公开(公告)号：US6127962A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-03

申请号：US97261

申请日：1998-06-15

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson

IPC: H03D7/18 ,  G01S7/40

CPC classification number: H03D7/18

Abstract: There is provided an image rejection mixer for downconversion of an incoming signal to a lower intermediate frequency signal, using the absolute difference of frequencies between the incoming signal and the local oscillator signal. The image rejection mixer is set up to accept and downconvert incoming signals at two discrete frequencies f.sub.h and f.sub.l, where the local oscillator frequency is positioned mid-way between those frequencies f.sub.h and f.sub.l. There are two signal paths in the image rejection mixer, either one or the other of which is chosen by positioning a controllable single pole, double throw switch into one of its two switch positions. The output of the switch is led to a mixing element, from which an intermediate frequency signal is derived. The first of the two signal paths from the input to the image rejection mixer to the mixing element has a bandpass characteristic centered at one or the other of the two input frequencies of interest; the other signal path has a bandstop characteristic centered at the same frequency. By choosing one or the other of the signal paths, an incoming signal at a designated one or the other of the incoming signal frequencies may be downconverted, and the image signal and any noise at that image signal frequency will be rejected.

Abstract translation: 提供了一个镜像抑制混频器，用于使用输入信号和本地振荡器信号之间的绝对差频将输入信号下变频到较低的中频信号。 镜像抑制混频器设置为接收和下变频两个离散频率fh和fl的输入信号，其中本地振荡器频率位于那些频率fh和fl之间的中间。 在镜像抑制混频器中有两个信号路径，其中一个或另一个通过将可控的单极双掷开关定位到其两个开关位置之一来选择。 开关的输出被引导到混频元件，从中得到中频信号。 从输入到图像抑制混频器到混合元件的两个信号路径中的第一个具有以所关注的两个输入频率中的一个或另一个为中心的带通特性; 另一个信号路径具有以相同频率为中心的阻带特性。 通过选择信号路径中的一个或另一个，可以将指定的一个或另一个输入信号频率处的输入信号下变频，并且图像信号和该图像信号频率处的任何噪声将被拒绝。

公开(公告)号：US5600132A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-04

申请号：US325500

申请日：1994-10-19

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson ,  Marcus Beaumont

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson ,  Marcus Beaumont

IPC: G01S7/481 ,  G01S17/50 ,  G01S17/88 ,  H01J5/16

CPC classification number: G01S7/4813 ,  G01S17/50 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G01S7/4818

Abstract: A bi-directional portable laser light detection device for receiving and detecting laser light from one or more of a plurality of sources includes a laser light pipe that comprises a solid body of material that has a high index of refraction and has an input end, an output end, and at least one wall member connecting the input end and the output end. A generally planar laser light admitting zone on the exterior of the solid body at the input end thereof is oriented so as to generally face the expected direction of the path of laser light from a source along a first opposed path so that, in use, the laser light enters the solid body by way of the admitting zone so as to become admitted laser light. A generally planar laser light emitting zone on the exterior of the solid body at the output end thereof is oriented so as to generally face outwardly toward a laser light sensor such that laser light emitted from the laser light emitting zone is received by a laser light sensor. The external periphery of the solid body is shaped and dimensioned so as to transmit and internally reflect the admitted laser light to the laser light emitting zone. The laser light sensor is oriented so as to receive laser light emitted from the laser light emitting zone of the laser light pipe, and also so as to receive laser light along a second opposed path.

