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公开(公告)号：US06816261B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-09
申请号：US10146228
申请日：2002-05-14
IPC分类号： G01J400
CPC分类号： G01J4/04 , G01J3/447 , G01J4/00 , G01M11/331
摘要： Measurements at multiple distinct polarization measurement states are taken to define the polarization state of an input, for example to calculate a Stokes vector. High accuracy and/or capability of frequent recalibration are needed, due to the sensitivity of measurement to retardation of the input signal. A multiple measurement technique takes a set of spatially and/or temporally distinct intensity measurements through distinct waveplates and polarizers. These can be optimized as to orientation and retardation using initial choices and also using tunable elements, especially controllable birefringence elements. A device matrix defines the response of the device at each of the measurement states. The matrix can be corrected using an iterative technique to revise the device matrix, potentially by automated recalibration. Two input signals (or preferably the same signal before and after a polarization transform) that are known to have a common polarization attribute or other attribute relationship are measured and the common attribute and/or attribute relationship is derived for each and compared. The device matrix is revised, for example by iterative correction or by random search of candidates to improve the accuracy of the device matrix. Optional tunable spectral and temporal discrimination provide additional functions.
摘要翻译： 采用多个不同极化测量状态的测量来定义输入的偏振状态，例如计算斯托克斯矢量。 由于测量对输入信号的延迟的敏感性，需要高精度和/或频繁重新校准的能力。 多重测量技术通过不同的波片和偏振器采取一组空间和/或时间上不同的强度测量。 可以使用初始选择以及使用可调谐元件，特别是可控双折射元件来定向和延迟这些。 器件矩阵定义了器件在每个测量状态下的响应。 可以使用迭代技术校正矩阵，以便通过自动重新校准来修改器件矩阵。 测量已知具有共同极化属性或其他属性关系的两个输入信号（或优选地，在偏振变换之前和之后的相同信号），并且为每个并且进行比较导出公共属性和/或属性关系。 修改设备矩阵，例如通过迭代校正或通过随机搜索候选来改进设备矩阵的准确性。 可选的可调谐光谱和时间辨别提供附加功能。
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公开(公告)号：US07127179B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-24
申请号：US10013262
申请日：2001-12-10
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/532 , G02B6/266 , G02F1/21 , G02F2203/48 , H04J14/02
摘要： A optical polarization encoding device (16) provides wavelength dependent processing of polychromatic optical signals without prior separation into narrow wavelength bands. Embodiments of the encoding device include a wavelength dependent tunable optical switch (400, 500) and a wavelength tunable optical level controller (600). An encoded signal is processed, (e.g., rerouted or attenuated), as a function of wavelength using polarization dependent devices (18). Desired states of polarization are imparted to optical signals to either direct selected wavelengths to selected output ports (optical switch), or to adjust the level of selected channels or wavelengths (level controller). Desired polarizations are achieved simultaneously at all wavelengths contained within the incoming signal by independently varying the birefringence and/or crystallographic orientation of each variable element within the stack.
摘要翻译： 光偏振编码装置（16）提供多色光信号的波长相关处理，而无需事先分离成窄波段。 编码装置的实施例包括波长依赖的可调谐光开关（400,500）和波长可调光学电平控制器（600）。 使用偏振相关设备（18），编码信号作为波长的函数被处理（例如，重新路由或衰减）。 将期望的极化状态赋予光信号，以将选择的波长指向所选择的输出端口（光开关），或调整所选择的通道或波长（电平控制器）的电平。 通过独立地改变堆叠内的每个可变元件的双折射和/或晶体取向，在输入信号中包含的所有波长下同时实现期望的偏振。
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公开(公告)号：US07085052B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-01
申请号：US10387247
申请日：2003-03-12
CPC分类号： G02F1/0136 , G02B27/286
摘要： A controller, particularly for setting a desired or randomized polarization state of an output light beam derived from an input, has more than the minimum number of controllable optical elements needed to determine the state of the output. The controller applies control input values to obtain a desired output state. The controller also selects among plural alternative sets of control values that could obtain the desired output state, so as to minimize other error conditions. The concurrent error conditions can be associated finite control range limits, for example to keep the input values near a middle of their ranges. Additional error conditions can include minimizing the incremental change in the values from one set to the next. The control is particularly useful to avoid problems associated with using finite range control elements such as liquid crystals for differential retardation or orthogonal light components, when controlling an endless or periodic parameter such as polarization. In the preferred arrangement, six retardation cells are used to control two independent variables determining polarization state.
