-
公开(公告)号：US4409416A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-11
申请号：US353314
申请日：1982-03-01
摘要： A process for cracking lignin-containing feed materials, such as precipitated from black liquor, to produce hydrocarbon products such as ethylene, utilizing dual fluidized beds of particulate solids in series flow arrangement. In the process, the feedstock is introduced with a diluent gas such as steam into the first or fast fluidized bed for cracking reactions at superficial gas velocity exceeding about 5 ft/sec. A particulate solids carrier material, which can comprise at least partly coke produced in the process, is circulated between the beds, and coke deposited on the carrier in the first or cracking bed at 1000.degree.-1600.degree. F. temperature is burned off in a second or combustion bed maintained at 1400.degree.-2000.degree. F. temperature by an oxygen-containing gas and diluent steam introduced therein. Superficial upward gas velocity in the fast fluidized bed zone exceeds about 5 ft/sec. and the bed density exceeds about 3 lb/cu.ft. If desired, some externally supplied particulate solids carrier material also can be used in the process. Also, supplemental fuel can be supplied to the slow bed combustion zone if needed to maintain the desired temperature therein.
摘要翻译： 一种裂解含木质素的进料物质的方法，例如从黑液中沉淀出来，以串联流动方式利用颗粒状固体的双流化床生产烃产物如乙烯。 在此过程中，将原料与诸如蒸汽的稀释气体一起引入第一或快速流化床中，以超过约5英尺/秒的表观气体速度进行裂化反应。 可以包括至少部分在该方法中生产的焦炭的颗粒状固体载体材料在床之间循环，并且在1000°-116°F下沉积在第一或裂解床中的载体上的焦炭在一个 第二或燃烧床保持在1400°-2000°F温度，通过其中引入的含氧气体和稀释剂蒸气。 快速流化床区域中表面向上的气体速度超过约5英尺/秒。 床密度超过3磅/立方英尺。 如果需要，一些外部供应的颗粒状固体载体材料也可用于该方法中。 此外，如果需要，补充燃料可以供应到慢床燃烧区，以保持其中所需的温度。
-
公开(公告)号：US4842719A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US876307
申请日：1986-06-18
IPC分类号： C10G1/00
CPC分类号： C10G1/006
摘要： A process for two-stage catalytic hydrogenation and liquefaction of coal to produce increased yields of low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid and gas products. In the process, the particulate coal is slurried with a process-derived liquid solvent and fed at temperature below about 650.degree. F. into a first stage catalytic reaction zone operated at conditions which promote controlled rate liquefaction of the coal, while simultaneously hydrogenating the hydrocarbon recycle oils at conditions favoring hydrogenation reactions. The first stage reactor is maintained at 650.degree.-800.degree. F. temperature, 1000-4000 psig hydrogen partial pressure, and 10-60 lb coal/hr/ft.sup.3 reactor space velocity. The partially hydrogenated material from the first stage reaction zone is passed directly to the close-coupled second stage catalytic reaction zone maintained at a temperature at least about 25.degree. F. higher than for the first stage reactor and within a range of 750.degree.-875.degree. F. temperature for further hydrogenation and thermal hydroconversion reactions. By this process, the coal feed is successively catalytically hydrogenated and hydroconverted at selected conditions, which results in significantly increased yields of desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products and minimal production of undesirable residuum and unconverted coal and hydrocarbon gases, with use of less energy to obtain the low molecular weight products, while catalyst life is substantially increased.
