公开(公告)号：US5627372A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-06

申请号：US576472

申请日：1995-12-21

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: A24C5/34 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01Q90/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/12 ,  A24C5/3412

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for sensing basis weight of a rod of material, such as tobacco, by two basis weight sensing operations which are then combined. A first sensing operation having high accuracy but slow response time is combined with a second sensing operation having low accuracy but fast response time to result in a high accuracy and fast response time output signal. The first sensing operation is performed using a low radiation beta gauge which does not require licensing or safety precautions required by currently used beta gauges. The second sensing operation is performed using a dielectric sensor. The output signals from the first and second sensing operations are time averaged and combined such that the fast response output signals from the second sensing operation are calibrated or biased using the output signals from the first sensing operation to result in a high accuracy and fast response time measurement of the basis weight for a rod of material, such as tobacco.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种方法和装置，用于通过两个基重感测操作来感测诸如烟草的材料棒的基重，然后将其组合。 具有高精度但慢的响应时间的第一感测操作与具有低精度但是快速响应时间的第二感测操作组合以产生高精度和快速响应时间输出信号。 第一次感测操作使用低辐射β测量仪进行，该测量仪不需要当前使用的测压计所要求的许可证或安全预防措施。 使用介质传感器执行第二感测操作。 来自第一和第二感测操作的输出信号是时间平均和组合的，使得来自第二感测操作的快速响应输出信号使用来自第一感测操作的输出信号进行校准或偏置，以产生高精度和快速的响应时间 测量诸如烟草的材料棒的基重。

公开(公告)号：US5625196A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-29

申请号：US453272

申请日：1995-05-30

Applicant: Paul Williams

Inventor： Paul Williams

IPC: G01N21/89 ,  G05B23/02 ,  G05D5/03 ,  G01N21/86

CPC classification number: G05B23/0297 ,  G01N21/8903 ,  G05D5/03

Abstract: A detector of a measuring system sensitive to light energy receives light from a process being measured and also from a separate light source which is modulated such that it can be detected in signals generated by the detector. The separate light source is turned on and off to modulate its output such that output signals from the detector can be separated into on-times and off-times of the separate light source. The difference in on and off signal levels generated by the detector, or elements of the detector if the detector has a plurality of elements, are used to calibrate the detector. The light energy is conveyed to the detector by an energy conduit which may be a "leaky" optical fiber which receives light at one end and leaks the light out one sidewall along a portion of the fiber which is positioned adjacent to and preferably secured to the detector. The leaky optical fiber can be made by removing cladding from at least a portion of the sidewall along the portion of the fiber which is to leak light to the detector. Alternately, a bundle of fiber optics can be utilized with one end of the bundle receiving light and the other end being broken out to direct one or more of the fibers toward elements of the detector.

Abstract translation: 对光能敏感的测量系统的检测器从被测量的过程接收光，并且还从被调制的单独的光源接收来自检测器产生的信号中的光。 单独的光源被打开和关闭以调制其输出，使得来自检测器的输出信号可以分离成分开的光源的接通和关闭时间。 由检测器产生的开和关信号电平的差异，或者如果检测器具有多个元件，则使用检测器的元件来校准检测器。 光能通过能量管道传送到检测器，该能量管道可以是“泄漏”光纤，其在一端接收光并沿着沿着纤维的一部分将光排出一个侧壁，该部分邻近并优选地固定到 探测器。 泄漏的光纤可以通过从沿着光纤的部分的光纤的至少一部分去除包层来制造，该部分将光泄漏到检测器。 或者，可以使用一束光纤，其中束的一端接收光，另一端被分解以将一个或多个光纤引导到检测器的元件。