Abstract translation: 一种用于从多个源中的一个或多个源接收和检测激光的双向便携式激光检测装置包括：激光管，其包括具有高折射率并具有输入端的材料的固体， 输出端和连接输入端和输出端的至少一个壁构件。 在其输入端处的固体的外部上的大致平面的激光入射区域被定向成大致面对沿着第一相对路径的来自源的激光路径的预期方向，使得在使用中， 激光通过入口区域进入固体，以便成为允许的激光。 在其输出端处的固体的外部上的大致平面的激光发射区被定向成大体朝向激光传感器朝外，使得从激光发射区发射的激光由激光传感器 。 固体的外周形状和尺寸设计成将入射的激光透射并内反射到激光发射区。 激光传感器被定向为接收从激光管的激光发射区发射的激光，并且还沿着第二相对路径接收激光。

公开(公告)号：US07388537B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-17

申请号：US11251558

申请日：2005-10-14

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson ,  Marian Mark Burin ,  Feliks K. Lisowski

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson ,  Marian Mark Burin ,  Feliks K. Lisowski

IPC: G01S7/292

CPC classification number: G01S7/022

Abstract: A radar detector includes features to reduce emissions such as those typically generated by the detector's local oscillator. Two low noise amplifiers (LNA's), operating in X band and a combined K/Ka band, respectively amplify X and K/Ka band signals from separate antennae, and deliver those signals over separate, elongated and narrow signal paths to X and K/Ka mixers, where those signals are mixed with local oscillator (LO) signals to produce IF for detection. The elongated, narrow signal paths from the antennae to the mixers reduce LO emissions, and those emissions are further reduced by incorporating radar absorbers between the circuit board and detector case along the antenna-mixer path, including radar absorptive paint on the circuit board itself along this path, and sealing the case with a conductive sealing gasket.

Abstract translation: 雷达检测器包括减少诸如通常由检测器的本地振荡器产生的发射的特征。 两个运行在X频段的低噪声放大器（LNA）和K / Ka频带组合分别从单独的天线放大X和K / Ka频带信号，并将这些信号通过单独的，细长的和窄的信号路径传递到X和K / Ka混频器，其中这些信号与本地振荡器（LO）信号混合以产生用于检测的IF。 从天线到混合器的细长信号路径减少了LO辐射，并且通过在电路板和检测器壳体之间沿着天线混合器路径并入雷达吸收器，包括电路板本身上的雷达吸收涂料 该路径，并用导电密封垫圈密封外壳。

公开(公告)号：US06693578B1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-17

申请号：US10392002

申请日：2003-03-18

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson

IPC: G01S740

CPC classification number: H03D9/0633 ,  G01S7/022 ,  G01S7/032 ,  G01S7/036 ,  H03J2200/29

Abstract: A method to optimize a mixer (20) includes setting a DC bias current (24) at a predetermined level correlated to an RF frequency or band of interest, and varying the power output (32) of a local oscillator (36) until the DC voltage (66) of the mixer (20) is at a predetermined voltage. The setting for the local oscillator (36) is then stored, such as in volatile RAM (60), for use during normal operation of the receiver (10) to produce IF signals (40) correlated to the RF frequencies or band or interest. The process may be implemented on power-up of the receiver and/or periodically during use thereof in the field to reoptimize the mixer (20), and may be undertaken with different predetermined currents and voltages for different RF frequencies and/or bands.

Abstract translation: 优化混频器（20）的方法包括将DC偏置电流（24）设置在与RF频率或感兴趣频带相关的预定电平，并且改变本地振荡器（36）的功率输出（32），直到DC 混合器（20）的电压（66）处于预定电压。 然后存储本地振荡器（36）的设置，例如在易失性RAM（60）中，以在接收器（10）的正常操作期间使用，以产生与RF频率或频带或兴趣相关的IF信号（40）。 该过程可以在接收机的上电和/或在现场的使用期间周期性地实现以重新优化混频器（20），并且可以针对不同的RF频率和/或频带进行不同的预定电流和电压。

