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公开(公告)号：US07145322B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-05
申请号：US10962682
申请日：2004-10-12
CPC分类号： G01R15/183 , G01R1/18 , G01R15/205
摘要： A sensor apparatus for a power bus including a current and a temperature includes a housing and one or more sensors. Each of the sensors is adapted to sense one of the current or the temperature of the power bus. A radio transceiver circuit is adapted to transmit a first wireless signal and to receive a second wireless signal. A processor is adapted to input the sensed current and the sensed temperature from the sensors and to output corresponding signals to the radio transceiver circuit in order to transmit the first wireless signal. A power supply is adapted to employ voltage produced by magnetically coupling the power bus to one or more coils, in order to power the sensors, the radio transceiver circuit and the processor from flux arising from current flowing in the power bus.
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公开(公告)号：US06901432B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-31
申请号：US09994901
申请日：2001-11-27
IPC分类号： H04L12/40 , H04L12/403 , H04L12/46 , H04L29/06 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L12/4625 , H04L12/403 , H04L29/06 , H04L69/08 , H04L2012/40228 , H04L2012/4026
摘要： A translator apparatus includes a first transceiver for a Modbus RTU network having a register map of values, and a second transceiver for an INCOM network of INCOM devices having a plurality of different maps of objects and INCOM commands. A processor includes first and second interfaces to the respective first and second transceivers, and a communication routine adapted to: receive a request based upon the register map through the first transceiver related to the INCOM device objects which are responsive to different INCOM commands, send an INCOM command related to one or more of the INCOM device objects through the second transceiver, receive a response based upon the command through the second transceiver related to the INCOM device objects, and send a response based upon the register map through the first transceiver related to the INCOM device objects.
摘要翻译： 翻译装置包括具有值的寄存器映射的用于Modbus RTU网络的第一收发器，以及具有多个对象和INCOM命令的不同映射的INCOM设备的INCOM网络的第二收发器。 处理器包括到相应的第一和第二收发器的第一和第二接口，以及通信程序，其适于：通过与INCOM设备对象相关的第一收发机，基于与寄存器映射相关的响应于不同INCOM命令的请求，发送 与通过第二收发器的一个或多个INCOM设备对象相关的INCOM命令通过与INCOM设备对象相关的第二收发器接收基于该命令的响应，并且通过与第一收发器相关的第一收发器发送基于寄存器映射的响应 INCOM设备对象。
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公开(公告)号：US06707652B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-16
申请号：US10192580
申请日：2002-07-10
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
IPC分类号： H02H908
CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 , H02H5/044
摘要： An electrical switching device, such as a receptacle, includes a line circuit having a first temperature, a neutral circuit having a second temperature, and a load terminal. Separable contacts are adapted to electrically connect the line circuit and the load terminal. An operating mechanism opens the separable contacts in response to a trip signal. A first diode temperature sensor outputs a first signal representative of the first temperature of the line circuit. A second diode temperature sensor outputs a second signal representative of the second temperature of the neutral circuit. A difference circuit determines a difference between the first and second signals. A trip circuit provides the trip signal as a function of the difference.
摘要翻译： 诸如插座的电气开关装置包括具有第一温度的线路电路，具有第二温度的中性线路和负载端子。 可分离的触点适于电连接线路电路和负载端子。 操作机构响应于跳闸信号而打开可分离触点。 第一二极管温度传感器输出表示线路电路的第一温度的第一信号。 第二二极管温度传感器输出表示中性线路的第二温度的第二信号。 差分电路确定第一和第二信号之间的差异。 跳闸电路作为差值的函数提供跳闸信号。
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4.发明授权Low cost apparatus for detecting arcing faults and circuit breaker incorporating same 失效用于检测电弧故障的低成本设备和结合其的断路器
公开(公告)号：US5963405A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US887005
申请日：1997-07-02
CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 , H02H1/043 , H02H3/33
摘要： A low cost analog arcing detector and a circuit breaker incorporating such a detector provide a variable response time to arcing faults based upon the amplitude of the arcing current. A filter generates pulses having an amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the step increase in current generated by the striking of the arc. The pulses are rectified and the amount by which the single polarity pulses exceed a threshold value, selected to eliminate nuisance trips on current step increases characteristic of some common loads, is integrated by a capacitor connected to a resistor which continually adjusts the capacitor voltage in a sense opposite to that of the pulses. The capacitor and resistor are selected to generate a trip signal as a function of the accumulated, time attenuated magnitude of the step increases in current associated with each striking of the arc current. Preferably, the pulses are squared before the reference current is subtracted to provide faster response for large amplitude arc currents, while avoiding false trips caused by known loads. Preferably, the arcing detector is used with a ground current detector which provides further protection by tripping on ground currents flowing through carbon tracks deposited by arcing currents below the threshold of the arcing fault detector.