公开(公告)号：US5549793A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

申请号：US284939

申请日：1994-08-02

Applicant: Ake A. Hellstrom ,  Alexsey Goldshdeyn

Inventor： Ake A. Hellstrom ,  Alexsey Goldshdeyn

IPC: D21F1/08 ,  F16K7/07 ,  F16K7/04

CPC classification number: D21F1/08 ,  F16K7/07

Abstract: Pinch valves having a flexible, constrictable sleeve are used to control a dilution headbox for a paper making machine. A variety of pinch valves may be used in the present invention with the pinch valves being actuated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure or by mechanically pinching the valves' sleeves by means of rams driven by stepper or linear drive motors. For pneumatic control, dynamic differential pressure drops are measured across the valves to determine flow rate through the valves. A pinch valve, referred to herein as a torsional pinch valve, is disclosed for dilution headbox control. In one form, a first end of a sleeve is fixedly mounted in a support frame and the second end of the sleeve is mounted for rotation in the frame. A driver rotates the second end of the sleeve such that a flow path through the sleeve is controlled. The flow path is a maximum when no torsion is placed on the sleeve and is reduced to substantially zero by sufficient rotation. In another form, first ends of two sleeves are secured into a support frame such that the sleeves are in axial alignment with one another. The second ends of the sleeves are secured to an annular collar or sleeve support member which is mounted for rotation between the fixedly mounted first ends. By rotating the annular collar, the cross section of the flow path is controlled.

Abstract translation: 具有柔性可收缩套管的夹管阀用于控制造纸机的稀释流浆箱。 在本发明中可以使用各种夹管阀，夹紧阀由气动或液压驱动，或者通过由步进或直线驱动马达驱动的柱塞机械地夹紧阀的套筒。 对于气动控制，跨阀门测量动态差压压力以确定通过阀门的流速。 公开了一种用于稀释流浆箱控制的夹紧阀，这里称为扭力夹紧阀。 在一种形式中，套筒的第一端固定地安装在支撑框架中，并且套筒的第二端安装成在框架中旋转。 驱动器旋转套筒的第二端，使得通过套筒的流路被控制。 当在套管上没有扭转时流动路径是最大的，并且通过足够的旋转将流路减小到基本为零。 在另一种形式中，两个套筒的第一端被固定到支撑框架中，使得套筒彼此轴向对齐。 套筒的第二端被固定到环形套环或套筒支撑构件，该环形套筒或套筒支撑构件安装成用于在固定安装的第一端之间旋转。 通过旋转环形套环，可以控制流路的横截面。

公开(公告)号：US5398538A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

申请号：US10652

申请日：1993-01-28

Applicant: Paul Williams ,  Bradley M. Pankonin

Inventor： Paul Williams ,  Bradley M. Pankonin

IPC: G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/30 ,  G01N33/34 ,  G01N29/18 ,  G01N29/24

CPC classification number: G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/30 ,  G01N33/346 ,  G01N2291/0237 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422

Abstract: The velocity or speed of ultrasonic energy in moving webs of material is measured on-line as the webs are manufactured by engaging and preferably scanning a measuring head over the web of material. Improved ultrasonic energy transducers are employed wherein a material contacting member is secured to an interface region between oppositely operated first and second regions which intensify and amplify the movement of the interface region and hence the material contacting member by operating in a push-pull mode relative to the interface region. The transducers are calibrated by means of reference paths having known ultrasonic transmission characteristics which reference paths are separate and apart from the web of material which is being measured. The transducers can be selectively contacted with the web of material or not under the influence of vacuum which is applied to a measuring head into which the transducers are installed. A large plurality of ultrasonic energy signals are received by one or more receiving transducers and digitally integrated or summed and averaged to eliminate substantial noise which is present on the received ultrasonic energy signals due to the relative motion of the transducers and the web of material being measured. The travel time between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer or transducers is then combined with the distance or distances therebetween to arrive at the velocity or speed of the ultrasonic energy in a web being measured.

Abstract translation: 在移动的材料网中的超声波能量的速度或速度在线测量，因为通过接合并优选地在测量材料网上扫描测量头来制造网。 使用改进的超声波能量换能器，其中材料接触构件被固定到相对操作的第一和第二区域之间的界面区域，其通过以相对于第二和第二区域的推挽模式操作来强化和放大界面区域以及因此的材料接触构件的移动 接口区域。 传感器通过具有已知超声波传输特性的参考路径进行校准，该参考路径与待测量的材料卷材分开并分开。 传感器可以选择性地与材料卷材接触，或者不受真空的影响，所述真空的影响被施加到安装有换能器的测量头。 大量的超声波能量信号由一个或多个接收换能器接收并且数字地积分或相加和平均以消除由于换能器和所测量的材料幅材的相对运动而在接收到的超声能量信号上存在的实质噪声 。 然后将发射换能器和接收换能器或换能器之间的行进时间与它们之间的距离或距离组合，以得到所测量的腹板中的超声能量的速度或速度。