公开(公告)号：US5587916A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-24

申请号：US290122

申请日：1994-08-15

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson ,  Stephen T. Makk

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson ,  Stephen T. Makk

IPC: G01R31/36 ,  G05F1/08

CPC classification number: G01R19/16542

Abstract: A low voltage sensing circuit for a battery powered, micro-processor based circuit is provided. A standard voltage regulator has input voltage from a battery, and output voltage which is fed to a system requiring the same, which includes a micro-processor. A voltage divider is connected through a capacitor to an output port of the micro-processor; and the common point of the voltage divider is connected to the base or emitter of a transistor. Periodically, there is an output pulse from the output port of the micro-processor, which pulse has a predetermined length. During the output pulse from the micro-processor, the transistor may become conductive while the capacitor is recharging. Depending of the configuration, the fact that the transistor is conductive is indicative that the input voltage is either below or above a predetermined value. The width of the pulse that is created across a resistor connected to the collector of the transistor and also to an input port of the micro-processor, is indicative of how much below or above the predetermined value the input voltage from the battery has deviated. The predetermined input voltage is established by setting the values of the resistors in the series connected voltage divider.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于基于电池供电的基于微处理器的电路的低压感测电路。 标准电压调节器具有来自电池的输入电压，以及馈送到需要相同系统的系统的输出电压，其包括微处理器。 分压器通过电容器连接到微处理器的输出端口; 并且分压器的公共点连接到晶体管的基极或发射极。 周期性地，存在来自微处理器的输出端口的输出脉冲，该脉冲具有预定的长度。 在来自微处理器的输出脉冲期间，晶体管可能在电容器充电时变为导通。 根据配置，晶体管导通的事实表明输入电压低于或高于预定值。 在连接到晶体管的集电极和微处理器的输入端口的电阻器上产生的脉冲的宽度表示来自电池的输入电压已经偏离了多少低于或高于预定值。 通过设置串联连接的分压器中的电阻器的值来建立预定的输入电压。

公开(公告)号：US5446923A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-29

申请号：US205169

申请日：1994-03-03

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson ,  Marian M. Burin

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson ,  Marian M. Burin

IPC: G01S7/02 ,  H03B19/00 ,  H03D7/02 ,  H04B1/26 ,  H04B1/28 ,  G01S7/285 ,  G01S7/36

CPC classification number: H03D7/02 ,  H04B1/26 ,  G01S7/022 ,  H03B19/00

Abstract: A mixer is provided having a mixing element, an input signal port for incoming signals at a frequency f.sub.IN, a local oscillator signal port for signals from a local oscillator having a fundamental frequency f.sub.LO, and an output port from which the resultant frequency may be taken. Means are provided to impose a DC component of bias voltage across the mixing element at one of three levels. The mixer is such that it has a pair of conduction threshold voltages which are substantially symmetrical above and below zero volts, beyond which the mixing element will be conductive at least when a signal from the local oscillator is imposed on it. The signal from the local oscillator has substantially sinusoidal voltage waveform, with a peak-to-peak voltage which is greater than the voltage difference between the pair of conduction threshold voltages. When the first zero DC component bias voltage is imposed across the mixer element, the mixing element is conductive in respective symmetrical positive-going and negative-going senses, and the maximized resultant frequency is .vertline.f.sub.IN .+-.2f.sub.LO .vertline.. When the second DC component of bias voltage is imposed across the mixing element, it conducts only once per cycle of local oscillator voltage, so that the maximized resultant frequency is .vertline.f.sub.IN .+-.f.sub.LO .vertline.. When the third DC component of bias voltage is imposed across the mixing element, the value of voltage across the mixing element exceeds the threshold voltage in the same sense as the voltage shift for about 35% to about 55% of the period of the local oscillator voltage cycle making the mixer conductive, but it is also conductive in the opposite sense for at least a portion of the remaining period of the cycle, so that third harmonic mixing occurs, and the maximized resultant frequency is .vertline.f.sub.IN .+-.3f.sub.LO .vertline..

