公开(公告)号：US20040224216A1

公开(公告)日：2004-11-11

申请号：US10867305

申请日：2004-06-14

发明人： Sergei F. Burlatsky ,  Jared B. Hertzberg ,  Ned E. Cipollini ,  David A. Condit ,  Thomas D. Jarvi ,  James A. Leistra ,  Michael L. Perry ,  Thomas H. Madden

IPC分类号： H01M004/86 ,  H01M004/92 ,  H01M008/10

CPC分类号： H01M4/9083 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/1004

摘要： A membrane electrode assembly includes an anode; a cathode; a membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode; and an extended catalyzed layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode. The extended catalyzed layer includes catalyst particles embedded in membrane material and preferably includes a first plurality of particles which are electrically connected to the at least one electrode. The extended catalyzed layer may further preferably have a second plurality of particles which are electrically disconnected from the at least one electrode.

摘要翻译： 膜电极组件包括阳极; 阴极 设置在阳极和阴极之间的膜; 以及在膜与阳极和阴极的至少一个电极之间延伸的催化层。 延伸的催化层包括嵌入膜材料中的催化剂颗粒，并且优选地包括电连接到至少一个电极的第一多个颗粒。 延伸的催化层可进一步优选具有与至少一个电极电连接的第二多个颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US20040209154A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-21

申请号：US10454211

申请日：2003-06-04

发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

IPC分类号： H01M004/86 ,  H01M004/96 ,  H01M008/10 ,  H01M004/92 ,  H01M004/94

CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/04171 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  Y02E60/523

摘要： Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.

摘要翻译： 被动水管理技术在空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池系统中提供。 将具有亚微米宽孔的高疏水性组分层压到阴极侧的催化膜电解质上。 该组分阻止液体水从阴极流出，而是使水通过聚合物膜电解质驱动到电池阳极。 空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池还包括在电池阴极的外部方面的阴极背衬和附加的阴极过滤器部件的层，其降低了来自电池阴极的水蒸气逸出速率。 良好层压的疏水微孔层，较厚的背衬和增加的过滤层的组合共同限定了独特的水管理能力的阴极结构，能够以直（100％）的甲醇直接控制速率供应来操作DMFC， 而不需要任何外部供应或抽水。 电池阳极设置有亲水背衬层。 当水通过聚合物膜电解质从电池阴极驱动到电池阳极室时，它可用于阳极反应，并且任何多余的水都沿着CO 2通风通道进入外部环境。

公开(公告)号：US20040197638A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-07

申请号：US10698964

申请日：2003-10-31

发明人： Kenneth O. McElrath ,  Kenneth A. Smith ,  Jeffrey L. Bahr ,  Thomas J. Wainerdi ,  David A. Karohl ,  Daniel T. Colbert ,  Michael Andrew Miller ,  Henry Wayne Oviatt ,  Eric D. Cline

IPC分类号： H01M004/96 ,  H01M004/92 ,  B05D005/12 ,  H01M008/10 ,  H01M004/88

CPC分类号： B01J21/185 ,  B01J23/16 ,  B01J23/38 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/8652 ,  H01M4/8825 ,  H01M4/8828 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/9083 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/0234 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M2300/0082 ,  Y02E60/523

摘要： Electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cells comprise carbon nanotubes and catalytically active metal. In one embodiment, anode electrodes are prepared by depositing catalytic metal on carbon nanotubes, and forming the carbon nanotubes into a membrane. Anode electrodes comprising carbon nanotubes provide higher fuel cell performance with a much lower platinum loading than conventional carbon-based electrode material having a much higher platinum loading. In another embodiment, a catalyst ink comprising carbon nanotubes and a catalytic metal-loaded carbon powder was used to form an electrode membrane. The catalyst ink comprising carbon nanotubes and catalyst-loaded carbon powder can optionally comprise an ionically conductive polymer, such as a perfluorosulfonic acid/PTFE copolymer. In another embodiment, a fuel cell electrode comprising carbon nanotubes and catalytically active metal is a free-standing electrode. In another embodiment of a membrane electrode assembly, carbon nanotubes are sandwiched between a catalyst-loaded electrode and a polymer electrolyte membrane.

