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公开(公告)号：US07127179B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-24
申请号：US10013262
申请日：2001-12-10
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/532 , G02B6/266 , G02F1/21 , G02F2203/48 , H04J14/02
摘要： A optical polarization encoding device (16) provides wavelength dependent processing of polychromatic optical signals without prior separation into narrow wavelength bands. Embodiments of the encoding device include a wavelength dependent tunable optical switch (400, 500) and a wavelength tunable optical level controller (600). An encoded signal is processed, (e.g., rerouted or attenuated), as a function of wavelength using polarization dependent devices (18). Desired states of polarization are imparted to optical signals to either direct selected wavelengths to selected output ports (optical switch), or to adjust the level of selected channels or wavelengths (level controller). Desired polarizations are achieved simultaneously at all wavelengths contained within the incoming signal by independently varying the birefringence and/or crystallographic orientation of each variable element within the stack.
摘要翻译： 光偏振编码装置（16）提供多色光信号的波长相关处理，而无需事先分离成窄波段。 编码装置的实施例包括波长依赖的可调谐光开关（400,500）和波长可调光学电平控制器（600）。 使用偏振相关设备（18），编码信号作为波长的函数被处理（例如，重新路由或衰减）。 将期望的极化状态赋予光信号，以将选择的波长指向所选择的输出端口（光开关），或调整所选择的通道或波长（电平控制器）的电平。 通过独立地改变堆叠内的每个可变元件的双折射和/或晶体取向，在输入信号中包含的所有波长下同时实现期望的偏振。
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公开(公告)号：US07085052B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-01
申请号：US10387247
申请日：2003-03-12
CPC分类号： G02F1/0136 , G02B27/286
摘要： A controller, particularly for setting a desired or randomized polarization state of an output light beam derived from an input, has more than the minimum number of controllable optical elements needed to determine the state of the output. The controller applies control input values to obtain a desired output state. The controller also selects among plural alternative sets of control values that could obtain the desired output state, so as to minimize other error conditions. The concurrent error conditions can be associated finite control range limits, for example to keep the input values near a middle of their ranges. Additional error conditions can include minimizing the incremental change in the values from one set to the next. The control is particularly useful to avoid problems associated with using finite range control elements such as liquid crystals for differential retardation or orthogonal light components, when controlling an endless or periodic parameter such as polarization. In the preferred arrangement, six retardation cells are used to control two independent variables determining polarization state.
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公开(公告)号：US06816261B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-09
申请号：US10146228
申请日：2002-05-14
IPC分类号： G01J400
CPC分类号： G01J4/04 , G01J3/447 , G01J4/00 , G01M11/331
摘要： Measurements at multiple distinct polarization measurement states are taken to define the polarization state of an input, for example to calculate a Stokes vector. High accuracy and/or capability of frequent recalibration are needed, due to the sensitivity of measurement to retardation of the input signal. A multiple measurement technique takes a set of spatially and/or temporally distinct intensity measurements through distinct waveplates and polarizers. These can be optimized as to orientation and retardation using initial choices and also using tunable elements, especially controllable birefringence elements. A device matrix defines the response of the device at each of the measurement states. The matrix can be corrected using an iterative technique to revise the device matrix, potentially by automated recalibration. Two input signals (or preferably the same signal before and after a polarization transform) that are known to have a common polarization attribute or other attribute relationship are measured and the common attribute and/or attribute relationship is derived for each and compared. The device matrix is revised, for example by iterative correction or by random search of candidates to improve the accuracy of the device matrix. Optional tunable spectral and temporal discrimination provide additional functions.