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公开(公告)号：US06611342B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09952570
申请日：2001-09-14
IPC分类号： G01B902
摘要： An interferometer optical element is provided with a birefringent material in the light path. Specifically, a Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity is operated in a fully reflective mode and is provided with a birefringent material in a cavity between two reflectors. A first mirror, for example of about 90% reflectance and a second mirror, for example of 99% reflectance, define the cavity. The polarization effect is applied exclusively to the resonant wavelength defined by the spacing of the two reflectors. The input beam is fully reflected back in the direction of incidence. However the resonant wavelength component therein is polarized and can be discriminated, e.g., selectively diverted by a polarization beam splitter. A number of application are disclosed, including using a birefringent liquid crystal material and tuning the apparent optical path length by electrically adjusting the birefringence. The device also is cascadable for selectively operating on certain wavelengths and diversely polarizing some wavelengths and not others. In a preferred embodiment, the input beam is applied at 45 degrees to the fast axis of oriented birefringent nematic liquid crystal, which can optionally involve separately altering and recombining diverse polarization components of the input beam.
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5.发明申请DETECTION AND LOCATION OF BOUNDARY INTRUSION, USING COMPOSITE VARIABLES DERIVED FROM PHASE MEASUREMENTS 失效使用从相位测量得到的复合变量的边界入侵检测和位置公开(公告)号：US20100014095A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-21
申请号：US12438877
申请日：2007-08-29
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G08B13/186
摘要： A disturbance, such as vibration from human activity, is located along a fiberoptic waveguide configuration (301-304) with two interferometers (801, 802) of the same or different types, such as Mach-Zehnder, Sagnac, and Michelson interferometers. Carrier signals from a source (101) are split at the interferometer inputs (201, 202) and re-combined at the outputs (701, 702) after propagating through the detection zone (401), where phase variations are induced by the disturbance (501). Phase responsive receivers (901, 902) detect phase relationships (1001, 1002) between the carrier signals over time. A processor (1101) combines the phase relationships into composite signals according to equations that differ for different interferometer configurations, with a time lag between or a ratio of the composite signals representing the location of the disturbance. The detected and composite values are unbounded, permitting phase displacement to exceed the carrier period and allowing disturbances of variable magnitudes to be located.
摘要翻译： 沿着具有相同或不同类型的两个干涉仪（801,802）的光纤波导配置（301-304）位于诸如Mach-Zehnder，Sagnac和Michelson干涉仪之间的干扰，例如来自人类活动的振动。 来自源（101）的载波信号在干涉仪输入（201,202）处被分离，并且在传播通过检测区（401）之后在输出（701,702）处重新组合，其中相位变化由干扰引起 501）。 相位响应接收器（901,902）检测载波信号随时间的相位关系（1001,1002）。 处理器（1101）根据对不同干涉仪配置不同的方程将相位关系组合成复合信号，其中表示干扰位置的复合信号之间的时间间隔或比率。 检测和复合值是无限制的，允许相位位移超过载波周期，并允许定位可变幅度的干扰。
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公开(公告)号：US07154668B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-26
申请号：US10199180
申请日：2002-07-19
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/532
摘要： The attenuation profile of an optical system, which defines the power variation as a function of wavelength is adjusted to alter the slope of its contour. The device is useful in a wavelength division modulation system to flatten the profile of an amplifier or the like that has a non uniform power variation with wavelength. The invention adjusts the slope by first providing an input light signal that has a known polarization state, e.g., processing the input into a known phase and amplitude relation between orthogonal components, such as plane polarized at a given alignment. The signal is then passed through a series of waveplates. The waveplates have different phase retardation and orientation resulting in wavelength dependent polarization change. According to an inventive aspect, by tuning the phase retardation of multiple tunable waveplates the desired wavelength dependent polarization changes over a useful wavelength range can be produced. At the downstream end of the signal path, a polarization discriminating element such as a polarizer or beam splitter, passes or blocks light energy as a function of polarization, thus converting the variation of polarization state into a variation of amplitude.
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公开(公告)号：US06606181B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-12
申请号：US09994419
申请日：2001-11-27
IPC分类号： G02F101
CPC分类号： G02F1/21 , G02B6/266 , G02F2203/48
摘要： A controllable phase plate has numerous domains that are randomized as to the orientation of their birefringence and can be used in a power limiting control to produces an electrically controllable diffraction pattern having a portion, especially the zero mode axial spot of the pattern, that is directed onto an output aperture such as a pinhole or an optical fiber end. Controlling the phase plate produces an interference peak or null (or an intermediate level) of light, coupled into the output aperture. The phase plate preferably comprises a liquid crystal with controllable birefringence. The domains have paired orthogonal orientations, which is a condition that is met in randomized domains. The paired orthogonal orientations make the device polarization insensitive. In a controllable attenuating device, collimating lenses are placed before and after the phase plate along a beam path to focus a clear interference pattern on a screen containing the output aperture. Several variations are disclosed including an electrically controllable phase plate arrangement using liquid crystal controllably birefringent material prepared in a polarization insensitive manner in zones, or preferably by providing random director orientation in a plane.
