公开(公告)号：US07512702B1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-31

申请号：US10199760

申请日：2002-07-19

申请人： Sunil K. Srivastava ,  Daniel C. Tappan

发明人： Sunil K. Srivastava ,  Daniel C. Tappan

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L67/1008 ,  H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/38 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/101

摘要： A method and apparatus providing highly scalable server load balancing are disclosed. Data packets from a client are routed through one or more routers to a server load balancer, which is selected from among a plurality of server load balancers in a network. In response to receiving a request packet, a particular server site to process the client request is selected. A first path to a second router associated with the particular server site, and a second path to a server load-balancing device associated with the second router, are determined. A mapping of flow identifying information, associated with the packet, to a first label value that identifies the first path and to a second label value that identifies the second path, is created. The first label value and the second label value are stored in the packet. All subsequent packets associated with the client request are forwarded to the server load-balancing device based on looking up the first label value and second label value in the mapping. As a result, a network is scalable to process and load-balance numerous client requests, which are efficiently routed to the site, server load-balancer, and server that are handling the request.

摘要翻译： 公开了提供高度可伸缩的服务器负载均衡的方法和装置。 来自客户端的数据分组通过一个或多个路由器被路由到从网络中的多个服务器负载平衡器中选择的服务器负载均衡器。 响应于接收到请求分组，选择处理客户端请求的特定服务器站点。 确定与特定服务器站点相关联的到第二路由器的第一路径，以及到与第二路由器相关联的服务器负载平衡设备的第二路径。 创建与分组相关联的流标识信息到标识第一路径的第一标签值和标识第二路径的第二标签值的映射。 第一个标签值和第二个标签值存储在数据包中。 基于在映射中查找第一个标签值和第二个标签值，将与客户端请求相关联的所有后续数据包转发到服务器负载平衡设备。 因此，网络可扩展以处理和负载平衡许多客户端请求，这些请求被有效地路由到正在处理请求的站点，服务器负载平衡器和服务器。

公开(公告)号：US07246175B1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-17

申请号：US10013818

申请日：2001-12-07

申请人： Daniel C. Tappan ,  Eric C. Rosen ,  Ole Troan ,  Parag Jain ,  Eric Levy-Abegnoli ,  Luc Revardel ,  Francois Le Faucheur

发明人： Daniel C. Tappan ,  Eric C. Rosen ,  Ole Troan ,  Parag Jain ,  Eric Levy-Abegnoli ,  Luc Revardel ,  Francois Le Faucheur

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L29/12358 ,  H04L29/12424 ,  H04L29/12509 ,  H04L29/12547 ,  H04L45/502 ,  H04L61/251 ,  H04L61/2535 ,  H04L61/2567 ,  H04L61/2582 ,  H04L69/16 ,  H04L69/167

摘要： IPv6 traffic may be carried through an MPLS IPv4 network without the use of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling. This provides great savings in overhead, signaling, and state information storage and also allows for routing through the MPLS IPv4 network to adjust in response to changes in network state. In one embodiment, an edge node of an MPLS IPv4 network resolves a destination IPv6 network of a received IPv6 packet to an MPLS label switched path. The resolution exploits received inter-domain routing information. This information identifies the IPv4 address of an egress node that is usable as a gateway to the destination network. Within the inter-domain routing information, the IPv4 address may be encoded in IPv6 format.

摘要翻译： IPv6流量可以通过MPLS IPv4网络进行，而不需要使用IPv6 over-IPv4隧道。 这提供了开销，信令和状态信息存储的巨大节省，还允许通过MPLS IPv4网络进行路由以根据网络状态的变化进行调整。 在一个实施例中，MPLS IPv4网络的边缘节点将接收的IPv6分组的目的IPv6网络解析为MPLS标签交换路径。 该解决方案利用收到的域间路由信息。 该信息标识可用作目的地网络的网关的出口节点的IPv4地址。 在域间路由信息中，IPv4地址可以以IPv6格式编码。