摘要翻译： 聚合物电解质膜和直接甲醇燃料电池的电极包括碳纳米管和催化活性金属。 在一个实施方案中，通过在碳纳米管上沉积催化金属并将碳纳米管形成膜来制备阳极电极。 包含碳纳米管的阳极电极提供更高的燃料电池性能，其具有比具有高得多的铂负载的常规碳基电极材料低得多的铂负载。 在另一个实施方案中，使用包含碳纳米管和催化金属负载碳粉末的催化剂油墨形成电极膜。 包含碳纳米管和载有催化剂的碳粉末的催化剂油墨可以任选地包含离子导电聚合物，例如全氟磺酸/ PTFE共聚物。 在另一个实施例中，包括碳纳米管和催化活性金属的燃料电池电极是独立电极。 在膜电极组件的另一个实施例中，碳纳米管夹在负载催化剂的电极和聚合物电解质膜之间。

公开(公告)号：US20040180250A1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-16

申请号：US10480375

申请日：2003-12-11

发明人： Masaaki Nanaumi ,  Yoichi Asano ,  Nagayuki Kanaoka ,  Hiroshi Sohma ,  Naoki Mitsuta

IPC分类号： H01M008/10 ,  H01M004/96 ,  H01M004/92 ,  H01M004/88

CPC分类号： H01M4/926 ,  C08J5/2256 ,  C08J5/2262 ,  C08J2371/12 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M8/04126 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1025 ,  H01M8/1027 ,  H01M8/1032 ,  H01M8/1039 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The present invention provides an electrode structure having a pair of electrode catalyst layers and a polymer electrolyte membrane held between both the electrode catalyst layers. The polymer electrolyte membrane contains 5% or more by weight of the water coordinated to protons of sulfonic acid groups. The polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a fluorine-containing ion conducting polymer. The ratio of the fluorine content in the above polymer electrolyte membrane to the fluorine content in the above electrode catalyst layer is within the range of from 0.2 to 2.0. The polymer electrolyte membrane is a sulfonate of a copolymer general formulas (1) and (2). The electrode catalyst layer contains platinum within the range of from 0.01 to 0.8 mg/cm2, and the average particle diameter of a carbon particle as a carrier is within the range of from 10 to 100 nm. The polymer electrolyte membrane is produced by forming a membrane from the above sulfonate solution and drying the obtained membrane. The membrane contains from 3 to 15% by weight of a solvent after drying. The electrode structure is produced by applying an electric current of 0.1 A/cm2 or higher for 5 hours or more in a humidified environment at a relative humidity of 60% or more. The electrode structure constitutes a fuel cell, which generates power when oxidizing gas is supplied to the one side of the electrode structure and reducing gas to the other side.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种具有一对电极催化剂层和保持在两个电极催化剂层之间的聚合物电解质膜的电极结构。 聚合物电解质膜含有与磺酸基质子配位的5重量％以上的水。 聚合物电解质膜包含含氟离子导电聚合物。 上述聚合物电解质膜中的氟含量与上述电极催化剂层中氟含量的比例在0.2〜2.0的范围内。 聚合物电解质膜是通式（1）和（2）的共聚物的磺酸盐。 电极催化剂层含有铂在0.01〜0.8mg / cm 2的范围内，作为载体的碳粒子的平均粒径在10〜100nm的范围内。 聚合物电解质膜通过从上述磺酸盐溶液形成膜并干燥得到的膜来制造。 干燥后，膜含有3〜15重量％的溶剂。 通过在相对湿度60％以上的加湿环境中施加0.1A / cm 2以上的电流5小时以上来制造电极结构体。 电极结构构成燃料电池，当氧化气体被供给到电极结构的一侧并将气体还原到另一侧时，发电。

公开(公告)号：US20040166396A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-26

申请号：US10785886

申请日：2004-02-24

申请人： Symyx Technologies, Inc.