摘要翻译： 低成本的模拟电弧检测器和结合这种检测器的断路器基于电弧电流的幅度提供对电弧故障的可变响应时间。 滤波器产生具有与通过触发电弧产生的电流的阶梯增加幅度成比例的幅度的脉冲。 脉冲被整流，并且单极性脉冲超过阈值的量被选择以消除电流阶跃上的麻烦跳闸增加一些常见负载的特性，通过连接到电阻器的电容器来集成，电阻器连续地调节电容器电压 感觉与脉冲相反。 选择电容器和电阻器来产生跳闸信号，作为与每次触发电弧电流相关联的电流的步长增加的累积时间衰减幅度的函数。 优选地，在减去参考电流之前对脉冲进行平方，以便对大幅度电弧电流提供更快的响应，同时避免由已知负载引起的错误跳闸。 优选地，电弧检测器与接地电流检测器一起使用，该接地电流检测器通过跳过在流过电弧电流故障检测器的阈值的电弧电流沉积的碳轨迹的接地电流来提供进一步的保护。
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公开(公告)号：US5627716A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-06
申请号：US610679
申请日：1996-03-05
摘要： A microprocessor based overcurrent trip unit includes an analog circuit for monitoring phase currents in the electrical interrupting device. The analog circuit is adapted to interface with the microprocessor over a range of selectable setpoints for instantaneous tripping and at the same time accurately monitor the phase currents even during a condition when the current sensing transformers are saturated. The overcurrent trip unit also allows the function of the long time delay characteristics of protection curve to be varied in order to provide better coordination with the characteristics of other overcurrent tripping devices in an electrical distribution system, such as a current limiting fuse, thereby enhancing the overall reliability of the system. For example, the function may be varied to provide either a fixed or FLAT, It, I.sup.2 t and I.sup.4 t functions. The overcurrent tripping device also allows for relatively wide adjustment ranges for the long time delay and short time delay protection portions of an overcurrent protection curve. In order to prevent any overlapping of the protection ranges, the long time delay portion is prevented from tripping the interrupting device prior to the short time delay portion.
摘要翻译： 基于微处理器的过电流跳闸单元包括用于监视电中断装置中的相电流的模拟电路。 模拟电路适用于在一定范围的可选设定点上与微处理器进行接口，用于瞬时跳闸，并且即使在电流感测变压器饱和的情况下，也可精确监控相电流。 过电流跳闸单元还允许改变保护曲线的长时间延迟特性的功能，以便与诸如限流熔断器之类的配电系统中的其它过电流跳闸装置的特性提供更好的协调，从而增强 系统的整体可靠性。 例如，该功能可以改变以提供固定或FLAT，It，I2t和I4t功能。 过电流跳闸装置还允许过电流保护曲线的长时间延迟和短时延保护部分的相对宽的调节范围。 为了防止保护范围的任何重叠，防止长时间延迟部分在短时间延迟部分之前跳闸中断装置。
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6.发明授权Electrical switching apparatus with digital trip unit and automatic frequency selection 失效具有数字跳闸单元和自动频率选择的电气开关设备
公开(公告)号：US5428495A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US954915
申请日：1992-09-30
IPC分类号： H01H71/36 , G01R19/165 , H01H71/74 , H01H73/00 , H01H83/02 , H02H1/00 , H02H3/00 , H02H3/093 , H02H3/26 , H01H47/20
CPC分类号： G01R19/16528 , H02H3/006 , H01H71/7409 , H02H1/0007 , H02H3/093 , Y10T307/852
摘要： A microprocessor based switch such as a circuit breaker generates digital rms representations of analog load currents from n samples of the analog currents per cycle synchronized to the line frequency, where n is an odd integer equal to a selected highest order harmonic to be detected plus 2. A routine determines whether the power system is 50 or 60 Hz, and automatically sets the sampling interval to provide exactly n samples per cycle for the connected source. Terminals for rapidly resetting an analog memory for calibration and field testing of a long delay trip are hidden behind a removable rating plug.