公开(公告)号：US06295296B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

申请号：US09149193

申请日：1998-09-08

申请人： Daniel C. Tappan

发明人： Daniel C. Tappan

IPC分类号： H04L1256

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L69/22

摘要： A router (10) in a packet-based telecommunications system receives incoming packets that may have “shim” headers between their link-layer and network-layer headers. The shim header contains one or stack entries, each of which includes a label, and the router can employ the label in the top stack entry as direct index into a forwarding table that the router uses to forward the packet. Among the forwarding table's contents is a pointer to a replacement data structure (62). To assemble an outgoing packet to be forwarded in the incoming packet's place, the router replaces the incoming packet's link-layer header and any top shim-header stack entry with the replacement data structure. The router employs this mechanism (1) to impose a shim header on packets that did not have them previously, (2) to replace shim-header stack entries for forwarding to subsequent routers, and (3) to remove shim headers.

摘要翻译： 基于分组的电信系统中的路由器（10）接收在它们的链路层和网络层报头之间可能具有“垫片”报头的输入分组。 垫片头包含一个或堆叠条目，每个条目包括一个标签，并且路由器可以使用顶部堆叠条目中的标签作为路由器用于转发数据包的转发表的直接索引。 转发表的内容是指向替换数据结构的指针（62）。 要组装一个要传入数据包的转发数据包，路由器将替换数据结构替换传入的数据包的链路层头和任何顶部的Shim-header栈条目。 路由器采用这种机制（1）在先前没有它们的数据包上施加垫片头，（2）替换shim-header栈条目以转发到后续路由器，（3）去除shim头。

公开(公告)号：US06603756B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-05

申请号：US10269330

申请日：2002-10-11

申请人： Daniel C. Tappan

发明人： Daniel C. Tappan

IPC分类号： H04L1256

CPC分类号： H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： A router has a first interface to receive a packet from an external autonomous system and a second interface to transmit the packet as an outgoing packet to a border router. A processing engine places a first tag on the outgoing packet in accordance with a standard tag switching protocol. A shared field in the outgoing packet has at least one bit to indicate a use of the shared field, the at least one bit set by the processing engine to indicate the shared field carries a second tag, the second tag indicating a route from the border router to a destination of the packet.

摘要翻译： 路由器具有从外部自主系统接收分组的第一接口和将分组作为输出分组发送到边界路由器的第二接口。 处理引擎根据标准标签交换协议将第一标签放置在输出分组上。 输出分组中的共享字段具有至少一个比特以指示共享字段的使用，由处理引擎设置的至少一个比特指示共享字段携带第二标签，第二标签指示来自边界的路由 路由器到数据包的目的地。

公开(公告)号：US08001252B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US12415396

申请日：2009-03-31

申请人： James N. Guichard ,  Mohammed Sayeed ,  Bertrand Duvivier ,  Daniel C. Tappan ,  W. Scott Wainner ,  Earl Hardin Booth ,  Christopher Metz ,  W. Mark Townsley ,  Wojciech Dec

发明人： James N. Guichard ,  Mohammed Sayeed ,  Bertrand Duvivier ,  Daniel C. Tappan ,  W. Scott Wainner ,  Earl Hardin Booth ,  Christopher Metz ,  W. Mark Townsley ,  Wojciech Dec

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L12/4633

摘要： A method, apparatus and computer program product for routing data within a packet-switched network using a PW wherein the PW is terminated directly on the layer-3 routing device such that certain services and applications can be utilized is presented. The method, apparatus and computer program product receives an encapsulated layer-2 Protocol Data Unit (PDU) from a pseudowire emulating a service. The encapsulation is removed from the encapsulated layer-2 PDU and a layer-2 circuit associated with the pseudowire is terminated. The circuit is treated as an interface and the PDU is forwarded based on upper layer protocol information within the PDU.