公开(公告)号：US5640244A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-17

申请号：US552269

申请日：1995-11-02

Applicant: Ake Arvid Hellstrom ,  Walter Anthony Gregory

Inventor： Ake Arvid Hellstrom ,  Walter Anthony Gregory

IPC: G01B11/26 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/89 ,  G01N33/34 ,  G01N21/47

CPC classification number: G01N33/346 ,  G01B11/26 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/8915 ,  G01N2021/8681 ,  G01N2021/8917

Abstract: On-line measurement of fiber orientation and anisotropy in a non-woven web of material is performed by directing three light sources toward a sensing region of the web. Reflectively scattered light from each light source is detected by a pair of light sensors positioned on either side of an incidence plane including the beam of incident light. Back scattered light from each light source is also detected by at least one light sensor positioned generally above the sensing region. Preferably two back scattered light sensors are provided for each light source, one common light sensor and one dedicated light sensor. The signals from the light sensors for each of the light sources are combined to generate resultant fiber orientation signals which are used to compute a fiber orientation angle relative to the machine direction and an anisotropy characteristic for the web. The three light sources are modulated and the signals from the light sensors are synchronously demodulated such that light simultaneously incident on the sensing region is electrically separated to correspond to optical paths defined by the three light sources. The resulting signals define points on a generally elliptical polar distribution function of a resultant fiber orientation curve. The curve is approximated by an equation with the measured points being substituted into the equation to form a set of three equations with three unknowns which are then solved to determine the fiber orientation and anisotropy of the web being measured.

Abstract translation: 通过将三个光源引导到幅材的感测区域来进行在材料的无纺织物中的纤维取向和各向异性的在线测量。 来自每个光源的反射散射光通过位于包括入射光束的入射平面两侧的一对光传感器来检测。 来自每个光源的后散射光也由位于感测区域大致上方的至少一个光传感器检测。 优选地，为每个光源，一个公共光传感器和一个专用光传感器提供两个后散射光传感器。 来自用于每个光源的光传感器的信号被组合以产生所得纤维取向信号，其用于计算相对于机器方向的纤维取向角和幅材的各向异性特性。 三个光源被调制，并且来自光传感器的信号被同步解调，使得同时入射在感测区域上的光被电分离，以对应于由三个光源限定的光路。 所得到的信号在所得纤维取向曲线的大致椭圆极性分布函数上限定点。 该曲线由方程近似，其中测量点被代入方程中以形成具有三个未知数的三个方程组，然后解决这三个方程，以确定所测量的幅材的纤维取向和各向异性。

公开(公告)号：US5479825A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US362909

申请日：1994-12-23

Applicant: Paul Williams ,  Bradley M. Pankonin

Inventor： Paul Williams ,  Bradley M. Pankonin

IPC: G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/30 ,  G01N33/34 ,  G01N29/24 ,  G01N29/28

CPC classification number: G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/30 ,  G01N33/346 ,  G01N2291/0237 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422

Abstract: Improved ultrasonic energy transducers each include a material contacting member secured to a piezoelectric element at an interface region between oppositely operated first and second regions of the piezoelectric element. The material contacting member intensifies and amplifies movement of the interface region as the first and second regions of the piezoelectric element operate in a push-pull mode relative to the interface region. The first and second regions of the piezoelectric element can be electrically driven to move the material contacting member for transmission of ultrasonic energy or mechanically driven by the material contacting member for receipt of ultrasonic energy. A variety of piezoelectric elements can be used in the improved transducers including, for example, generally rectangular bars and discs segmented into two or more portions. A variety of material contacting members can also be used including, for example, a cylindrical stud and a more narrow dowel.

Abstract translation: 改进的超声波能量换能器包括在压电元件的相对操作的第一和第二区域之间的界面区域处固定到压电元件的材料接触构件。 当压电元件的第一和第二区域相对于界面区域以推挽模式工作时，材料接触构件增强和放大界面区域的移动。 压电元件的第一和第二区域可以被电驱动以移动材料接触构件以传输超声波能量或由物料接触构件机械驱动以接收超声波能量。 各种压电元件可以用于改进的换能器中，包括例如大致矩形的杆和分割成两个或更多个部分的圆盘。 还可以使用各种材料接触构件，包括例如圆柱形柱和更窄的定位销。

公开(公告)号：US5479720A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US186047

申请日：1994-01-21

Applicant: Ake A. Hellstrom ,  Karsten G. Koester ,  Thomas A. Frisco ,  James E. Throm, Jr.