发明人： Alexander Gorer

IPC分类号： H01M004/92 ,  B01J023/42 ,  C22C005/04

CPC分类号： C22C30/00 ,  B01J23/40 ,  B01J23/462 ,  B01J23/892 ,  C22C5/04 ,  C22C19/03 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  H01M2300/0082 ,  Y02E60/523

摘要： A catalyst suitable for use in a fuel cell, especially as an anode catalyst, that contains platinum, ruthenium, and nickel, wherein the nickel is at a concentration that is less than about 10 atomic percent.

摘要翻译： 适用于燃料电池，特别是作为阳极催化剂的催化剂，其包含铂，钌和镍，其中镍的浓度小于约10原子％。

公开(公告)号：US20040126644A1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-01

申请号：US10331421

申请日：2002-12-30

发明人： John A. S. Bett ,  Ned E. Cipollini ,  Thomas D. Jarvi ,  Richard D. Breault

IPC分类号： H01M004/92 ,  H01M004/96 ,  H01M008/10

CPC分类号： H01M4/926 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/1007

摘要： The invention is a fuel cell (20) having a corrosion resistant and protected cathode catalyst layer (24). The cathode catalyst layer (24) includes a platinum oxygen reduction catalyst and an oxygen evolution catalyst selected from the group consisting of catalysts that are more active than platinum for oxygen evolution. The oxygen evolution catalyst may be uniformly applied within the cathode catalyst layer, or non-uniformly applied to identified high corrosion areas (82) (84) of the cathode catalyst layer (24). The cathode catalyst layer (24) may include heat-treated carbon support material, and/or a heat-treated carbon black within a diffusion layer (40) supporting the cathode catalyst layer (24). The fuel cell (20) may also include an anode catalyst layer (22) having a poor oxygen reduction catalyst having a greater oxygen reduction over potential than platinum.

摘要翻译： 本发明是具有耐腐蚀和保护的阴极催化剂层（24）的燃料电池（20）。 阴极催化剂层（24）包括铂氧还原催化剂和析氧催化剂，所述催化剂选自与铂相比更有活性以用于析氧的催化剂。 析氧催化剂可以均匀地施加在阴极催化剂层内，或者不均匀地施加到阴极催化剂层（24）的识别的高腐蚀区域（82）（84）上。 在支撑阴极催化剂层（24）的扩散层（40）内，阴极催化剂层（24）可以包括经热处理的碳载体材料和/或经热处理的炭黑。 燃料电池（20）还可以包括具有比铂更大的氧还原能力的氧还原催化剂不良的阳极催化剂层（22）。

公开(公告)号：US20040110058A1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-10

申请号：US10310166

申请日：2002-12-04

发明人： James H. Lee ,  Brian K. Brady ,  Robert L. Fuss

IPC分类号： H01M004/86 ,  H01M004/92 ,  B05D005/12

CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 ,  H01M8/0206 ,  H01M8/0213 ,  H01M8/0221 ,  H01M8/0226 ,  H01M8/0247 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell having a catalytic electrode and an electrically conductive contact element facing the electrode. The electrically conductive contact element conducts electrical current from the electrode and has a surface comprising a plurality of passivated regions, and a plurality of non-passivated regions dispersed among the passivated regions. The surface further is coated with an electrically conductive, corrosion resistant coating. Other preferred aspects of the present invention include methods of treating the electrically conductive contact element by passivation to resist corrosion while still maintaining electrical conductivity.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有催化电极和面向电极的导电接触元件的电化学电池。 导电接触元件从电极传导电流，并且具有包括多个钝化区域的表面和分布在钝化区域中的多个非钝化区域。 该表面进一步涂覆有导电的耐腐蚀涂层。 本发明的其它优选方面包括通过钝化处理导电接触元件以抵抗腐蚀同时仍然保持导电性的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20040067408A1

公开(公告)日：2004-04-08

申请号：US10676078

申请日：2003-10-02

申请人： SHINKO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.