摘要翻译： 一种用于使用PW在分组交换网络内路由数据的方法，装置和计算机程序产品，其中PW直接终止在第3层路由设备上，使得可以利用某些服务和应用。 方法，装置和计算机程序产品从模拟服务的伪线接收封装的第二层协议数据单元（PDU）。 从封装层2 PDU去除封装，并终止与伪线相关联的二层电路。 该电路被视为一个接口，并且基于PDU内的上层协议信息转发PDU。

公开(公告)号：US20090169202A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US12403649

申请日：2009-03-13

申请人： Richard Bradford ,  Daniel C. Tappan

发明人： Richard Bradford ,  Daniel C. Tappan

IPC分类号： H04B10/08 ,  H04B17/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/00

摘要： Systems and methods for link discovery and verification that minimize the need for line termination resources to generate and interpret packets. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for operating a first node in a data communication network to verify connectivity to a second node includes sending a request for verification of connectivity to the second node that identifies an IP address of the first node, a port of the first node, and an IP address of the second node. The method also includes toggling a signal emitted by the port, and notifying the second node of a toggling mode of the port. Finally, the method includes receiving a first message from the second node indicating whether the second node detected the toggling. The request for verification of connectivity is sent on a control channel via a control message separate from the signal and the first message.

摘要翻译： 用于链接发现和验证的系统和方法，可最大限度地减少线路终端资源生成和解释数据包的需求。 根据本发明的一个方面，一种用于操作数据通信网络中的第一节点以验证与第二节点的连接性的方法包括：向第二节点发送用于验证与第一节点的IP地址的连接的验证请求， 第一节点的端口和第二节点的IP地址。 该方法还包括切换端口发出的信号，并通知端口的切换模式的第二节点。 最后，该方法包括从第二节点接收指示第二节点是否检测到切换的第一消息。 通过与信号和第一消息分开的控制消息在控制信道上发送连接验证请求。

公开(公告)号：US07526571B1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-28

申请号：US11811515

申请日：2007-06-11

申请人： Daniel C. Tappan ,  Eric C. Rosen ,  Ole Troan ,  Parag Jain ,  Eric Levy-Abegnoli ,  Luc Revardel ,  Francois Le Faucheur

发明人： Daniel C. Tappan ,  Eric C. Rosen ,  Ole Troan ,  Parag Jain ,  Eric Levy-Abegnoli ,  Luc Revardel ,  Francois Le Faucheur

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L29/12358 ,  H04L29/12424 ,  H04L29/12509 ,  H04L29/12547 ,  H04L45/502 ,  H04L61/251 ,  H04L61/2535 ,  H04L61/2567 ,  H04L61/2582 ,  H04L69/16 ,  H04L69/167

摘要： IPv6 traffic may be carried through an MPLS IPv4 network without the use of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling. This provides great savings in overhead, signaling, and state information storage and also allows for routing through the MPLS IPv4 network to adjust in response to changes in network state. In one embodiment, an edge node of an MPLS IPv4 network resolves a destination IPv6 network of a received IPv6 packet to an MPLS label switched path. The resolution exploits received inter-domain routing information. This information identifies the IPv4 address of an egress node that is usable as a gateway to the destination network. Within the inter-domain routing information, the IPv4 address may be encoded in IPv6 format.

摘要翻译： IPv6流量可以通过MPLS IPv4网络进行，而不需要使用IPv6 over-IPv4隧道。 这提供了开销，信令和状态信息存储的巨大节省，还允许通过MPLS IPv4网络进行路由以根据网络状态的变化进行调整。 在一个实施例中，MPLS IPv4网络的边缘节点将接收的IPv6分组的目的IPv6网络解析为MPLS标签交换路径。 该解决方案利用收到的域间路由信息。 该信息标识可用作目的地网络的网关的出口节点的IPv4地址。 在域间路由信息中，IPv4地址可以以IPv6格式编码。

公开(公告)号：US07243161B1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-10

申请号：US10013817

申请日：2001-12-07

申请人： Daniel C. Tappan ,  Eric C. Rosen ,  Parag Jain ,  Eric Levy-Abegnoli ,  Luc Revardel ,  Francois Le Faucheur

发明人： Daniel C. Tappan ,  Eric C. Rosen ,  Parag Jain ,  Eric Levy-Abegnoli ,  Luc Revardel ,  Francois Le Faucheur

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L45/50 ,  H04L29/12358 ,  H04L61/251 ,  H04L61/2592 ,  H04L69/18 ,  H04L2212/00

摘要： IPv6 traffic may be carried through an MPLS IPv4 network without the use of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling. An IPv6 packet is sent through the MPLS IPv4 network through a label switched path (LSP). The IPv6 packet is encapsulated with a label stack associated with the LSP. A second level label is used in the label stack (in addition to the label associated with the LSP). This second level label provides important benefits.