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8.发明授权Detection and location of boundary intrusion, using composite variables derived from phase measurements 失效边界入侵的检测和定位，使用从相位测量得出的复合变量公开(公告)号：US08395782B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-12
申请号：US12438877
申请日：2007-08-29
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G08B13/186
摘要： A disturbance, such as vibration from human activity, is located along a fiberoptic waveguide configuration (301-304) with two interferometers (801, 802) of the same or different types, such as Mach-Zehnder, Sagnac, and Michelson interferometers. Carrier signals from a source (101) are split at the interferometer inputs (201, 202) and re-combined at the outputs (701, 702) after propagating through the detection zone (401), where phase variations are induced by the disturbance (501). Phase responsive receivers (901, 902) detect phase relationships (1001, 1002) between the carrier signals over time. A processor (1101) combines the phase relationships into composite signals according to equations that differ for different interferometer configurations, with a time lag between or a ratio of the composite signals representing the location of the disturbance. The detected and composite values are unbounded, permitting phase displacement to exceed the carrier period and allowing disturbances of variable magnitudes to be located.
摘要翻译： 沿着具有相同或不同类型的两个干涉仪（801,802）的光纤波导配置（301-304）位于诸如Mach-Zehnder，Sagnac和Michelson干涉仪之间的干扰，例如来自人类活动的振动。 来自源（101）的载波信号在干涉仪输入（201,202）处被分离，并且在传播通过检测区（401）之后在输出（701,702）处重新组合，其中相位变化由干扰引起 501）。 相位响应接收器（901,902）检测载波信号随时间的相位关系（1001,1002）。 处理器（1101）根据对不同干涉仪配置不同的方程将相位关系组合成复合信号，其中表示干扰位置的复合信号之间的时间间隔或比率。 检测和复合值是无限制的，允许相位位移超过载波周期，并允许定位可变幅度的干扰。
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公开(公告)号：US07725026B2
公开(公告)日：2010-05-25
申请号：US11570481
申请日：2005-04-01
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： A61K9/0014 , A61K8/25 , A61K8/26 , A61K8/27 , A61K8/368 , A61K8/922 , A61K8/97 , A61K36/185 , A61K36/54 , A61K36/63 , A61K36/736 , A61K36/82 , A61K36/886 , A61K36/889 , A61K36/899 , A61K2800/31 , A61K2800/522 , A61Q19/00 , A61Q19/001 , A61K2300/00
摘要： The location of a physical disturbance along an optical waveguide is determined by measuring different propagation times for the resulting phase variation to propagate to phase responsive receivers at ends of bidirectional signal paths. Each receiver can have a coupler that functions as a beam combiner and as a beam splitter inserting the opposite signal. On each receiving end, the coupler provides one or more detectors with signals from which phase related independent variable values are taken, processed and mapped to phase angles. Relative phase angle versus time is derived for each opposite signal pair and correlated at a time difference, i.e., a difference in propagation time from which the location of the disturbance is resolved. Polarization sensitive and polarization insensitive examples are discussed with various optical fiber arrangements.
摘要翻译： 沿着光波导的物理扰动的位置通过测量所得到的相位变化的不同传播时间来确定，以在双向信号路径的端部传播到相位响应接收机。 每个接收机可以具有用作波束组合器的耦合器和用于插入相反信号的分束器。 在每个接收端，耦合器向一个或多个检测器提供信号，从相位相关的独立变量值被采取，处理并映射到相位角。 对于每个相对的信号对导出相对相位角对时间，并且在时间差处相关，即，扰乱位置从该差异被解析的传播时间差。 与各种光纤布置讨论偏振敏感和极化不敏感的示例。
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10.发明授权Distributed fiber sensor with interference detection and polarization state management 有权分布式光纤传感器，具有干扰检测和极化状态管理公开(公告)号：US07142736B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-28
申请号：US10919547
申请日：2004-08-16
IPC分类号： G02B6/00
CPC分类号： G08B13/124 , G01L1/242 , G01M11/39 , G08B13/186
摘要： Polarization effects are managed to provide differential timing information for localizing disturbances affecting two or more counter-propagating light signals on one or more optical waveguides passing through a detection zone. Activity can be localized to a point for a security perimeter. Events causing optical disturbance can be mapped to points along a straight line, a perimeter or arbitrary pattern or an array. Events cause local changes in optical properties in the optical waveguide, in particular an optical fiber. Short term local changes are distinguishable from phase changes of light travel in the waveguide by managing the polarization state of input and output beams.
摘要翻译： 管理极化效应以提供差分定时信息，用于定位影响通过检测区域的一个或多个光波导上的两个或多个反向传播光信号的干扰。 活动可以本地化到安全边界的一个点。 导致光学干扰的事件可以映射到沿直线，周边或任意图案或阵列的点。 事件导致光波导中光学特性的局部变化，特别是光纤。 通过管理输入和输出光束的偏振状态，短波局部变化与波导中的光行进的相位变化是不同的。
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