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    Process for producing cellulosic mouldings
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for producing cellulosic mouldings 失效
    生产纤维素模制品的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6106763A

    公开(公告)日：2000-08-22

    申请号：US192772

    申请日：1998-11-16

    申请人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Dariusz Wawro ,  Pawel Starostka ,  Wlodzimierz Mikolajczyk ,  Alojzy Urbanowski

    发明人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Dariusz Wawro ,  Pawel Starostka ,  Wlodzimierz Mikolajczyk ,  Alojzy Urbanowski

    IPC分类号： A22C13/00 ,  C08B1/00 ,  D01F2/02 ,  B29C55/28 ,  D01F2/00

    CPC分类号： C08B1/003 ,  A22C13/0013 ,  D01F2/02

    摘要： Process for producing cellulosic moldings such as fibers, foils, casings and beads from cellulose, wherein (a) the initial cellulose is hydrothermally treated with water in a water/cellulose ratio on a weight basis of at least 1 at a temperature in the range from about 100.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and under a pressure in the range from 0.1 to about 1.5 MPa; (b) the treated cellulose is dissolved in an aqueous solution of alkali hydroxide at a temperature of at least 0.degree. C. to form a homogenous cellulose solution containing from about 5% to about 10% by weight cellulose and at maximum 10% by weight alkali hydroxide, and (c) the alkaline cellulose solution is formed and coagulated by contacting it with an aqueous solution containing 1 to about 30% by weight of an acid. This fully ecological process avoids handling of toxic products or by-products and uses aqueous solvents instead of expensive organic solvents. The cellulose solution is stable for at least 48 hours.

    摘要翻译： 用于从纤维素生产纤维素模制品如纤维，箔，肠衣和珠粒的方法，其中（a）将初始纤维素在水/纤维素比中用水进行水热处理，重量基于至少1，温度范围为 约100至约200℃，压力范围为0.1至约1.5MPa; （b）将经处理的纤维素在至少0℃的温度下溶解在碱金属氢氧化物水溶液中以形成含有约5％至约10％重量的纤维素和最多10％重量的均匀纤维素溶液 碱性氢氧化物，和（c）通过使碱性纤维素溶液与含有1至约30重量％的酸的水溶液接触而形成和凝结。 这种完全生态的过程避免了处理有毒产品或副产物，并使用水性溶剂而不是昂贵的有机溶剂。 纤维素溶液稳定至少48小时。

    Method for modified manufacture of cellulose carbamate
    4.
    发明授权
    Method for modified manufacture of cellulose carbamate 失效
    氨基甲酸纤维素改性制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US5906926A

    公开(公告)日：1999-05-25

    申请号：US969481

    申请日：1997-11-13

    申请人： Gerhard Keunecke ,  Henryk Struszczyk ,  Wlodzimierz Mikolajczyk ,  Pawel Starostka ,  Alojzy Urbanowski

    发明人： Gerhard Keunecke ,  Henryk Struszczyk ,  Wlodzimierz Mikolajczyk ,  Pawel Starostka ,  Alojzy Urbanowski

    IPC分类号： C08B15/06 ,  C12S3/04

    CPC分类号： C08B15/06

    摘要： A method for the manufacture of cellulose carbamate, whereby cellulose pulp is preliminarily activated by alkaline, hydrothermal and/or enzymatic treatment, then the activated cellulose pulp is mixed with aqueous urea solution, the water in the solution replaced with an organic reaction carrier, and thereafter the cellulose is reacted with urea in the liquid phase to yield cellulose carbamate, which is separated from the liquid medium and washed. The method results in uniform substitution and distribution of carbamate groups and in cellulose chain, which leads to good solubility of the cellulose carbamate in aqueous alkali solution as well as excellent spinnability for producing fibers, films, and other products.

    摘要翻译： 一种制造纤维素氨基甲酸酯的方法，其中纤维素纸浆通过碱，水热和/或酶处理预先活化，然后将活化的纤维素纸浆与尿素水溶液混合，溶液中的水被有机反应载体代替， 然后将纤维素与液相中的尿素反应，得到纤维素氨基甲酸酯，其与液体介质分离并洗涤。 该方法导致氨基甲酸酯基团和纤维素链中的均匀取代和分布，这导致纤维素氨基甲酸酯在碱性水溶液中的良好溶解性以及用于生产纤维，膜和其它产品的优异的可纺性。

    Methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan and uses therefor
    5.
    发明授权
    Methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan and uses therefor 失效
    生产改性微晶壳聚糖的方法及用途

    公开(公告)号：US07482019B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-01-27

    申请号：US10501202

    申请日：2003-01-08

    申请人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz ,  Magdelena Kucharska ,  Alojzy Urbanowski ,  Maria Wisniewska-Wrona ,  Ewa Wesolowska ,  Danuta Ciechanska