摘要翻译： IPv6流量可以通过MPLS IPv4网络进行，而不需要使用IPv6 over-IPv4隧道。 IPv6报文通过MPLS IPv4网络通过标签交换路径（LSP）发送。 IPv6报文封装有与LSP关联的标签栈。 在标签堆栈中使用第二级标签（除了与LSP相关联的标签之外）。 这个第二级标签提供了重要的好处。

公开(公告)号：US07065268B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-20

申请号：US10975279

申请日：2004-10-27

申请人： Danny Prairie ,  Daniel C. Tappan ,  Richard Bradford

发明人： Danny Prairie ,  Daniel C. Tappan ,  Richard Bradford

IPC分类号： G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/42

CPC分类号： H04L43/0811 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/356 ,  G02B6/3564 ,  H04Q2011/0039

摘要： Systems and methods for link discovery and verification technique that minimize the need for line termination resources that generate and interpret packets. Of two nodes verifying a link to one another, only one node need have any line termination capability. The node lacking line termination capability simply loops back packets generated by the other node thus verifying the link. Thus, an optical cross-connect can verify links to a wide variety of node types by employing a single line termination unit capable of terminating any suitable packet type. Alternatively, a router can verify connectivity to an optical cross-connect even when the optical cross-connect lacks any line termination capability at all. This saves greatly on implementation costs for optical networks.

摘要翻译： 用于链接发现和验证技术的系统和方法，其最小化生成和解释分组的线路终端资源的需要。 在验证彼此链接的两个节点中，只有一个节点需要具有任何线路终止能力。 缺少线路终端能力的节点简单地循环由另一个节点生成的分组，从而验证链路。 因此，光交叉连接可以通过采用能够终止任何合适的分组类型的单个线路终端单元来验证到各种节点类型的链路。 或者，即使光交叉连接缺少任何线路终端功能，路由器也可以验证与光交叉连接的连接。 这大大节省了光网络的实施成本。

公开(公告)号：US06473421B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-29

申请号：US09280872

申请日：1999-03-29

申请人： Daniel C. Tappan

发明人： Daniel C. Tappan

IPC分类号： H04L1256

CPC分类号： H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： In a communications-networking autonomous system consisting of an OSPF domain, autonomous-system border routers (I-ASBR and E-ASBR) cause exchange of hierarchical forwarding labels whose hierarchies are based on OSPF areas. A border router transmits into the domain an OSPF LSA Update message containing an AS-External LSA whose External Route Tag field other routers interpret as specifying a label to be used for forwarding. When that LSA is flooded into the OSPF domain, area border routers respond by flooding new LSAs created from the received one by replacing the label contained in the External Route Tag field with labels that specify their forwarding tables' locations containing information for forwarding to the originating autonomous system border router. In so doing, they enable packets destined for an extra-domain location to be forwarded through the autonomous system without requiring non-border routers to allocate labels to the exterior location or to border routers outside their areas. This enables a networking backbone to conserve its label space even though it carries a large variety of external traffic.

摘要翻译： 在由OSPF域组成的通信联网自治系统中，自治系统边界路由器（I-ASBR和E-ASBR）导致层次结构基于OSPF区域的分层转发标签的交换。 边界路由器向域内发送包含AS-External LSA的OSPF LSA Update消息，其外部路由标签字段被其他路由器解释为指定要用于转发的标签。 当该LSA被淹没到OSPF域中时，区域边界路由器通过用指定其转发表的位置的标签替换包含在外部路由标签字段中的标签来淹没从接收到的LSA创建的新的LSA来进行响应，该标签包含用于转发到源的 自治系统边界路由器。 通过这样做，它们使得通过自治系统转发去往外域位置的分组，而不需要非边界路由器将标签分配到外部位置或者将边界路由器外部区域分配。 这使得网络骨干网能够节省其标签空间，即使它具有各种各样的外部流量。