Inventor： Ake A. Hellstrom ,  Karsten G. Koester ,  Thomas A. Frisco ,  James E. Throm, Jr.

IPC: D21G9/00 ,  G01B7/04 ,  G01B7/06 ,  G01B7/14 ,  G01P13/00

CPC classification number: G01B7/107 ,  D21G9/0009

Abstract: A caliper measuring system is provided for determining the thickness of a moving sheet. The system comprises first and second caliper sensing heads having first and second sensing shoes positioned on opposite sides of the moving sheet for engaging the sheet. A gap sensor is associated with the first and second sensing shoes for generating distance signals representative of the distance between the first and second sensing shoes and for determining the thickness of the moving sheet based upon the distance signals. The gap sensor includes a processor which determines the thickness of the moving sheet from the distance signals, generates a count of lumps sensed in the moving web, and generates a baring profile representative of rapid thickness variations along the moving sheet in the direction of movement of the sheet.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于确定移动片材的厚度的卡尺测量系统。 该系统包括第一和第二卡尺检测头，其具有位于移动片材的相对侧上的第一和第二检测靴，用于接合片材。 间隙传感器与第一和第二感测鞋相关联，用于产生代表第一和第二感测鞋之间的距离的距离信号，并且用于基于距离信号确定移动片材的厚度。 间隙传感器包括处理器，该处理器从距离信号确定移动片材的厚度，产生在移动幅材中感测到的块的计数，并产生代表沿着移动片材沿着移动方向的快速厚度变化的裸露轮廓 该表。

公开(公告)号：US5893055A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-06

申请号：US865717

申请日：1997-05-30

Applicant: Shih-Chin Chen

Inventor： Shih-Chin Chen

IPC: G01N21/89 ,  G01N33/34 ,  G06F17/00 ,  G05B13/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/346 ,  G01N21/89

Abstract: A new two-dimensional (2D) variation modeling and control technique for a machine producing a web of material, such as paper, uses functional transformation with basis functions which are wavelets, preferably wavelets derived from and closely resembling the responses generated by actuation of cross direction (CD) actuators of the machine. By using the disclosed functional transformation together with carefully selected basis functions, memory and real-time processing requirements are substantially reduced so that practical controls can be readily implemented. In addition, the functional transformation technique of the present application expands conventional CD correction to also correct for a portion of the residual variations which, until now, have remained uncorrected. The new 2D profile is treated as the superposition of two main components: a pure machine direction (MD) variation component and a two-dimensional sheet variation component. The pure MD variation is identical to the conventional MD variation; however, the two-dimensional sheet variation represents the evolution of a sheet property being measured in both a temporal direction (TD) and a spatial direction (SD), i.e. it includes both the traditional pure CD profile and a portion of the residual variation. The TD is aligned with the MD and the SD is perpendicular to the TD or is aligned with the CD. The new 2D variation is controlled by a new 2D control arrangement which includes an optimal predictive SD controller and a model based TD controller to quickly achieve 2D web uniformity.

Abstract translation: 用于生产材料卷（如纸）的机器的新的二维（2D）变体建模和控制技术使用具有基函数的功能变换，其基本功能是小波，优选来自并非常类似于由交叉致动产生的响应的小波 方向（CD）执行机构。 通过使用所公开的功能变换以及仔细选择的基本功能，显着地减少了存储器和实时处理要求，从而可以容易地实现实际的控制。 此外，本申请的功能转换技术扩展了常规的CD校正，以便修正迄今为止尚未校正的残余变化的一部分。 新的2D轮廓被视为两个主要部件的叠加：纯机器方向（MD）变化部件和二维薄片变化部件。 纯MD变化与常规MD变化相同; 然而，二维薄片变化表示在时间方向（TD）和空间方向（SD）上测量的片材性质的演变，即它包括传统的纯CD轮廓和残余变化的一部分。 TD与MD对齐，SD与TD垂直，或与CD对齐。 新的2D变型由新的2D控制装置控制，其包括最佳预测SD控制器和基于模型的TD控制器以快速实现2D网均匀性。