摘要翻译： 采用多个不同极化测量状态的测量来定义输入的偏振状态，例如计算斯托克斯矢量。 由于测量对输入信号的延迟的敏感性，需要高精度和/或频繁重新校准的能力。 多重测量技术通过不同的波片和偏振器采取一组空间和/或时间上不同的强度测量。 可以使用初始选择以及使用可调谐元件，特别是可控双折射元件来定向和延迟这些。 器件矩阵定义了器件在每个测量状态下的响应。 可以使用迭代技术校正矩阵，以便通过自动重新校准来修改器件矩阵。 测量已知具有共同极化属性或其他属性关系的两个输入信号（或优选地，在偏振变换之前和之后的相同信号），并且为每个并且进行比较导出公共属性和/或属性关系。 修改设备矩阵，例如通过迭代校正或通过随机搜索候选来改进设备矩阵的准确性。 可选的可调谐光谱和时间辨别提供附加功能。
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公开(公告)号：US06611342B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09952570
申请日：2001-09-14
IPC分类号： G01B902
摘要： An interferometer optical element is provided with a birefringent material in the light path. Specifically, a Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity is operated in a fully reflective mode and is provided with a birefringent material in a cavity between two reflectors. A first mirror, for example of about 90% reflectance and a second mirror, for example of 99% reflectance, define the cavity. The polarization effect is applied exclusively to the resonant wavelength defined by the spacing of the two reflectors. The input beam is fully reflected back in the direction of incidence. However the resonant wavelength component therein is polarized and can be discriminated, e.g., selectively diverted by a polarization beam splitter. A number of application are disclosed, including using a birefringent liquid crystal material and tuning the apparent optical path length by electrically adjusting the birefringence. The device also is cascadable for selectively operating on certain wavelengths and diversely polarizing some wavelengths and not others. In a preferred embodiment, the input beam is applied at 45 degrees to the fast axis of oriented birefringent nematic liquid crystal, which can optionally involve separately altering and recombining diverse polarization components of the input beam.
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公开(公告)号：US5132824A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-21
申请号：US651028
申请日：1991-02-05
IPC分类号： G02F1/139 , G02F1/21 , H04B10/135
CPC分类号： H04B10/25 , G02F1/216 , G02F1/139 , G02F2001/213 , G02F2203/055 , G02F2203/06
摘要： A liquid-crystal phase modulator array, comprising a planar electrode on one glass support and an array of finger electrodes on the other glass support with a nematic liquid filling the gap between the two supports. The alignment layer between the finger electrodes and the liquid crystal is rubbed to have an alignment direction extending along the finger electrodes and prependicular to the gap between them. The alignment layer between the planar electrode and the liquid crystal is rubbed in the anti-parallel direction. Voltages are selectively applied to different ones of the finger electrodes to provide a phase modulator array for light passing through the assembly. The alignment direction of the invention eliminates ragged edges adjacent the edges of the finger electrodes arising from an instability. Thereby, the finger electrodes can be made much narrower, and more pixels can be included in the array. The phase modulator of the invention can be advantageously used in a Fourier optical pulse shaper.
摘要翻译： 一种液晶相位调制器阵列，包括一个玻璃支架上的平面电极和另一个玻璃支架上的指状电极阵列，其中向列液体填充两个支撑件之间的间隙。 手指电极和液晶之间的取向层被摩擦以具有沿指状电极延伸的准直方向并且垂直于它们之间的间隙。 平面电极和液晶之间的取向层在反平行方向上摩擦。 电压被选择性地施加到不同的手指电极，以提供通过组件的光的相位调制器阵列。 本发明的排列方向消除了由不稳定性引起的与手指电极的边缘相邻的不规则边缘。 因此，可以使手指电极变得更窄，并且可以在阵列中包括更多的像素。 本发明的相位调制器可以有利地用于傅立叶光学脉冲整形器。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5207862A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US404888
申请日：1989-09-08
CPC分类号： C30B7/00 , C30B29/58 , C30B33/00 , Y10S117/919
摘要： A technique for the preparation of an oriented thin film polydiacetylene suitable for use in channel waveguides involves depositing an alignment polymer upon a substrate, rubbing the surface thereof to effect orientation, depositing the polydiacetylene thereon and heating to a temperature just below the melting point thereof.
摘要翻译： 适用于通道波导的取向薄膜聚二乙炔的制备技术包括将取向聚合物沉积在基底上，摩擦其表面以实现取向，在其上沉积聚二乙炔并加热至刚好低于其熔点的温度。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5069813A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-03
申请号：US626205
申请日：1990-12-10
申请人： Jayantilal S. Patel
发明人： Jayantilal S. Patel
摘要： In successive zones of a layer of nematic liquid crystal material, the principal axes of at least some of the material in each zone are established orthogonal to the axes of at least some of the material in adjacent zones. By applying a uniform electric field to the zones of the entire layer, an electrically controlled polarization-independent Fresnel lens is achieved.