摘要翻译： 一种两阶段催化氢化和液化煤的方法，以产生低沸点烃液体和气体产物的产量。 在该过程中，颗粒状煤用工艺衍生的液体溶剂浆化并在低于约650°F的温度下进料到在促进煤的受控速率液化的条件下操作的第一级催化反应区，同时使烃 循环油在有利于氢化反应的条件下。 第一级反应器保持在650-800°F的温度，1000-4000psig的氢气分压和10-60磅煤/小时/立方米的反应器空间速度。 来自第一级反应区的部分氢化的物质直接通入保持在比第一级反应器高至少约25°F的温度的紧耦合的第二级催化反应区，并且在750°-875的范围内 温度进一步氢化和热加氢转化反应。 通过这个过程，煤炭进料在选择的条件下依次进行催化氢化和加氢转化，这导致所需的低沸点烃液体产物的产量显着提高，并且不需要的残渣和未转化的煤和碳氢化合物气体的产生量减少， 获得低分子量产物，而催化剂寿命显着增加。
-
公开(公告)号：US4839030A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-13
申请号：US199493
申请日：1988-05-27
IPC分类号： C10G1/08
CPC分类号： C10G1/083 , Y10S208/952
摘要： A coal hydrogenation and liquefaction process in which particulate coal feed is pressurized to an intermediate pressure of at least 500 psig and slurried with CO.sub.2 liquid to provide a flowable coal/CO.sub.2 slurry feedstream, which is further pressurized to at least 1000 psig and fed into a catalytic reactor. The coal particle size is 50-375 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series) and provides 50-80 W % coal in the coal/CO.sub.2 slurry feedstream. Catalytic reaction conditions are maintained at 650.degree.-850.degree. F. temperature, 1000-4000 psig hydrogen partial pressure and coal feed rate of 10-100 lb coal/hr ft.sup.3 reactor volume to produce hydrocarbon gas and liquid products. The hydrogen and CO.sub.2 are recovered from the reactor effluent gaseous fraction, hydrogen is recycled to the catalytic reactor, and CO.sub.2 is liquefied and recycled to the coal slurrying step. If desired, two catalytic reaction stages close coupled together in series relation can be used. The process advantageously minimizes the recycle and processing of excess hydrocarbon liquid previously needed for slurrying the coal feed to the reactor(s).
摘要翻译： 煤炭加氢和液化过程，其中颗粒煤进料被加压至至少500psig的中间压力并用CO 2液体浆化以提供可流动的煤/ CO 2浆料进料流，其进一步加压至至少1000psig并进料至 催化反应器。 煤粒度为50-375目（美国筛系列），在煤/二氧化碳浆料进料流中提供50-80％的煤。 催化反应条件保持在650°-850°F的温度，1000-4000psig的氢气分压和10-100lb煤/ hr ft 3反应器体积的煤进料速率，以产生烃气体和液体产物。 从反应器流出气体馏分中回收氢气和二氧化碳，将氢气再循环到催化反应器中，并将二氧化碳液化并再循环至煤浆化步骤。 如果需要，可以使用两个串联连接在一起的催化反应级。 该方法有利地使先前需要的过量碳氢化合物液体的再循环和加工最小化，以使煤进料到反应器中。
-
4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4510037A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-09
申请号：US565248
申请日：1983-12-23
申请人： Edwin S. Johanson , Paul D. Schuler
发明人： Edwin S. Johanson , Paul D. Schuler
摘要： Thermal hydrogenation of solids-containing carbonaceous feed materials to produce hydrocarbon gaseous and liquid products is performed in a thermal reaction zone, in which the feed material flows generally downwardly countercurrent to upflowing hydrogen and recycled hydrocarbon liquid. The recycled hydrocarbon liquid is at a rate sufficient to control the settling of solids-containing feed through the reactor, and is obtained from the reaction zone upper end by phase separation from gaseous effluent at reaction conditions. The gaseous effluent material is removed from the thermal reaction zone upper end, and heavy liquid material containing less than about 40 W % solids is withdrawn from the reaction zone bottom end, with both streams being passed to further phase separation and distillation steps for recovery of the hydrocarbon gas and liquid products. The process is useful for hydroconversion of solids-containing tar sand bitumen, shale oil and particularly for coal, with the coal being fed into the thermal reaction zone as a coal-oil slurry. If desired, the heavy liquid bottoms stream withdrawn from the lower end of the thermal reaction zone containing unconverted coal and ash solids can be advantageously passed to a second reaction zone containing an ebullated catalyst bed for further hydrogenation reaction to increase the conversion and yield of low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products.
