公开(公告)号：US08027590B2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-27

申请号：US12234121

申请日：2008-09-19

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/4338

Abstract: A system includes a transmitter is configured to transmit an electromagnetic signal to a receiver, which is configured to receive the electromagnetic signal and another electromagnetic signal for mixing therewith. Propagation paths of the signals to the transmitter and receiver include a first propagation path of the electromagnetic signal to the transmitter, and a second propagation path of the other electromagnetic signal to the receiver. The arrangement, which is located along either or each of the propagation paths of signals to the transmitter and receiver, is configured to alter the length of a respective propagation path. And the processor configured to recover an amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic signal, including being configured to receive a sequence of samples of the received electromagnetic signal, and Discrete Fourier Transformation process the sequence of samples.

Abstract translation: 一种系统，包括发射机，被配置为向接收机发送电磁信号，接收机被配置为接收电磁信号和用于与其混合的另一个电磁信号。 信号到发射机和接收机的传播路径包括电磁信号到发射机的第一传播路径和另一个电磁信号到接收机的第二传播路径。 沿着发送器和接收器的信号的一个或每个传播路径布置的布置被配置为改变相应传播路径的长度。 并且处理器被配置为恢复所发射的电磁信号的幅度和相位，包括被配置为接收所接收的电磁信号的采样序列，并且离散傅里叶变换处理该采样序列。

公开(公告)号：US20060226348A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：US11095180

申请日：2005-03-31

Applicant: Rene Abreu ,  Jeffrey Grotts ,  Alexander Majewski

Inventor： Rene Abreu ,  Jeffrey Grotts ,  Alexander Majewski

IPC: G01J1/04

CPC classification number: G01N21/21 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/447

Abstract: A system for processing signals includes a receiver assembly for receiving a signal. The signal has a sample component with a sample electric field and a sample polarization, and has a reference component with a reference electric field and a reference polarization. The receiver assembly includes an analyzer for polarimetrically processing the signal, including differencing the signal to generate a difference electric field proportional to the difference of the sample and reference electric fields. By polarimetrically differencing the signal, the analyzer reduces the magnitude of the common-mode signal at the difference signal receiver. The receiver assembly includes an electric-field detector for measuring the difference electric field such that the reduction in common-mode amplitude decreases the noise equivalent power of the electric-field detector. One advantage of the present invention, then, is the reduction of noise equivalent power of the electric-field detector when measuring small variations in large electric fields.

Abstract translation: 用于处理信号的系统包括用于接收信号的接收机组件。 该信号具有样本电场和样本偏振的样本分量，并且具有参考电场和参考极化的参考分量。 接收器组件包括用于对信号进行偏振处理的分析器，包括差分信号以产生与样本和参考电场的差成正比的差电场。 通过对信号进行极化差分，分析仪减小差分信号接收器处共模信号的幅度。 接收器组件包括用于测量差分电场的电场检测器，使得共模幅度的降低降低了电场检测器的噪声等效功率。 因此，本发明的一个优点是当测量大电场的小变化时，降低电场检测器的噪声当量功率。

公开(公告)号：US20110235022A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

申请号：US12731941

申请日：2010-03-25

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Rene Abreu

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Rene Abreu

IPC: G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01N21/3581 ,  G01J3/42

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a cavity ring-down spectrometer and a processor. The spectrometer is configured to pass, through a cavity resonator, a modulated, continuous-wave electromagnetic signal at each of one or more selectable, transmission frequencies in the Terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The spectrometer includes a transmitter that, with the cavity resonator, is configured so as to excite a single resonant mode of the cavity resonator. The processor is configured to receive a measurement of the passed portion of the modulated electromagnetic signal, and determine a phase shift of the modulated electromagnetic signal based upon the measurement. The processor is then configured to calculate a ring-down time of the cavity resonator as a function of the phase shift.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种包括空腔衰减光谱仪和处理器的系统。 光谱仪配置成在电磁光谱的太赫兹区域中的一个或多个可选择的传输频率的每一个处通过空腔谐振器传递调制的连续波电磁信号。 光谱仪包括一个发射器，通过空腔谐振器，发射器被配置成激发腔谐振器的单谐振模式。 处理器被配置为接收经调制的电磁信号的通过部分的测量，并且基于测量来确定调制的电磁信号的相移。 然后处理器被配置为根据相移来计算空腔谐振器的衰减时间。

公开(公告)号：US20100074626A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-25

申请号：US12234121

申请日：2008-09-19

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

IPC: H04B10/12

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/4338

Abstract: A system includes a transmitter is configured to transmit an electromagnetic signal to a receiver, which is configured to receive the electromagnetic signal and another electromagnetic signal for mixing therewith. Propagation paths of the signals to the transmitter and receiver include a first propagation path of the electromagnetic signal to the transmitter, and a second propagation path of the other electromagnetic signal to the receiver. The arrangement, which is located along either or each of the propagation paths of signals to the transmitter and receiver, is configured to alter the length of a respective propagation path. And the processor configured to recover an amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic signal, including being configured to receive a sequence of samples of the received electromagnetic signal, and Discrete Fourier Transformation process the sequence of samples.

