摘要:
An apparatus for producing carbon-coated nano- or micron-scale particles comprising a container for entraining particles in an aerosol gas, providing an inlet for carbon-containing gas, providing an inlet for plasma gas, a proximate torch for mixing the aerosol gas, the carbon-containing gas, and the plasma gas, bombarding the mixed gases with microwaves, and providing a collection device for gathering the resulting carbon-coated nano- or micron-scale particles. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus for making hollow carbon nano- or micro-scale spheres.
摘要:
Various embodiments provide methods of forming metallic particles or carbon/graphite coated metallic particles with zero-valence from metal precursor compounds by a reductive/expansion synthesis method using nitrogen-hydrogen containing molecules.
摘要:
A method of making carbon-coated nano- or micron-scale particles comprising entraining particles in an aerosol gas, providing a carbon-containing gas, providing a plasma gas, mixing the aerosol gas, the carbon-containing gas, and the plasma gas proximate a torch, bombarding the mixed gases with microwaves, and collecting resulting carbon-coated nano- or micron-scale particles.
摘要:
Various embodiments provide methods of forming zero valent metal particles using an aerosol-reductive/expansion synthesis (A-RES) process. In one embodiment, an aerosol stream including metal precursor compound(s) and chemical agent(s) that produces reducing gases upon thermal decomposition can be introduced into a heated inert atmosphere of a RES reactor to form zero valent metal particles corresponding to metals used for the metal precursor cot pound(s).
摘要:
Graphitic structures have been prepared by exposing templates (metal, metal-coated ceramic, graphite, for example) to a gaseous mixture that includes hydrocarbons and oxygen. When the template is metal, subsequent acid treatment removes the metal to yield monoliths, hollow graphitic structures, and other products. The shapes of the coated and hollow graphitic structures mimic the shapes of the templates.
摘要:
Disclosed is a material having a composite particle. The composite particle includes an outer shell containing an element such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur and an inner core made from a lithium alloying material such as tin, silicon, aluminum and/or germanium. If the outer shell is made from carbon, the outer shell of the composite particle has an average thickness of less than 20 nanometers and the composite particle has an outer mean diameter of less than 100 nanometers. In some instances, the inner core is made from tin, a tin binary alloy, a tin tertiary alloy or a tin quaternary alloy.
摘要:
Disclosed is a material having a composite particle, the composite particle including an outer shell and a core. The core is made from a lithium alloying material and the outer shell has an inner volume that is greater in size than the core of the lithium alloying material. In some instances, the outer mean diameter of the outer shell is less than 500 nanometers and the core occupies between 5 and 99% of the inner volume. In addition, the outer shell can have an average wall thickness of less than 100 nanometers.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the regulation of polynucleotide transcription and/or expression. In particular, this invention relates to polynucleotide regulatory sequences isolated from Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus radiata that are capable of conferring vascular-preferred polynucleotide transcription in plant cells. Constructs and methods for using the inventive regulatory sequences for modifying transcription of endogenous and/or heterologous polynucleotides also are included in the invention.
摘要:
Method for producing metal oxide nanoparticles. The method includes generating an aerosol of solid metallic microparticles, generating plasma with a plasma hot zone at a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize the microparticles into metal vapor, and directing the aerosol into the hot zone of the plasma. The microparticles vaporize in the hot zone into metal vapor. The metal vapor is directed away from the hot zone and into the cooler plasma afterglow where it oxidizes, cools and condenses to form solid metal oxide nanoparticles.
摘要:
A bipolar transistor with vertical geometry comprises a base region (1) provided with a base contact (21), emitter and collector regions (2,3) arranged to extract minority carriers from the base region, and an excluding structure for counteracting entry of minority carriers into the base region via the base contact, wherein the base region has a bandgap of greater than 0.5 eV and a doping level greater than 1017 cm−3. As shown the base includes an excluding heterojunction (4) preventing entry of carriers from the base contact (21), but alternatively the base region could comprise a “high-low” doping homojunction. The construction shows improved resistance to thermal runaway even in multi-finger transistors. It is particularly useful for high power, high frequency transistors, e.g. base on gallium indium arsenide. The collector region preferably has a heterostructure.