摘要翻译： 在向列液晶材料层的连续区域中，每个区域中的至少一些材料的主轴线与相邻区域中的至少一些材料的轴线垂直。 通过对整个层的区域施加均匀的电场，实现了电控偏振独立的菲涅尔透镜。
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公开(公告)号：US5040876A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-20
申请号：US490155
申请日：1990-03-07
申请人： Jayantilal S. Patel , Sin-Doo Lee
发明人： Jayantilal S. Patel , Sin-Doo Lee
IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 , G02F1/139
CPC分类号： G02F1/1337 , G02F1/1393
摘要： Liquid crystal devices whose light transmission properties are respectively responsive to the polarity of an applied voltage enable the realization of high-speed modulators useful for communication and display purposes. Such a polar effect is achieved by establishing asymmetrical interfacial interactions between the surfaces of a liquid crystal layer and alignment layers disposed in respective contact with the surfaces. Asymmetry is introduced in the form of either different anchoring strengths or different tilt angles for liquid crystal molecules at the two surfaces. In either case, both quiescently and in response to an electric field applied perpendicular to the surfaces of the liquid crystal layer, the contour of the longitudinal axes of the molecules is thereby established to have different curvatures, each less than about 45 degrees, at the two surfaces.
摘要翻译： 其透光性能分别响应于所施加电压的极性的液晶装置能够实现用于通信和显示目的的高速调制器。 通过在液晶层的表面和与表面分别接触的配向层之间建立不对称界面相互作用来实现这种极性效应。 对于两个表面的液晶分子，以不同的锚固强度或不同倾斜角的形式引入不对称性。 在任一种情况下，静态地并且响应于垂直于液晶层的表面施加的电场，因此分子的纵轴的轮廓被建立为具有不同的曲率，每个小于约45度，在 两个表面。
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公开(公告)号：US4867539A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-19
申请号：US277457
申请日：1988-11-23
IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 , G02F1/137 , G02F1/141
CPC分类号： G02F1/141 , C09K19/0225 , C09K19/2021 , C09K2019/2035
摘要： Excellent ordering in ferroelectric liquid crystal devices is obtained by utilizing a material having a smectic C phase and no higher temperature orthogonal smetic phases. Ordering is accomplished by the combination of (1) contacting the liquid crystal material in the smectic C phase with an ordering substance and (2) subjecting the liquid crystal material to a slowly varying electric field.
摘要翻译： 通过利用具有近晶相C并且没有更高温度的正交Sm相的材料，可获得铁电液晶器件的优异排序。 通过（1）将层状C相中的液晶材料与有序物质接触并（2）使液晶材料经受缓慢变化的电场的组合来实现排序。
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公开(公告)号：US4664480A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-12
申请号：US727573
申请日：1985-04-26
申请人： John M. Geary , Jayantilal S. Patel
发明人： John M. Geary , Jayantilal S. Patel
IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 , G02F1/141 , G02F1/133
CPC分类号： G02F1/141 , G02F1/133711
摘要： In a liquid crystal device one interior surface of the cell is coated with a polymer (e.g., a crystalline polymer such as PET) which, when rubbed, produces alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the opposite interior surface is coated with a material (e.g., an amorphous polymer, such as PMMA) which, even if rubbed, does not produce such alignment. Also described is a combination of an aligning polymer and a non-aligning, non-polymer (e.g., a silane surfactant or bare ITO). This technique is particularly useful in producing alignment of relatively thick, ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal cells.
摘要翻译： 在液晶装置中，电池的一个内表面涂覆有聚合物（例如，诸如PET的结晶聚合物），当被摩擦时，其产生液晶分子的对准，并且相对的内表面涂覆有材料（ 例如无定形聚合物，例如PMMA），其即使被摩擦也不产生这种对准。 还描述了取向聚合物和非对准非聚合物（例如，硅烷表面活性剂或裸ITO）的组合。 该技术在相对厚的铁电近晶液晶单元的对准中特别有用。
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