摘要翻译： 含固体含碳原料的热氢化产生碳氢化合物气态和液态产物是在热反应区进行的，其中原料通常向下流动逆向向上流向氢气和循环烃液体。 回收的烃液体的速度足以控制通过反应器的含固体物质的沉降，并且通过在反应条件下与气态流出物相分离从反应区上端获得。 将气态流出物从热反应区上端除去，含有少于约40W％固体的重液体物质从反应区底端排出，两条流通过进一步的相分离和蒸馏步骤，以回收 烃类气体和液体产品。 该方法对于含固体的焦油砂沥青，页岩油，特别是煤的加氢转化是有用的，其中煤作为煤 - 油浆料进料到热反应区。 如果需要，从含有未转化的煤和灰分固体的热反应区的下端取出的重液体塔底物流可以有利地被传送到含有沸腾催化剂床的第二反应区，用于进一步的氢化反应，以提高低转化率和低的转化率 沸腾烃类液体产品。
-
公开(公告)号：US4404084A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-13
申请号：US357230
申请日：1982-03-11
CPC分类号： C10G1/083
摘要： An improved process for hydrogenation of coal containing ash with agglomeration and removal of ash from an ebullated bed catalytic reactor to produce deashed hydrocarbon liquid and gas products. In the process, a flowable coal-oil slurry is reacted with hydrogen in an ebullated catalyst bed reaction zone at elevated temperature and pressure conditions. The upward velocity and viscosity of the reactor liquid are controlled so that a substantial portion of the ash released from the coal is agglomerated to form larger particles in the upper portion of the reactor above the catalyst bed, from which the agglomerated ash is separately withdrawn along with adhering reaction zone liquid. The resulting hydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent material product is phase separated to remove vapor fractions, after which any ash remaining in the liquid fraction can be removed to produce substantially ash-free coal-derived liquid products.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的含煤灰的加氢方法，其结合并从沸腾床催化反应器中除去灰分以产生除油烃液体和气体产物。 在此过程中，在高温和高压条件下，在沸腾的催化剂床反应区中使可流动的煤 - 油浆料与氢气反应。 控制反应器液体的向上速度和粘度使得从煤中释放的大部分灰分凝聚成在催化剂床上方的反应器上部形成较大的颗粒，从其中分离取出附聚灰分 具有粘附反应区液体。 将所得氢化烃流出物产物相分离以除去蒸气馏分，之后可以除去残留在液体馏分中的任何灰分以产生基本上无灰分的来自煤的液体产物。
-
公开(公告)号：US4769219A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US36767
申请日：1987-04-09
摘要： A catalyst rejuvenation vessel assembly for treating particulate used oil-coated catalysts to provide a rejuvenated catalyst material is disclosed. A pressurizable vertically-oriented vessel assembly has inlet and outlet openings for the catalyst and washing fluids, and has a removable lower sub-assembly head portion which contains a conical shaped grid unit located therein. The vessel assembly is arranged to permit solvent washing, vacuum drying and acid treatment and gas drying of the used catalyst in a bed supported above the conical grid, by upward flow and recycle of the washing liquids and fluidization of the catalyst. Following rejuvenation of the catalyst, it is withdrawn form the vessel downwardly through the conical shaped grid and out through a central withdrawal conduit containing a slide valve unit for further processing or use as desired.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于处理颗粒状油涂层催化剂以提供复原催化剂材料的催化剂再生容器组件。 可加压的垂直取向的容器组件具有用于催化剂和洗涤流体的入口和出口，并且具有可拆卸的下部组件头部，其包含位于其中的锥形网格单元。 容器组件布置成允许溶剂洗涤，真空干燥和酸处理，并且通过向上流动和循环洗涤液体并使催化剂流化，在支撑在圆锥形栅格上方的床中使用的催化剂进行气体干燥。 在催化剂复原后，其通过锥形格栅从容器向下取出，并通过包含用于进一步处理或根据需要使用的滑阀单元的中心抽出管道排出。
-
公开(公告)号：US4592826A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-03
申请号：US600067
申请日：1984-04-13
申请人： Partha S. Ganguli
发明人： Partha S. Ganguli
摘要： A process for improving the upgrading/conversion of hydrocarbonaceous materials such as coals, petroleum residual oils, shale oils and tar sand bitumens. In the process, the free radicals formed from thermal cracking of the hydrocarbons are reacted with the free radicals formed by the thermal cracking of a free radical forming chemical reactant, such as dimethyl ether, to yield stable low molecular weight hydrocarbon distillate products. The hydrocarbonaceous feed material is preheated to a temperature of 600.degree.-700.degree. F. and the hydrocarbon and the free radicals forming chemical, such as dimethyl ether, are passed through a flow reactor at temperature of 750.degree.-900.degree. F., pressure of 200-1000 psi, and liquid hourly space velocity of 0.3 to 5.0 LHSV. Free radicals formed from the hydrocarbon feed material and from the ether material react together in the reactor to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbon liquid materials. The weight ratio of ether material to hydrocarbon feed material is between about 0.3 and about 2.0.