发明人： Michio Horiuchi ,  Shigeaki Suganuma ,  Misa Watanabe

IPC分类号： H01M004/92 ,  H01M004/90 ,  H01M008/12

CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/8885 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/9025

摘要： A fuel cell, comprising a fuel cell element comprising a solid electrolyte layer of oxygen ion conduction type which is interposed between a cathode layer and an anode layer. The cathode layer and the anode layer are exposed to a mixed gas of a fuel gas, such as methane or others, and oxygen, to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction between the fuel gas and the oxygen, by means of the cell element, to generate an electromotive force. The anode layer is mainly composed of a metal which is oxidation-resistant against the mixed fuel at the operating temperature of the fuel cell element, or a ceramic having an electro-conductivity. The anode layer is further blended with a metal or an oxide thereof, selected from a group of rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, palladium, and iridium.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池，包括燃料电池元件，其包含介于阴极层和阳极层之间的氧离子传导型固体电解质层。 阴极层和阳极层暴露于诸如甲烷等的燃料气体与氧气的混合气体中，通过电池元件使燃料气体和氧气之间的氧化还原反应发生到 产生电动势。 阳极层主要由在燃料电池元件的工作温度下对混合燃料进行抗氧化的金属或具有导电性的陶瓷构成。 阳极层进一步与选自铑，铂，钌，钯和铱的金属或其氧化物共混。

公开(公告)号：US20040058224A1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-25

申请号：US10253371

申请日：2002-09-24

发明人： Ray R. Eshraghi ,  Jung-Chou Lin ,  Changqing Lin ,  Michael W. Riley ,  Erik K. Yarbrough

IPC分类号： H01M004/86 ,  H01M008/10 ,  H01M004/88 ,  H01M004/92

CPC分类号： H01M4/8825 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/241

摘要： This invention relates to a microfibrous fuel cell having at least one high quality electrocatalyst layer of a dual-layer structure, i.e., a catalyst layer comprising a catalytic material, and an interfacial composition layer comprising a mixture of catalytic material and electrolyte medium. Said high quality electrocatalyst layer can be formed by various catalyzation methods, including diffusion catalyzation, ion-exchange catalyzation, electrodeposition catalyzation, impregnation catalyzation, chemical deposition catalyzation, and alternating catalyst/electrolyte addition catalyzation. The present invention also relates to a fuel cell assembly comprising multiple such microfibrous fuel cells bundled together, and methods for in situ catalyzation of such fuel cell assembly to form high quality electrocatalyst layers of such dual-layer structure.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有至少一个双层结构的高质量电催化剂层的微纤维燃料电池，即包括催化材料的催化剂层，以及包含催化材料和电解质介质的混合物的界面组合物层。 所述高品质电催化剂层可以通过各种催化方法形成，包括扩散催化，离子交换催化，电沉积催化，浸渍催化，化学沉积催化，交替催化/电解质加成催化。 本发明还涉及一种燃料电池组件，其包括捆在一起的多个这种微纤维燃料电池，以及用于原位催化这种燃料电池组件以形成这种双层结构的高质量电催化剂层的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20040053098A1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-18

申请号：US10332422

申请日：2003-09-19

发明人： David Jorge Schiffrin ,  Kyoesti Eero Antero Kontturi ,  Richard John Nichols ,  Jerzy Paprotny

IPC分类号： H01M008/10 ,  H01M004/90 ,  H01M004/92

CPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  C25B1/30 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1016 ,  H01M2250/40 ,  Y02E60/56

摘要： An electrochemical cell that generates electricity, comprising gas diffusion electrodes and a bipolar membrane electrolyte, is disclosed. The cell may further comprise electrocatalysts. Also disclosed is a process using the cell in the synthesis of chemicals, particularly hydrogen peroxide.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种发电的电化学电池，包括气体扩散电极和双极膜电解质。 电池还可以包括电催化剂。 还公开了使用该细胞合成化学品，特别是过氧化氢的方法。