Abstract translation: 提供混频器，其具有混频元件，用于频率fIN的输入信号的输入信号端口，用于来自具有基频fLO的本地振荡器的信号的本地振荡器信号端口以及可以从其获得合成频率的输出端口 。 提供装置以在三个级别中的一个级别上施加跨混合元件的偏置电压的DC分量。 混频器使得它具有一对导通阈值电压，它们在零伏以上和低于零电压基本上是对称的，超过该导通阈值电压至少当来自本地振荡器的信号被施加时，混合元件将导通。 来自本地振荡器的信号具有基本上正弦的电压波形，峰 - 峰电压大于一对导通阈值电压之间的电压差。 当第一零直流分量偏置电压施加在混频器元件上时，混合元件在相应的对称正向和负向感测中是导电的，并且最大化的合成频率为| fIN +/- 2fLO |。 当偏置电压的第二直流分量施加在混频元件上时，它每周期本地振荡器电压仅传导一次，使最大合成频率为| fIN +/- fLO |。 当偏置电压的第三直流分量施加在混频元件上时，混频元件两端的电压值超出与本地振荡器周期约35％至约55％的电压偏移相同的阈值电压 电压周期使得混频器导通，但是对于周期的剩余周期的至少一部分，它也在相反的方向上导通，使得发生三次谐波混合，并且最大化的合成频率为| fIN +/- 3fLO |。

公开(公告)号：US6069580A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-30

申请号：US127965

申请日：1998-08-03

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson

IPC: G01S7/02 ,  G01S7/40 ,  H03D7/16 ,  H03J1/00 ,  H04B1/26 ,  H04B17/00

CPC classification number: G01S7/022 ,  H03D7/161 ,  H03J1/0008 ,  H04B1/26 ,  G01S7/4021

Abstract: The present invention provides a broad band, multi-band radar detector which may be configured so as to have two or three down conversion stages. There are three mixers in the circuit, the second of which has a frequency synthesized local oscillator which is governed by a phase lock loop feedback circuit under the control of a microprocessor, so that the output frequency of the second local oscillator may be varied by an amount equal to .+-.f.sub.adj. The first local oscillator is also under the control of the microprocessor, so that a specific intermediate frequency signal from the first mixer may be derived. By varying the frequency of the second frequency synthesized local oscillator, the tuning range of the radar detector may be increased in each frequency band of interest by an amount equal to .+-.f.sub.adj for all frequency values in each respective frequency band of interest. The radar detector is a self-calibrating detector, so that the output frequency from the first swept local oscillator may be accurately controlled by determining the specific tuning voltage for a specific first local oscillator frequency at which a particular incoming radar signal may be detected. This is accomplished by bypassing the second mixer, and controlling its output frequency so that an harmonic frequency will mix with the first local oscillator frequency to give a calibration response for any predetermined input radar frequency. Accordingly, the problem of drift of the tuning capability of the radar detector may be accurately controlled.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种宽带，多频带雷达检测器，其可以被配置为具有两个或三个下变频级。 电路中有三个混频器，其中第二个具有由微处理器控制的由锁相环反馈电路控制的频率合成本地振荡器，使得第二本机振荡器的输出频率可以由 数量等于+/- fadj。 第一本地振荡器也在微处理器的控制之下，从而可以导出来自第一混频器的特定中频信号。 通过改变第二频率合成本地振荡器的频率，雷达检测器的调谐范围可以在每个感兴趣的频带中的所有频率值的相关频带中增加等于+/- fadj的量。 雷达检测器是自校准检测器，使得可以通过确定特定的第一本地振荡器频率的特定调谐电压来精确地控制来自第一扫频本地振荡器的输出频率，在该特定的第一本地振荡器频率处可以检测特定的输入雷达信号。 这通过绕过第二混频器并且控制其输出频率来实现，使得谐波频率将与第一本地振荡器频率混合以给出任何预定输入雷达频率的校准响应。 因此，可以精确地控制雷达检测器的调谐能力漂移的问题。

