摘要:
A solar cell having a layered structure with improved characteristics can be manufactured in plasma assisted CVD at a high rate deposition. In one aspect, separators are arranged between discharge electrodes to control a distribution of the composition of a reaction gas in a reaction chamber, giving a desired composition profile of a layer in the direction of the layer thickness. In another aspect, a grid electrode is inserted between a substrate and one of discharge electrodes only near an entrance portion thereof so that a high power can be applied to discharge electrodes to increase a deposition rate without plasma damage to an interface between a layer to be deposited and an underlying substrate. In a further aspect, an electric-field-adjusting means such as a metal wire is provided with an opening of a mask arranged between a substrate and one of the discharge electrodes for controlling the quality and layer thickness of a layer to be deposited. This electric-field adjusting means makes the electric field distribution uniform in the mask opening, thereby preventing a nonuniformity of the characteristics of a deposited layer.
摘要:
A half cell using a halide salt of N,N'-bis(substituted phenyl)-4,4'-dipyridyl as the cathode depolarizer has higher discharge voltage than those conventional cells using other organic compounds. Moreover, the primary cells or the secondary batteries therefrom have higher energy density and flatter discharge curves and thus they are very useful as compact and light cells or batteries. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl and 4-cyanophenyl are preferable as the substituted phenyl group.
摘要:
When a file having coated thereon an electrically conductive coating which is transparent in a highly oxidized state and non-transparent in a lowly oxidized state or in a reduced state, such as a coating of indium oxide, is heated electrically or by laser beams or oxidized and/or reduced by electrolytic reaction, images consisting of transparent and non-transparent areas are formed on the film through an electrolytic layer on this film. This can be utilized, for example, in a facsimile system.
摘要:
In an electromagnetic flowmeter for obtaining a signal corresponding to flow rate of conductive fluid in a magnetic field, a noise detector detects a noise superimposed on the fluid, and a timing signal generator produces timing of generating an exciting current to produce the magnetic field and timing of sampling electrical potential generated in electrodes in the fluid, based on the noise detected by the noise detector.
摘要:
An insulating strip is disposed between a top or/and bottom electrode layer and a photosensitive semiconductor layer, particularly an amorphous semiconductor layer, so that even if a groove traversing the top electrode layer and/or the semiconductor layer is formed along the insulating strip by laser scribing and damage occurs in respective layers, the damage does not affect the performance of the integrated solar cells. Thus, incorporation of a laser scribing process for dividing a solar cell is made practically possible. Moreover, application of a laser welding process for series-connection of divided parts of a solar cell is made practically possible.
摘要:
When a file having coated thereon an electrically conductive coating which is transparent in a highly oxidized state and non-transparent in a lowly oxidized state or in a reduced state, such as a coating of indium oxide, is heated electrically or by laser beams or oxidized and/or reduced by electrolytic reaction, images consisting of transparent and non-transparent areas are formed on the film. This can be utilized, for example, in a facsimile system.
摘要:
An electromagnetic flowmeter for obtaining a detection signal by sampling voltages generated from electrodes in contact with a conductive fluid flowing in a magnetic field at a predetermined timing includes an external noise detecting section, a pseudo-noise signal generating section, and a timing signal generating section. The external noise detecting section detects external noise, superposed on the fluid, from the electrodes. The pseudo-noise generating section supplies a pseudo-noise signal for a predetermined period of time if the external noise detecting section determines that no external noise signal is detected. The timing signal generating section generates a timing at which an excitation current for generating the magnetic field is generated, and the sampling timing on the basis of the pseudo-noise signal while the pseudo-noise signal is kept supplied, and causes the external noise detecting section to generate the timing at which the excitation current for generating the magnetic field is generated, and the sampling timing while no pseudo-noise signal is supplied.
摘要:
A solar cell module is made lightweight without a substantial loss of the performance of the module by using a transparent hollow multilayer structure in which a plurality of transparent sheets are spaced at a distance by reinforcing members inserted between and connected to the transparent sheets as a window member as well as a supporting member of the module by disposing said transparent hollow multilayer structure on the light receiving side of a solar power generation element.