database server. While the database server is executing normally, it is automatically determined whether a data row, which is stored in first one or more data blocks, has been recently accessed based on the access-tracking data that corresponds to that data row. After determining that the data row has been recently accessed, the data row is automatically moved from the first one or more data blocks to one or more hot data blocks that are designated for storing those data rows, from the plurality of data rows, that have been recently accessed.

摘要翻译： 对于数据库数据的自动数据放置，维持多个访问跟踪数据。 多个访问跟踪数据分别对应于由数据库服务器管理的多个数据行。 当数据库服务器正常执行时，根据与该数据行相对应的访问跟踪数据，自动确定是否最近访问存储在第一个一个或多个数据块中的数据行。 在确定最近访问了数据行之后，数据行被自动从第一个或多个数据块移动到指定用于存储来自多个数据行的那些数据行的一个或多个热数据块，这些数据行具有 最近被访问。

公开(公告)号：US08832142B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US12871824

申请日：2010-08-30

申请人： Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Jesse Kamp ,  Kam Shergill ,  Roger Macnicol ,  Sachin Kulkami ,  Amit Ganesh

发明人： Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Jesse Kamp ,  Kam Shergill ,  Roger Macnicol ,  Sachin Kulkami ,  Amit Ganesh

IPC分类号： G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30442 ,  G06F17/30477 ,  G06F17/30522

摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for optimizing queries received by a database system that relies on an intelligent data storage server to manage storage for the database system. Storing compression units in hybrid columnar format, the storage manager evaluates simple predicates and only returns data blocks containing rows that satisfy those predicates. The returned data blocks are not necessarily stored persistently on disk. That is, the storage manager is not limited to returning disc block images. The hybrid columnar format enables optimizations that provide better performance when processing typical database workloads including both fetching rows by identifier and performing table scans.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于优化由数据库系统接收的依赖于智能数据存储服务器来管理数据库系统的存储的查询。 以混合列格式存储压缩单元，存储管理器将评估简单谓词，并仅返回包含满足这些谓词的行的数据块。 返回的数据块不一定存储在磁盘上。 也就是说，存储管理器不限于返回盘块图像。 混合柱状格式可以实现在处理典型数据库工作负载时提供更好性能的优化，包括通过标识符提取行和执行表扫描。

公开(公告)号：US08356060B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-15

申请号：US12769508

申请日：2010-04-28

申请人： Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Amit Ganesh ,  Jesse Kamp ,  Sachin Kulkarni ,  Roger Macnicol ,  Kam Shergill ,  Manosiz Bhattacharyya

发明人： Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Amit Ganesh ,  Jesse Kamp ,  Sachin Kulkarni ,  Roger Macnicol ,  Kam Shergill ,  Manosiz Bhattacharyya

IPC分类号： G06F7/00

CPC分类号： H03M7/30 ,  G06F17/30595

摘要： Techniques are described herein for automatically selecting the compression techniques to be used on tabular data. A compression analyzer gives users high-level control over the selection process without requiring the user to know details about the specific compression techniques that are available to the compression analyzer. Users are able to specify, for a given set of data, a “balance point” along the spectrum between “maximum performance” and “maximum compression”. The point thus selected is used by the compression analyzer in a variety of ways. For example, in one embodiment, the compression analyzer uses the user-specified balance point to determine which of the available compression techniques qualify as “candidate techniques” for the given set of data. The compression analyzer selects the compression technique to use on a set of data by actually testing the candidate compression techniques against samples from the set of data. After testing the candidate compression techniques against the samples, the resulting compression ratios are compared. The compression technique to use on the set of data is then selected based, in part, on the compression ratios achieved during the compression tests performed on the sample data.

