摘要:
A process for preparing or regenerating peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and/or metal sulfates at diamond-coated electrodes without addition of promoters is described, with bipolar silicon electrodes which are coated with diamond on one side and whose uncoated silicon rear side serves as cathode being used.
摘要:
Described herein are three methods for making halogenated fluorinated ether-containing compounds using a fluorinated olefin or hexafluoropropylene oxide.
摘要:
The electrochemical method of producing hydrogen peroxide using a titanium oxide nanotube catalyst is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as a nanostructured titania (TiO2) electrode surface treated with nitrogen. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide dissolved in the alkaline solution. The hydrogen peroxide dissolved in the alkaline solution is then collected from the cell.
摘要:
Systems and methods for generating reactive oxygen species formulations useful in various oxidation applications. Exemplary formulations include singlet oxygen or superoxide and can also contain hydroxyl radicals or hydroperoxy radicals, among others. Formulations can contain other reactive species, including other radicals. Exemplary formulations containing peracids are activated to generate singlet oxygen. Exemplary formulations include those containing a mixture of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Exemplary formulations include those in which one or more components of the formulation are generated electrochemically. Formulations of the invention containing reactive oxygen species can be further activated to generate reactive oxygen species using activation chosen from a Fenton or Fenton-like catalyst, ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation or thermal activation. Exemplary applications of the formulations of the invention among others include: cleaning in place applications, water treatment, soil decontamination and flushing of well casings and water distribution pipes.
摘要:
Systems and methods for the recovery of noble metal from noble-metal-containing material are generally described. Certain embodiments related to systems and methods in which an electric current is transported between an electrode and the noble metal of a noble-metal-containing material to dissolve at least a portion of the noble metal from the noble-metal-containing material. The dissolved noble metal can subsequently be precipitated out of solution and recovered, according to certain embodiments. Noble metals can be recovered from any suitable noble-metal-containing material, including plated and/or filled scrap materials and/or other materials.
摘要:
In one aspect there is provided an electrochemical cell without an electrolyte-impermeable barrier. In another aspect there is provided an electrochemical cell comprising a liquid electrolyte, a cathode and at least one cathode product able to be produced at the cathode, and an anode and at least one anode product able to be produced at the anode. The at least one anode product and the at least one cathode product are substantially separated, and the cell is without an electrolyte-impermeable barrier positioned between the cathode and the anode. There is a relatively low ratio of electrolyte volume to electrode geometric surface area of the cathode or the anode (electrolyte volume (m3)/electrode surface area (m2)). The cell can be operated at a relatively low current density. Optionally, an electrolyte-permeable separator may be employed.
摘要:
A process for preparing or regenerating peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and/or metal sulfates at diamond-coated electrodes without addition of promoters is described, with bipolar silicon electrodes which are coated with diamond on one side and whose uncoated silicon rear side serves as cathode being used.
摘要:
To allow online monitoring of the overall concentration of oxidizing substances in electrolyzed sulfuric acid, for example, in a cleaning system, absorbance data having undergone baseline correction in relation to the overall concentration of oxidizing substances by using a standard sample liquid in the form of an electrolyzed sulfuric acid preparation liquid having the same sulfuric acid concentration as the sulfuric acid concentration of the electrolyzed sulfuric acid is prepared, and absorbance is measured over wavelengths ranging from 190 to 290 nm by using a sample liquid in the form of electrolyzed sulfuric acid having a sulfuric acid concentration ranging from 60 to 97% by mass and a liquid temperature ranging from 20 to 70° C. to measure the overall concentration of oxidizing substances in the electrolyzed sulfuric acid on the basis of the data. The overall concentration of oxidizing substances in the electrolyzed sulfuric acid can thus be immediately measured.
摘要:
A membrane electrode assembly includes a rod-shaped or tubular anode, an anode terminal connected to the anode, a cathode disposed at a position apart from the anode so as to face the anode, and a membrane that separates the anode from the cathode. The cathode includes a line-shaped or strip-shaped cathode-supporting portion and a cathode claw that extends to the left, right, or both left and right from the cathode-supporting portion and that is curved along an outer periphery of the anode. The cathode-supporting portion and the cathode claw form an anode-holding portion of the cathode. The membrane includes a membrane strip, and the membrane strip is disposed on the cathode claw to be in contact with the cathode claw so that the anode is held by the anode-holding portion of the cathode with the membrane strip therebetween.
摘要:
Provided is an oxygen generating apparatus. The oxygen generating apparatus includes a hydrogen peroxide generator configured to generate hydrogen peroxide; an oxygen generator configured to generate oxygen using the hydrogen peroxide generated in the hydrogen peroxide generator; a first pipe configured to transfer the hydrogen peroxide generated in the hydrogen peroxide generator into the oxygen generator; and a second pipe configured to transfer water generated in the oxygen generator into the hydrogen peroxide generator.