摘要翻译： 一种改善含烃材料如煤，石油残油，页岩油和焦油砂沥青的升级/转化的方法。 在此过程中，由烃的热裂解形成的自由基与通过形成自由基的化学反应物如二甲醚的热裂解形成的自由基反应，得到稳定的低分子量烃馏分产物。 将烃类进料预热至600-700°F，将烃和自由基形成化学物质如二甲醚，通过流动反应器，温度为750°-900°F，压力 为200-1000psi，液时空速为0.3-5.0LHSV。 由烃原料和醚材料形成的自由基在反应器中一起反应生成低分子量烃液体材料。 醚材料与烃进料的重量比为约0.3至约2.0。
-
公开(公告)号：US4576710A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-18
申请号：US672841
申请日：1984-11-09
摘要： An improved process for catalytic desulfurization of petroleum residua feedstocks to provide at least about 75% desulfurization of the liquid product while achieving low catalyst deactivation and increased catalyst age. In the process which uses an ebullated catalyst bed reactor, the reaction conditions are usually maintained at 790.degree.-860.degree. F. temperature, 1000-1800 psig hydrogen partial pressure, and 0.2-2.0 Vf/hr/Vr space velocity. To control carbon and metals deposition on the catalyst, used catalyst is withdrawn from the reactor, a minor portion of the catalyst is discarded to control metals deposition and maintain catalyst activity, and the remaining catalyst is regenerated to remove carbon by carbon burnoff and returned to the reactor for further use. If desired, the regenerated catalyst can be presulfided before returning it to the reactor. Following phase separation and distillation steps, the desulfurized hydrocarbon liquid products are withdrawn from the process. For feedstocks requiring higher desulfurization, two stages of catalytic reaction are provided in which the used catalyst is withdrawn from each stage reactor and regenerated to remove carbon and then returned to the same stage reactor. Alternatively, fresh catalyst is added to the second stage only, some used catalyst from the second stage reactor is transferred to the first stage reactor, and used catalyst is discarded from the first stage reactor.