    发明人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz ,  Magdelena Kucharska ,  Alojzy Urbanowski ,  Maria Wisniewska-Wrona ,  Ewa Wesolowska ,  Danuta Ciechanska

    IPC分类号： A61K9/00 ,  A61K36/06

    CPC分类号： C12P19/26 ,  C08B37/003

    摘要： Disclosed are methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan. Chitosan in aqueous solution is degraded enzymatically, hydrolytically or oxidatively. The chitosan solution is then alkalized with agitation using aqueous hydroxides and/or their salts to attain a pH not lower than 7.0. The precipitated modified microcrystalline chitosan is highly pure and may be concentrated and dried according to known methods. Methods according to the invention also include methods by which an aqueous solution of chitosan is first alkalized using hydroxides and/or their salts to a pH not lower than 7.0. Then the precipitated microcrystalline chitosan is subjected to enzymatic or oxidative degradation to achieve a desired average molecular weight and polydispersity. The product is highly pure and may be concentrated and dried according to known methods.

    摘要翻译： 公开了生产改性微晶壳聚糖的方法。 壳聚糖在水溶液中酶促，水解或氧化降解。 然后使用氢氧化物水溶液和/或其盐进行搅拌使壳聚糖溶液碱化以达到不低于7.0的pH。 沉淀的改性微晶壳聚糖是高纯度的，并且可以根据已知方法进行浓缩和干燥。 根据本发明的方法还包括使用氢氧化物和/或它们的盐将壳聚糖的水溶液首先碱化至pH不低于7.0的方法。 然后将沉淀的微晶壳聚糖进行酶促或氧化降解以获得所需的平均分子量和多分散性。 该产品是高纯度的，并可根据已知方法进行浓缩和干燥。

    Chitosan-calcium complex and methods of producing the complex
    7.
    发明申请
    Chitosan-calcium complex and methods of producing the complex 审中-公开
    壳聚糖 - 钙复合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050053663A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-03-10

    申请号：US10501173

    申请日：2003-01-08

    申请人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz ,  Magdelena Kucharska ,  Alojzy Urbanowski ,  Kinga Brzoza ,  Danuta Ciechanska ,  Maria Wisniewska-Wrona

    发明人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz ,  Magdelena Kucharska ,  Alojzy Urbanowski ,  Kinga Brzoza ,  Danuta Ciechanska ,  Maria Wisniewska-Wrona

    IPC分类号： C08B37/08 ,  C08L5/08 ,  A61K9/14

    CPC分类号： C08B37/003 ,  C08L5/08

    摘要： Chitosan-calcium complexes of calcium (II) ions with a gel of a chitosan salt, containing not less than 0.5 wt % of the polymer with an average molecular weight not less than 10 kD, a polydispersity degree not lower than 2.0 and a deacetylation degree at least 65%. The complex is characterized by pH not higher than 6.9 and a calcium Ca (II) ions content not less than 0.1 wt % on chitosan. Methods to prepare chitosan-calcium complexes use a gel of a chitosan salt, containing not less than 0.5 wt % of the polymer. Calcium salts are introduced in the amount of at least 0.1 wt % Ca (II) on chitosan weight. The mixture is next homogenized and reacted at 10° C. during a time not shorter than 1 minute. Methods of producing a gel of chitosan salts involves subjecting a chitosan with the concentration of at least 0.5 wt % in an aqueous acidic solution to a controlled enzymatic, hydrolytic or oxidative degradation.

    摘要翻译： 钙（II）离子的壳聚糖 - 钙络合物与壳聚糖盐的凝胶组成，含有不少于0.5重量％的平均分子量不小于10kD的聚合物，多分散度不低于2.0，脱乙酰度 至少65％。 该配合物的特征在于pH不高于6.9，Ca（II）离子含量对壳聚糖不低于0.1重量％。 制备壳聚糖 - 钙配合物的方法使用壳聚糖盐的凝胶，其含有不小于聚合物重量的0.5％重量。 钙盐以壳聚糖重量计至少0.1wt％Ca（II）的量引入。 接着将混合物均匀化并在10℃下反应不少于1分钟。 生产壳聚糖盐凝胶的方法包括在酸性水溶液中使浓度至少为0.5重量％的壳聚糖进行受控的酶促，水解或氧化降解。

    Methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan and uses therefor
    8.
    发明申请
    Methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan and uses therefor 失效
    生产改性微晶壳聚糖的方法及用途

    公开(公告)号：US20050019873A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

    申请号：US10501202

    申请日：2003-01-08

    申请人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz ,  Magdelena Kucharska ,  Alojzy Urbanowski ,  Maria Wisniewska-Wrona ,  Ewa Wesolowska ,  Danuta Ciechanska

    发明人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz ,  Magdelena Kucharska ,  Alojzy Urbanowski ,  Maria Wisniewska-Wrona ,  Ewa Wesolowska ,  Danuta Ciechanska