Abstract translation: 一种系统，包括发射机，被配置为向接收机发送电磁信号，接收机被配置为接收电磁信号和用于与其混合的另一个电磁信号。 信号到发射机和接收机的传播路径包括电磁信号到发射机的第一传播路径和另一个电磁信号到接收机的第二传播路径。 沿着发送器和接收器的信号的一个或每个传播路径布置的布置被配置为改变相应传播路径的长度。 并且处理器被配置为恢复所发射的电磁信号的幅度和相位，包括被配置为接收所接收的电磁信号的采样序列，并且离散傅里叶变换处理该采样序列。

公开(公告)号：US08299433B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-30

申请号：US12731909

申请日：2010-03-25

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Malcolm J. MacFarlane

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Malcolm J. MacFarlane

IPC: G01J5/00 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G02B17/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/031 ,  G01N21/3581 ,  G01N2201/0668

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a field reflector and a plurality of pairs of object reflectors. The apparatus also includes a plurality of source and detector port pairs, where each source port is configured to pass a beam of radiation, and each detector port is configured to receive a beam of radiation. The source and detector ports of each pair are positioned proximate an outer edge of the field reflector such that an optical axis of the field reflector lies between the respective source port and detector port. The object reflectors and source and detector port pairs are arranged such that each source and detector port pair is associated with a respective pair of object reflectors forming a distinct channel, where the source and detector port pair, and centers of the associated pair of object reflectors, of each channel lie in a distinct plane.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种包括场反射器和多对物体反射器的装置。 该装置还包括多个源和检测器端口对，其中每个源端口被配置为通过辐射束，并且每个检测器端口被配置为接收辐射束。 每对的源极和检测器端口位于场反射器的外边缘附近，使得场反射器的光轴位于相应的源极端口和检测器端口之间。 对象反射器和源和检测器端口对被布置成使得每个源极和检测器端口对与形成不同通道的相应对物体反射器相关联，其中源极和检测器端口对以及相关联的物体反射体对的中心 ，每个通道位于一个不同的平面。

公开(公告)号：US08144323B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

申请号：US12731941

申请日：2010-03-25

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Rene Abreu

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Rene Abreu

IPC: G01J3/28

CPC classification number: G01N21/3581 ,  G01J3/42

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a cavity ring-down spectrometer and a processor. The spectrometer is configured to pass, through a cavity resonator, a modulated, continuous-wave electromagnetic signal at each of one or more selectable, transmission frequencies in the Terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The spectrometer includes a transmitter that, with the cavity resonator, is configured so as to excite a single resonant mode of the cavity resonator. The processor is configured to receive a measurement of the passed portion of the modulated electromagnetic signal, and determine a phase shift of the modulated electromagnetic signal based upon the measurement. The processor is then configured to calculate a ring-down time of the cavity resonator as a function of the phase shift.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种包括空腔衰减光谱仪和处理器的系统。 光谱仪配置成在电磁光谱的太赫兹区域中的一个或多个可选择的传输频率的每一个处通过空腔谐振器传递调制的连续波电磁信号。 光谱仪包括一个发射器，通过空腔谐振器，发射器被配置成激发腔谐振器的单谐振模式。 处理器被配置为接收经调制的电磁信号的通过部分的测量，并且基于测量来确定调制的电磁信号的相移。 然后处理器被配置为根据相移来计算空腔谐振器的衰减时间。

公开(公告)号：US08296106B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-23

申请号：US12712811

申请日：2010-02-25

Applicant: Robert Noll ,  Aaron Turner ,  Alexander Majewski

Inventor： Robert Noll ,  Aaron Turner ,  Alexander Majewski

IPC: G06F17/16 ,  G06F17/40

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/3581

Abstract: A method is provided that includes receiving and processing a sample signal scan. Processing the sample signal scan includes applying an inner-product operation on the sample signal scan and each of a plurality of eigenvectors to generate a plurality of corresponding coefficients, and subtracting the sample signal scan from a linear combination of the eigenvectors and corresponding coefficients to thereby produce a corrected sample signal scan. In this regard, the eigenvectors have been generated by decomposing a plurality of background reference signal scans according to a singular value decomposition technique. The signal scans include a plurality of electromagnetic signal measurements at a discrete set of frequencies, where each measurement has been taken by a spectrometer system passing an electromagnetic signal through a sample cell including just a base medium (for the background reference signal scans), or both a base medium and a sample medium (for the sample signal scan).