摘要翻译： 一种用于石油残渣原料的催化脱硫的改进方法，以提供液体产物的至少约75％的脱硫，同时实现低催化剂失活和增加的催化剂年龄。 在使用沸腾催化剂床反应器的过程中，反应条件通常保持在790℃-860°F温度，1000-1800psig氢分压和0.2-2.0Vf / hr / Vr空间速度。 为了控制催化剂上的碳和金属沉积，使用的催化剂从反应器中排出，少部分催化剂被丢弃以控制金属沉积并维持催化剂活性，并且剩余的催化剂被再生以通过碳燃烧除去碳并且返回到 反应堆进一步使用。 如果需要，再生催化剂可以在将其返回反应器之前被预硫化。 在相分离和蒸馏步骤之后，从该方法中抽出脱硫烃液体产物。 对于需要更高脱硫性的原料，提供两个阶段的催化反应，其中使用的催化剂从每一级反应器中取出并再生以除去碳，然后返回到同一级反应器。 或者，将新鲜的催化剂仅添加到第二阶段，将来自第二阶段反应器的一些使用的催化剂转移到第一阶段反应器中，并将所使用的催化剂从第一阶段反应器中丢弃。
-
9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4567145A
公开(公告)日：1986-01-28
申请号：US441474
申请日：1982-11-15
CPC分类号： C12R1/85 , C12P7/06 , Y02E50/17 , Y10S435/94
摘要： This invention provides a process for producing ethanol from a D-sugar in a continuous aerobic environment using a flocculant respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces uvarum in a single stage fermentor with a cell settling tank and cell recycle, at a productivity of more than 50 grams ethanol per liter fermentor volume per hour. The process comprises (a) innoculating a fermentation zone with a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces uvarum; (b) feeding a mixture of a D-sugar, a nitrogen source, a vitamin source and a mineral source into the fermentation zone in the presence of oxygen, and (c) fermenting the D-sugar mixture for a sufficiently long period of time to yield an ethanol product. In the process, the yeast are allowed to settle for a sufficiently long period of time and recycled to the fermentation zone to increase ethanol productivity. The preferred D-sugar that may be used in the present process to produce ethanol, is D-glucose.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了在具有细胞沉淀池和细胞再循环的单阶段发酵罐中的使用粟酒酵母的絮凝剂呼吸缺陷突变体的连续需氧环境中从D-糖生产乙醇的方法，其生产率大于50克 乙醇每小时每升发酵罐体积。 该方法包括（a）用酵母菌的呼吸缺陷突变体接种发酵区; （b）在氧气存在下将D-糖，氮源，维生素源和矿物质源的混合物喂入发酵区，和（c）将D-糖混合物发酵足够长的时间 得到乙醇产物。 在此过程中，使酵母沉降足够长的时间并循环到发酵区以提高乙醇的生产率。 可用于本发明方法生产乙醇的优选D-糖是D-葡萄糖。
-
10.发明授权Quenching hydrocarbon effluent from catalytic reactor to avoid precipitation of asphaltene compounds 失效从催化反应器中淬火碳氢化合物流出物，以避免沥青质化合物沉淀
公开(公告)号：US4495060A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US453259
申请日：1982-12-27
申请人： Lawrence M. Abrams
发明人： Lawrence M. Abrams
CPC分类号： C10G47/00
摘要： A process for high hydroconversion of petroleum residua containing at least about 25 V % material boiling above 1000.degree. F. to produce lower boiling hydrocarbon liquid products and avoid undesirable precipitation of asphaltene compounds. In the process, the feedstock is at least about 50 percent catalytically hydroconverted to material boiling below 975.degree. F. and containing a mixture of gas and liquid fractions, after which the gas fraction is removed and the resulting liquid fractions is pressure-reduced and quenched to a temperature below about 775.degree. F. To avoid precipitation of asphaltene compounds which causes operational difficulties in the downstream equipment, the quench liquid used should have an API gravity not more than about 22.degree. API higher than the API gravity of the first pressure-reduced liquid fraction. The resulting liquid fraction is distilled to produce hydrocarbon liquid products, and a residual bottoms fraction is usually recycled to the catalytic reaction step to obtain increased percent conversion to lower boiling liquid products.
摘要翻译： 含有至少约25V％沸点高于1000°F的石油渣的加氢转化方法，以产生较低沸点的烃类液体产物并避免沥青质化合物的不希望的沉淀。 在此过程中，原料至少约为50％催化加氢转化为沸点低于975°F的材料，并含有气体和液体馏分的混合物，之后除去气体馏分，并将所得液体馏分压力降低并淬火 在低于约775°F的温度下，为了避免在下游设备中引起操作困难的沥青质化合物的沉淀，所用的骤冷液体的API比重应不大于第一压力 - 减少液体分数。 将所得液体馏分蒸馏以产生烃液体产物，并且通常将残余塔底馏分循环到催化反应步骤中，以获得增加的转化为较低沸点液体产物的百分比。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
搜索结果
44 条记录 (耗时 0.014 秒)