公开(公告)号：US4630054A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-16

申请号：US604953

申请日：1984-04-27

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson

IPC: G01S7/02 ,  G01S7/28 ,  G01S13/50 ,  G01S13/93 ,  G01S7/36

CPC classification number: G01S7/022

Abstract: Radar detection and signal processing circuits are provided where, following a front end having an RF and local oscillator mixer to an I.F., which is then further mixed against a signal from a swept frequency oscillator, in the presence of a microwave frequency signal, the output of a band pass filter goes to a detector for frequency modulated intermediate frequency signals, and that detector has at least a first output signal that is fed to two pairs of complementary paired comparators, the outputs of which are set to low and high threshold levels. The first pair of complementary comparators has a low threshold level output which is examined by a microprocessor for the incidence of detected low threshold signal in a number of spaced cells--as determined by a clock which divides the detector output into time cells of the sweep period of the swept oscillator. Signal processing is provided so that the incidence of signals in a pair of spaced cells over a given number of consecutive sweeps causes an alarm. Likewise, a high threshold output is examined so that the incidence of a detected high threshold signal in a pair of spaced cells over a different, lower number of consecutive sweeps, causes an alarm. The sensitivity of the circuit may adjust up or down according to the number of low threshold signals that are detected; or dynamically if too many low threshold signals are detected in a small group of time cells.

Abstract translation: 提供了雷达检测和信号处理电路，其中在具有RF和本地振荡器混频器的前端之后，IF在存在微波频率信号的情况下进一步与来自扫频振荡器的信号混合，输出 带通滤波器到达用于调频中频信号的检测器，并且该检测器具有至少第一输出信号，该第一输出信号被馈送到两对互补配对比较器，其输出被设置为低和高阈值电平。 第一对互补比较器具有低阈值电平输出，其由微处理器检查在多个间隔单元格中检测到的低阈值信号的入射 - 由将检测器输出划分为扫描周期的时间单元的时钟确定 的扫频振荡器。 提供信号处理，使得在给定数量的连续扫描中的一对隔开的单元中的信号的入射引起报警。 类似地，检查高阈值输出，使得在不同的较少数量的连续扫描中的一对隔开的单元中的检测到的高阈值信号的入射引起报警。 电路的灵敏度可以根据检测到的低阈值信号的数量进行上调或下调; 或者如果在一小组时间单元中检测到太多低阈值信号，则动态地进行。

公开(公告)号：US4571593A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-18

申请号：US606895

申请日：1984-05-03

Applicant: Glen D. Martinson

Inventor： Glen D. Martinson

IPC: H01Q1/24 ,  H01Q13/02 ,  H01Q23/00

CPC classification number: H01Q1/247 ,  H01Q13/0275 ,  H01Q23/00 ,  G01S7/022 ,  G01S7/032

Abstract: A horn antenna construction, particularly for use in microwave radar detector circuits, comprises a molded horn element that is open at its bottom side, with a ridge molded into its flared top surface, and being electrically conductive at least at microwave frequencies such as in the X-band and K-band. The open bottom of the horn element mates to a conductive upper surface on a mounting board, and the horn is drawn down onto the mounting board so that its upper surface forms the bottom of the horn. Thus, the ridge is brought into physical and electrical contact with a feed strip formed in a microstrip board on the mounting board, that has a mixing diode or diodes associated therewith. By this construction, there is a positive and dimensionally stable association of the throat of the horn and the ridge to the feed strip and the mixing diode(s), without the necessity of any solder, inserted connectors or mounting pins, or the provision of any tuning posts or screws. Moreover, very efficient energy conversion, and thereby increased sensitivity, is assured because the horn, the feed strip and certain matching and terminating stubs on the microstrip board assure good isolation between the mixing ports and low energy loss at the mixer.

Abstract translation: 特别是用于微波雷达检测器电路的喇叭天线结构包括：模制喇叭元件，其在其底侧是开放的，其脊部模制成其扩口的顶表面，并至少在微波频率下导电，例如在 X波段和K波段。 喇叭元件的开口底部与安装板上的导电上表面配合，喇叭被拉到安装板上，使其上表面形成喇叭的底部。 因此，脊与物理和电接触形成在安装板上的微带板上的馈电带，其具有与其相关联的混合二极管或二极管。 通过这种结构，喇叭和脊的喉部与进料条和混合二极管之间存在正的和尺寸稳定的关联，而不需要任何焊料，插入的连接器或安装销，或提供 任何调音柱或螺丝。 此外，确保非常有效的能量转换，从而提高灵敏度，因为喇叭，馈电条和微带板上的某些匹配和终止短线确保了混合端口之间的良好隔离和在混合器处的低能量损失。