摘要翻译： 这里描述了用于自动选择要在表格数据上使用的压缩技术的技术。 压缩分析仪为用户提供了对选择过程的高级控制，而不需要用户了解有关压缩分析器可用的特定压缩技术的细节。 用户可以为给定的数据集指定沿最大性能和最大压缩之间的平衡点。 所选择的点由压缩分析器以各种方式使用。 例如，在一个实施例中，压缩分析器使用用户指定的平衡点来确定哪些可用的压缩技术被鉴定为用于给定的一组数据的候选技术。 压缩分析仪通过对来自该组数据的样本实际测试候选压缩技术来选择对一组数据使用的压缩技术。 在针对样品测试候选压缩技术之后，比较所得到的压缩比。 然后，部分地基于在对样本数据执行的压缩测试期间实现的压缩比来选择在该组数据上使用的压缩技术。

公开(公告)号：US08239421B1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-07

申请号：US12871862

申请日：2010-08-30

申请人： Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Jesse Kamp ,  Kam Shergill ,  Roger MacNicol ,  Manosiz Bhattacharyya ,  Amit Ganesh

发明人： Vineet Marwah ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Jesse Kamp ,  Kam Shergill ,  Roger MacNicol ,  Manosiz Bhattacharyya ,  Amit Ganesh

IPC分类号： G06F17/20

CPC分类号： H03M7/30 ,  H03M7/3084

摘要： Described herein are compression and processing optimizations by using data transformation techniques. In example embodiments, a byte-wise differential transformation is applied to columnar data represented as a list of length-value pairs to determine a list of delta pairs that is subsequently compressed and stored on persistent storage. A length separation transformation is applied to separate a list of length-value pairs into a length array and a corresponding data value array, where these two arrays are subsequently compressed and stored separately on persistent storage. A native number transformation is applied to a set of number values to remove the lengths stored in the number values, where the transformed set is stored on persistent storage instead of the original set of number values. A native datetime-type transformation is applied to a set of datetime values to generate an encoding that is used to encode the set of datetime values into an encoded set that is stored on persistent storage instead of the original set.

摘要翻译： 这里描述的是使用数据变换技术的压缩和处理优化。 在示例实施例中，将逐字节差分变换应用于表示为长度值对列表的列数据，以确定随后压缩并存储在持久存储器上的增量对列表。 应用长度分离变换将长度值对列表分隔成长度数组和对应的数据值数组，其中这两个数组随后被压缩并分别存储在持久存储器上。 原始数字变换被应用于一组数字值以去除存储在数字值中的长度，其中变换的集合存储在永久存储器上而不是原始的数字集合。 本机datetime类型转换应用于一组datetime值，以生成用于将datetime值集合编码为存储在永久存储而不是原始集合的编码集中的编码。

公开(公告)号：US20100278446A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-04

申请号：US12617669

申请日：2009-11-12

申请人： Amit Ganesh ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Vineet Marwah ,  Kam Shergill ,  Roger MacNicol ,  Sachin Kulkarni ,  Jesse Kamp

发明人： Amit Ganesh ,  Vikram Kapoor ,  Vineet Marwah ,  Kam Shergill ,  Roger MacNicol ,  Sachin Kulkarni ,  Jesse Kamp

IPC分类号： G06K9/36

CPC分类号： G06F17/30315

摘要： A highly flexible and extensible structure is provided for physically storing tabular data. The structure, is referred to as a compression unit, and may be used to physically store tabular data that logically resides in any type of table-like structure. According to one embodiment, compression units are recursive. Thus, a compression unit may have a “parent” compression unit to which it belongs, and may have one or more “child” compression units that belong to it. In one embodiment, compression units include metadata that indicates how the tabular data is stored within them. The metadata for a compression unit may indicate, for example, whether the data within the compression unit is stored in row-major or column major-format (or some combination thereof), the order of the columns within the compression unit (which may differ from the logical order of the columns dictated by the definition of their logical container), a compression technique for the compression unit, the child compression units (if any), etc.

摘要翻译： 提供了高度灵活和可扩展的结构，用于物理存储表格数据。 该结构被称为压缩单元，并且可以用于物理地存储逻辑上驻留在任何类型的表状结构中的表格数据。 根据一个实施例，压缩单元是递归的。 因此，压缩单元可以具有它所属的“父”压缩单元，并且可以具有属于它的一个或多个“子”压缩单元。 在一个实施例中，压缩单元包括指示表格数据如何被存储在其中的元数据。 压缩单元的元数据例如可以指示压缩单元内的数据是以主要或列主格式（或其某种组合）存储的，压缩单元中的列的顺序（其可以不同 从逻辑容器的定义指定的列的逻辑顺序），压缩单元的压缩技术，子压缩单元（如果有的话）等等