摘要翻译： 基于微处理器的开关（例如断路器）产生模拟负载电流的数字有效值表示，该模拟负载电流来自与线路频率同步的每个周期的模拟电流的n个采样，其中n是等于要检测的所选最高次谐波加上2 例程确定电力系统是50或60Hz，并自动设置采样间隔，为连接的源提供每个周期的正好n个采样。 用于快速复位模拟存储器的端子用于长时间延迟跳闸的校准和现场测试隐藏在可拆卸额定插头后面。
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公开(公告)号：US5418677A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-23
申请号：US183642
申请日：1994-01-19
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
摘要： An electrical overcurrent circuit provides both digital based modeling and analog based modeling of the temperature of an electrical conductor to simulate the conductor temperature during all expected operating conditions including a condition when electrical power is unavailable to the electrical overcurrent circuitry. When electrical power is available to the circuitry, the conductor temperature is calculated from the sensed load currents to form the digital based model. During such a condition, the analog based model is forced to track the digital based model. Once the temperature of the electrical conductor exceeds its maximum safe operating temperature, the electrical overcurrent circuitry initiates a trip of the circuit breaker. Since the overcurrent circuitry is powered either by the sensed load currents or derived from the circuit breaker output, the circuit breaker trip will result in a loss of electrical power to the electrical overcurrent circuitry. This causes the digital based model to be reset to a cold conductor temperature value. However, the analog based model continues to operate to simulate the conductor temperature during this condition. When electrical power is restored to the circuit, for example, when the circuit breaker is closed, the digital model is initialized with the value from the analog model.
摘要翻译： 电过流电路提供基于数字的建模和基于模拟的电导体温度建模，以在所有预期操作条件期间模拟导体温度，包括电力过电流电路不可用的情况。 当电路可用于电路时，根据感测的负载电流计算导体温度，以形成基于数字的模型。 在这种情况下，基于模拟的模型被迫跟踪基于数字的模型。 一旦电导体的温度超过其最大安全工作温度，电气过电流电路会启动断路器跳闸。 由于过电流电路由感测到的负载电流或从断路器输出导出，所以断路器跳闸将导致电过电流电路的电力损失。 这将使基于数字的模型重置为冷导体温度值。 然而，在这种情况下，基于模拟的模型继续运行以模拟导体温度。 当电路恢复到电路时，例如，当断路器闭合时，数字模型用模拟模型的值初始化。
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公开(公告)号：US5270898A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-14
申请号：US636634
申请日：1990-12-28
摘要： A hybrid monolithic IC that is standardized for controlling various types of electrical equipment, such as circuit breakers, motor controllers and the like. The IC is a hybrid monolithic IC, fabricated in CMOS technology, The shortcomings of utilizing CMOS technology for linear or analog circuitry is overcome by the implementation of the IC to provide a monolithic IC that is relatively less expensive than using multiple ICs or a single IC fabricated from biCMOS technology.