公开(公告)号：US5715158A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-03

申请号：US656672

申请日：1996-05-31

Applicant: Shih-Chin Chen

Inventor： Shih-Chin Chen

IPC: D21G9/00 ,  D21H23/78 ,  G05B13/04

CPC classification number: D21G9/0027 ,  D21H23/78 ,  G05B13/04

Abstract: Sensors are spaced along an extended process from its beginning end to its finishing end. Each sensor is associated with a parallel inferential control loop (PICL) and generates an actual measurement signal for a portion of the process. Each PICL includes a process model emulating the sensed portion of the process with the process models being cascaded from the beginning end through and including the finishing end. Each PICL generates a loop control signal corresponding to its sensed portion of process with the loop control signals from the PICLs being summed to generate a total control signal which controls a control element at the beginning end of the process and also is received by the first or most up-stream process model. The process models produce expected measurement signals which are combined with the actual measurement signals to determine difference signals for each PICL which includes a reset model emulating the sensed portion of the process. Each reset model receives a reset input signal from a preceding PICL and generates a reset output signal to decouple control of preceding PICLs from the PICL receiving the reset input signal. One or more of the PICLs can be disabled provided its deviation signal and setpoint signal are nullified, its reset output signal is routed to be the reset input signal for the succeeding PICL and any setpoint signal for the loop is converted and transferred from the disabled loop to a preceding loop.

Abstract translation: 传感器沿着从其起始端到终点的延伸过程间隔开。 每个传感器与并行推理控制回路（PICL）相关联，并为过程的一部分生成实际的测量信号。 每个PICL包括仿真过程的感测部分的过程模型，其中过程模型从始端通过并包括整理结束级联。 每个PICL产生对应于其感测到的部分处理的环路控制信号，其中来自PICL的环路控制信号相加以产生控制在处理开始端的控制元件的总控制信号，并且还由第一或 大多数上游流程模型。 过程模型产生与实际测量信号组合的预期测量信号，以确定每个PICL的差分信号，其包括模拟感测部分过程的复位模型。 每个复位模型接收来自先前PICL的复位输入信号，并产生复位输出信号，以将先前PICL的控制与接收复位输入信号的PICL去耦。 一个或多个PICL可以被禁用，只要其偏差信号和设定点信号无效，其复位输出信号被路由为后续PICL的复位输入信号，并且环路的任何设定点信号被转换并从禁止环路传输 到前一循环。

公开(公告)号：US5611396A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-18

申请号：US293396

申请日：1994-08-19

Applicant: Gordon K. Reed

Inventor： Gordon K. Reed

IPC: D21F7/06 ,  D21G1/02 ,  B60H1/00

CPC classification number: D21F7/06 ,  D21G1/0273 ,  D21G1/0286

Abstract: A throttle valve is provided in each actuator of a calender roll controller with the throttle valve controlling an internal air orifice within each actuator to provide a substantially uniform air mass flow of either hot or cold air. Each throttle valve is controlled in response to the temperature of the air being delivered by the actuator such that a smaller orifice is provided for hot air than for cold air to provide substantially uniform air mass flow from each of the actuators and therefore substantially uniform air velocity to better control the temperatures of the longitudinal zones of a calender roll and better maintain boundaries between the zones. In addition to throttle valve control of the actuators, an air scoop concentric with a calender roll being controlled and spaced from the calender roll is provided to channel air from the actuators over the calender roll. The scoop comprises heat insulating material to prevent heat loss out the back of the scoop. In addition, a plurality of arcuate zone strips are provided on the concave inner surface of the scoop and in substantial alignment with the plurality of actuators for channeling air from the actuators. The arcuate zone strips are spaced apart from one another for thermal separation such that thermal diffusion among longitudinal zones of a calender roll within the scoop are substantially eliminated.

Abstract translation: 节气门设置在砑光辊控制器的每个致动器中，节流阀控制每个致动器内的内部空气孔，以提供热空气或冷空气基本均匀的空气质量流。 每个节流阀根据由致动器输送的空气的温度来控制，使得为热空气提供较冷的空气更小的孔，以提供来自每个致动器的基本上均匀的空气质量流，因此基本上均匀的气流速度 以更好地控制压延辊的纵向区域的温度并且更好地保持区域之间的边界。 除了致动器的节流阀控制之外，提供与压延辊同心的空气勺，其与砑光辊一起被控制和间隔开，以使来自致动器的空气通过砑光辊。 勺子包括隔热材料，以防止勺背后的热量损失。 此外，多个弧形区带设置在勺子的凹内表面上，并且与多个致动器基本上对准，用于引导来自致动器的空气。 弧形区带彼此间隔开以进行热分离，从而基本上消除了勺内砑光辊的纵向区域之间的热扩散。