Abstract translation: 提供了一种包括接收和处理采样信号扫描的方法。 处理样本信号扫描包括对采样信号扫描和多个特征向量中的每一个应用内积运算以产生多个对应系数，并从特征向量和对应系数的线性组合中减去采样信号扫描，由此 产生校正的采样信号扫描。 在这方面，通过根据奇异值分解技术分解多个背景参考信号扫描来生成特征向量。 信号扫描包括在离散频率集合处的多个电磁信号测量，其中每个测量已经由光谱仪系统拍摄，光谱仪系统通过电磁信号通过仅包括基本介质（用于背景参考信号扫描）的采样单元，或 基本介质和样品介质（用于采样信号扫描）。

公开(公告)号：US20110233406A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

申请号：US12731909

申请日：2010-03-25

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Malcolm J. MacFarlane

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Robert Noll ,  Malcolm J. MacFarlane

IPC: G01J5/00 ,  G01T1/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/031 ,  G01N21/3581 ,  G01N2201/0668

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a field reflector and a plurality of pairs of object reflectors. The apparatus also includes a plurality of source and detector port pairs, where each source port is configured to pass a beam of radiation, and each detector port is configured to receive a beam of radiation. The source and detector ports of each pair are positioned proximate an outer edge of the field reflector such that an optical axis of the field reflector lies between the respective source port and detector port. The object reflectors and source and detector port pairs are arranged such that each source and detector port pair is associated with a respective pair of object reflectors forming a distinct channel, where the source and detector port pair, and centers of the associated pair of object reflectors, of each channel lie in a distinct plane.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种包括场反射器和多对物体反射器的装置。 该装置还包括多个源和检测器端口对，其中每个源端口被配置为通过辐射束，并且每个检测器端口被配置为接收辐射束。 每对的源极和检测器端口位于场反射器的外边缘附近，使得场反射器的光轴位于相应的源极端口和检测器端口之间。 对象反射器和源和检测器端口对被布置成使得每个源极和检测器端口对与形成不同通道的相应对物体反射器相关联，其中源极和检测器端口对以及相关联的物体反射体对的中心 ，每个通道位于一个不同的平面。

公开(公告)号：US20110204235A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-25

申请号：US12712736

申请日：2010-02-25

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

IPC: G01J5/02

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/3581 ,  G01N21/41

Abstract: A system includes a transmitter is configured to transmit an electromagnetic signal through a sample cell (including a sample medium) to a receiver, which is configured to receive the electromagnetic signal and another electromagnetic signal for mixing therewith. Propagation paths of the signals to the transmitter and receiver include a first propagation path of the electromagnetic signal to the transmitter, and a second propagation path of the other electromagnetic signal to the receiver. The arrangement, which is located along either or each of the propagation paths of signals to the transmitter and receiver, is configured to alter the length of a respective propagation path. And the processor configured to recover an amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic signal, and calculate a complex index of refraction of the sample medium as a function of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic signal.

Abstract translation: 一种系统，包括：发射机，被配置为通过采样单元（包括样本介质）将电磁信号传输到接收机，接收机被配置为接收电磁信号和用于与其混合的另一个电磁信号。 信号到发射机和接收机的传播路径包括电磁信号到发射机的第一传播路径和另一个电磁信号到接收机的第二传播路径。 沿着发送器和接收器的信号的一个或每个传播路径布置的布置被配置为改变相应传播路径的长度。 并且处理器被配置为恢复所发射的电磁信号的振幅和相位，并且根据所发射的电磁信号的幅度和相位来计算样品介质的复合折射率。

公开(公告)号：US08003947B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-23

申请号：US12712736

申请日：2010-02-25

Applicant: Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

Inventor： Alexander Majewski ,  Rene Abreu

IPC: G01N21/17

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/3581 ,  G01N21/41

Abstract: A system includes a transmitter is configured to transmit an electromagnetic signal through a sample cell (including a sample medium) to a receiver, which is configured to receive the electromagnetic signal and another electromagnetic signal for mixing therewith. Propagation paths of the signals to the transmitter and receiver include a first propagation path of the electromagnetic signal to the transmitter, and a second propagation path of the other electromagnetic signal to the receiver. The arrangement, which is located along either or each of the propagation paths of signals to the transmitter and receiver, is configured to alter the length of a respective propagation path. And the processor configured to recover an amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic signal, and calculate a complex index of refraction of the sample medium as a function of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic signal.

Abstract translation: 一种系统，包括：发射机，被配置为通过采样单元（包括样本介质）将电磁信号传输到接收机，接收机被配置为接收电磁信号和用于与其混合的另一个电磁信号。 信号到发射机和接收机的传播路径包括电磁信号到发射机的第一传播路径和另一个电磁信号到接收机的第二传播路径。 沿着发送器和接收器的信号的一个或每个传播路径布置的布置被配置为改变相应传播路径的长度。 并且处理器被配置为恢复所发射的电磁信号的振幅和相位，并且根据所发射的电磁信号的幅度和相位来计算样品介质的复合折射率。