摘要翻译： 用于控制诸如断路器，电动机控制器等的各种类型的电气设备的标准化的混合单片IC。 IC是以CMOS技术制造的混合单片IC。通过实施IC来克服利用CMOS技术用于线性或模拟电路的缺点，以提供与使用多个IC或单个IC相比较便宜的单片IC 由biCMOS技术制造。
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9.发明授权Electromagnetic contactor with lightweight wide range current transducer with sintered powdered metal core 失效具有轻质宽范围电流传感器的电磁接触器，具有烧结粉末金属芯
公开(公告)号：US4980794A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-25
申请号：US341272
申请日：1989-04-20
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
IPC分类号： G01R15/18 , H01F3/14 , H01F27/255 , H01F29/10
CPC分类号： H01F29/10 , G01R15/183 , H01F27/255 , H01F3/14
摘要： A motor controller or contactor is disclosed which utilizes a non-saturating current transformer for sensing the amount of current flowing in the electrical conductor connected to the contactor. The current sensor is made of homogeneous sintered powdered metal having evenly distributed microscopic air gaps therein which increase the reluctance of the magnetic circuit but resist the influence of stray magnetic flux. This increased reluctance prevents magnetic saturation over a wide range of input current and allows the secondary of the transducer to produce a voltage which is proportional to the derivative of the primary current, that is the current being sensed by the transducer. The aforementioned voltage is linearly proportional to the derivative of the current over a wide range of primary current values. This voltage is integrated to produce an output signal which is directly proportional to the aforementioned primary current over the wide range of current values. By measuring only the derivative of the primary current, the current transducer can be significantly smaller than an equivalent current transformer. The homogenous magnetic core of powdered metal and interposed air gaps has a Rayleigh Constant .lambda. of such value .lambda.H is significantly less than the initial permeability less than the initial permeability .mu.o of the core, thus allowing the transformer to sense current over a wide range.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电动机控制器或接触器，其使用非饱和电流互感器来感测在连接到接触器的电导体中流动的电流量。 电流传感器由均匀的烧结粉末金属制成，其中具有均匀分布的微小气隙，增加磁路的磁阻，但抵抗杂散磁通的影响。 这种增加的磁阻防止了在宽范围的输入电流下的磁饱和，并且允许传感器的次级产生与初级电流的导数成比例的电压，即由换能器感测的电流。 上述电压与宽电流值范围内的电流导数成线性比例。 该电压被积分以产生在宽电流值范围内与上述初级电流成正比的输出信号。 通过仅测量初级电流的导数，电流传感器可以显着小于等效电流互感器。 粉末金属和插入气隙的均匀磁芯具有这样的值λH的瑞利常数λ，明显小于初始磁导率小于芯的初始磁导率μo，从而允许变压器在宽范围内感测电流 。
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公开(公告)号：US4894796A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-16
申请号：US840241
申请日：1986-03-17
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , James L. Lagree
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , James L. Lagree
IPC分类号： G09G3/04
CPC分类号： G09G3/04
摘要： An automatic transfer switch with microprocessor and a display which includes clusters or combinations of display cells. There may, for example, be sixteen display cells for a 16-word display. The display cells are driven by two serially connected shift registers, the input of the first of which is interconnected with the microprocessor. Sixteen digital words are supplied in sequence to the shift registers. One portion of the digital word is then provided in parallel to each of the display cells simultaneously but another portion of the word is supplied to an encoding device which tells which of the sixteen display cells will display that word. One 16 word message requires sixteen reiterations performed at high speed so that it appears that all sixteen display devices are actuated simultaneously to display one multi-word message.
摘要翻译： 具有微处理器和显示器的自动转换开关，其包括显示单元的簇或组合。 例如，可以有十六个用于16字显示的显示单元。 显示单元由两个串联的移位寄存器驱动，第一个移位寄存器的输入与微处理器互连。 十六个数字字依次提供给移位寄存器。 数字字的一部分然后同时提供给每个显示单元并行提供，而另一部分字被提供给一个编码装置，该编码装置告诉十六个显示单元中的哪一个将显示该字。 一个16字的消息需要高速执行16次重复，因此看起来所有16个显示设备被同时启动以显示一个多字消息。
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