摘要:
An apparatus controls the treatment of water that flows through a cooling system. The electrical conductivity of the water is sensed. A valve control opens a system drain valve when the sensed conductivity is greater than a threshold, and closes the drain valve when the conductivity drops below the threshold by a given amount. The water drained form the system is replenished through an inlet and a mechanism measures the volume of water added to the cooling system. Chemicals to treat the water are fed into the system when specified volumes of water have been added. The sensing of conductivity can be inhibited for a certain period following the application of the chemicals. A possible system malfunction is indicated when the conductivity does not drop below the threshold after the drain valve is open for a given period of time.
摘要:
A multiple processor communications system including a control processor and a scan processor having its own program counter enabling the efficient execution of subroutines. The scan processor directly accesses a compiled user memory which contains its operating program and also directly accesses the image memory which contains the input and output data to perform the computations required by the program. The system includes error codes for distinguishing various error conditions including collision error conditions indicating illegal commands to the scan processor when it is scanning and parity errors in the compiled user memory and in the image memory.
摘要:
A communication network for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) wherein selected memory means of each PLC have at least two ports directly accessible by other PLCs and certain registers of the PLCs are identical to enable efficient, high-speed transfer of blocks of data between the PLCs.
摘要:
A water treatment apparatus has a tank that contains a resin bed through which water flows. The apparatus is controlled by occasionally measuring the conductivity of the resin bed at two spaced apart locations to produce first and second conductivity measurements. The ratio of the two conductivity measurements is calculated periodically. The present ratio value, along with the minimum and maximum ratio values that occurred since a previous regeneration of the resin bed, are used to determine the movement of an exhaustion front through the resin bed. A probability of exhaustion also is determined and when that probability exceeds a given value, regeneration of the resin bed is initiated. The conductivity measurements are used to determine if the resin bed has lost efficiency and in which event a warning signal is sent to the user. During regeneration, the conductivity at one of the locations in the resin bed is monitored to detect whether a regenerant has entered the tank; if not another warning signal is sent to the user.
摘要:
A communication network for programmable logic controllers (PLC) wherein selected memory means of each PLC has at least two ports directly accessible by other PLC and certain registers of the PLC are identical. Each PLC further has an interblock gap timer to signal the PLC when its transmit time slice is to occur. The time slice consists of a block transmit time and an interblock gap time. The total update time has been optimized to engable efficient, high-speed transfer of blocks of data between the PLCs.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for measuring a magnetic field and determining whether an anomaly is present based on the magnetic field measurement and a measured ambient magnetic field. The present invention is also directed to a method and apparatus for measuring the intensity of the magnetic field by implementing operations to essentially eliminate error components that arise due to factors including offsets and gains affecting the intensity signal processing.
摘要:
A volt meter changes the dividing resistance across the terminals of a voltage source between first and second different resistances and measures voltage across the dividing resistor at the different resistances to determine an accurate voltage source magnitude from the measured voltages and the ratio of second to first resistances despite an unknown source resistance.
摘要:
A combination input/output (I/O) module for a microprocessor based device is disclosed. The combination I/O module includes a combination point which is operable as either an input point adapted for coupling to an input device, an output point adapted for coupling to an output device, or both. The combination I/O module provides continuous sensing of the presence or absence of the output device. The combination I/O module includes a triac and provides for continuous sensing of the conductive state of the triac.
摘要:
A line isolation monitor (LIM) indicates the maximum hazard current of an ungrounded polyphase power distribution system. The LIM is microcontroller based and continuously monitors a fault impedance for the distribution system. The fault impedance is determined by the LIM by injecting a continuous sine wave measurement current into a ground terminal to generate a measurement voltage across the fault impedance. Using the measurement voltage and current, the LIM calculates the fault impedance and, using this impedance, calculates the hazard current based on the maximum line to ground voltage of the ungrounded system. The LIM has means for self-calibration and self-testing while on-line and during a power-up sequence to verify that components in the measurement circuitry are within specified tolerances.
摘要:
An apparatus controls treatment of water flowing through a boiler and includes a device that monitors the conductivity of the water. A controller opens a drain valve at periodic intervals, and closes the drain valve when the conductivity drops below a defined threshold. A mechanism measures the volume of water that flows into the boiler and a chemical is added to the water when a specified amount of water has flowed into the boiler. Alternatively the application of the chemical can occur at regular intervals of time. The chemical is applied for a user definable period of time. The application of the chemical is suspended when the cessation of water flow into the boiler is detected.