    IPC分类号： C08B37/08 ,  C12P19/26

    CPC分类号： C12P19/26 ,  C08B37/003

    摘要： Disclosed are methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan. Chitosan in aqueous solution is degraded enzymatically, hydrolytically or oxidatively. The chitosan solution is then alkalized with agitation using aqueous hydroxides and/or their salts to attain a pH not lower than 7.0. The precipitated modified microcrystalline chitosan is highly pure and may be concentrated and dried according to known methods. Methods according to the invention also include methods by which an aqueous solution of chitosan is first alkalized using hydroxides and/or their salts to a pH not lower than 7.0. Then the precipitated microcrystalline chitosan is subjected to enzymatic or oxidative degradation to achieve a desired average molecular weight and polydispersity. The product is highly pure and may be concentrated and dried according to known methods.

    摘要翻译： 公开了生产改性微晶壳聚糖的方法。 壳聚糖在水溶液中酶促，水解或氧化降解。 然后使用氢氧化物水溶液和/或其盐进行搅拌使壳聚糖溶液碱化以达到不低于7.0的pH。 沉淀的改性微晶壳聚糖是高纯度的，并且可以根据已知方法进行浓缩和干燥。 根据本发明的方法还包括使用氢氧化物和/或它们的盐将壳聚糖的水溶液首先碱化至pH不低于7.0的方法。 然后将沉淀的微晶壳聚糖进行酶促或氧化降解以获得所需的平均分子量和多分散性。 该产品是高纯度的，并可根据已知方法进行浓缩和干燥。

    Modified viscose fibres and method for their manufacture
    9.
    发明授权
    Modified viscose fibres and method for their manufacture 失效
    改性粘胶纤维及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US5622666A

    公开(公告)日：1997-04-22

    申请号：US411782

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Pertti Nousiainen ,  Olli Kivekas ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz

    发明人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Pertti Nousiainen ,  Olli Kivekas ,  Antoni Niekraszewicz

    IPC分类号： D01F2/08 ,  D01D5/06 ,  D01F2/10

    CPC分类号： D01F1/10 ,  D01F2/08

    摘要： Modified viscose fibres comprise regenerated cellulose and contain in their structure microcrystalline chitosan bound mainly by hydrogen bonds with the regenerated cellulose of viscose fibres. To improve the properties of the fibres the modified fibres contain as a third component a water-soluble and/or alkali-soluble natural polymer or a derivative thereof of polysaccharide origin containing groups bound by hydrogen and/or ionic bonds with the microcrystalline chitosan. Examples of such polymers are alginic acid, sodium and potassium alginate and sodium carboxymethycellulose.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI93 / 00412 Sec。 371日期：1995年6月7日 102（e）日期1995年6月7日PCT提交1993年10月11日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 09192 日期1994年04月28日改性粘胶纤维包含再生纤维素，并在其结构中含有微结构壳聚糖主要通过与粘胶纤维再生纤维素的氢键结合。 为了改善纤维的性质，改性纤维含有作为第三组分的水溶性和/或碱溶性天然聚合物或其衍生物，其含有与微晶壳聚糖氢键和/或离子键结合的基团。 这些聚合物的实例是藻酸，藻酸钠和钾和羧甲基纤维素钠。

    Method for seed encrusting
    10.
    发明授权
    Method for seed encrusting 失效
    种子包皮方法

    公开(公告)号：US5554445A

    公开(公告)日：1996-09-10

    申请号：US374766

    申请日：1995-03-17

    申请人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Olli Kivekas

    发明人： Henryk Struszczyk ,  Olli Kivekas

    IPC分类号： A01N43/16 ,  B05D7/00

    CPC分类号： A01N43/16 ,  Y02P60/218 ,  Y10T428/2991

    摘要： Microcrystalline chitosan is used in seed encrusting in the form of liquid dispersion containing 0.0001-10 wt. % of polymer characterized by average molecular weight not lower than 1000, water retention value ranging from 200 to 5000%, deacetylation degree not lower than 35%, particle size in the range of 0.1-100 .mu.m and energy of hydrogen bonds in a form of film of 10-25 kJ/mol. The liquid dispersion is introduced by spraying or mixing with a content of polymer not lower than 0.01 wt. %, whereafter the excess of solvent is removed and polymer film covering the seed is formed.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI93 / 00308 Sec。 371日期1995年3月17日 102（e）日期1995年3月17日PCT提交1993年7月29日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 03062 日期1994年2月17日微晶壳聚糖用于以0.0001-10wt。 ％的聚合物的特征在于平均分子量不低于1000，保水值为200-5000％，脱乙酰度不低于35％，粒度在0.1-100μm范围内，氢键的能量为 的膜为10-25kJ / mol。 通过喷雾或混合不低于0.01重量％的聚合物的聚合物来引入液体分散体。 ％，然后除去过量的溶剂，并形成覆盖种子的聚合物膜。