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公开(公告)号：US5627716A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-06
申请号：US610679
申请日：1996-03-05
摘要： A microprocessor based overcurrent trip unit includes an analog circuit for monitoring phase currents in the electrical interrupting device. The analog circuit is adapted to interface with the microprocessor over a range of selectable setpoints for instantaneous tripping and at the same time accurately monitor the phase currents even during a condition when the current sensing transformers are saturated. The overcurrent trip unit also allows the function of the long time delay characteristics of protection curve to be varied in order to provide better coordination with the characteristics of other overcurrent tripping devices in an electrical distribution system, such as a current limiting fuse, thereby enhancing the overall reliability of the system. For example, the function may be varied to provide either a fixed or FLAT, It, I.sup.2 t and I.sup.4 t functions. The overcurrent tripping device also allows for relatively wide adjustment ranges for the long time delay and short time delay protection portions of an overcurrent protection curve. In order to prevent any overlapping of the protection ranges, the long time delay portion is prevented from tripping the interrupting device prior to the short time delay portion.
摘要翻译： 基于微处理器的过电流跳闸单元包括用于监视电中断装置中的相电流的模拟电路。 模拟电路适用于在一定范围的可选设定点上与微处理器进行接口，用于瞬时跳闸，并且即使在电流感测变压器饱和的情况下，也可精确监控相电流。 过电流跳闸单元还允许改变保护曲线的长时间延迟特性的功能，以便与诸如限流熔断器之类的配电系统中的其它过电流跳闸装置的特性提供更好的协调，从而增强 系统的整体可靠性。 例如，该功能可以改变以提供固定或FLAT，It，I2t和I4t功能。 过电流跳闸装置还允许过电流保护曲线的长时间延迟和短时延保护部分的相对宽的调节范围。 为了防止保护范围的任何重叠，防止长时间延迟部分在短时间延迟部分之前跳闸中断装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4894796A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-16
申请号：US840241
申请日：1986-03-17
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , James L. Lagree
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , James L. Lagree
IPC分类号： G09G3/04
CPC分类号： G09G3/04
摘要： An automatic transfer switch with microprocessor and a display which includes clusters or combinations of display cells. There may, for example, be sixteen display cells for a 16-word display. The display cells are driven by two serially connected shift registers, the input of the first of which is interconnected with the microprocessor. Sixteen digital words are supplied in sequence to the shift registers. One portion of the digital word is then provided in parallel to each of the display cells simultaneously but another portion of the word is supplied to an encoding device which tells which of the sixteen display cells will display that word. One 16 word message requires sixteen reiterations performed at high speed so that it appears that all sixteen display devices are actuated simultaneously to display one multi-word message.
摘要翻译： 具有微处理器和显示器的自动转换开关，其包括显示单元的簇或组合。 例如，可以有十六个用于16字显示的显示单元。 显示单元由两个串联的移位寄存器驱动，第一个移位寄存器的输入与微处理器互连。 十六个数字字依次提供给移位寄存器。 数字字的一部分然后同时提供给每个显示单元并行提供，而另一部分字被提供给一个编码装置，该编码装置告诉十六个显示单元中的哪一个将显示该字。 一个16字的消息需要高速执行16次重复，因此看起来所有16个显示设备被同时启动以显示一个多字消息。
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公开(公告)号：US4672227A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-09
申请号：US840257
申请日：1986-03-17
申请人： James L. Lagree , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： James L. Lagree , Joseph C. Engel
CPC分类号： H02J9/061 , Y10T307/615 , Y10T307/625 , Y10T307/735
摘要： An automatic transfer switch with time delayed emergency generator system is taught. The microprocessor is interconnected with a programming device and with a shift register whereby a countdown time is programmed into the shift register by way of the microprocessor. Furthermore, an oscillator is provided which in turn provides a continuous supply of one second countdown pulses which are normally prevented from reaching the input countdown terminal of the shift register by a disable gate which is controlled by an output signal from the microprocessor. When the microprocessor loses power which is indicative of the power from the main source disappearing, as is the situation where an emergency generator would be desired, the disable device is immediately turned off allowing the countdown pulses to reach the shift register, thus starting the one second by one second countdown operation. Unless the power returns again to cause the microprocessor to be re-energized a countdown pulse will eventually emanate from the output of the shift register as determined by the countdown time programmed thereinto previously. At this point in time, the emergency generator will be started.
摘要翻译： 教授了具有时间延迟应急发电机系统的自动转换开关。 微处理器与编程设备和移位寄存器互连，借此通过微处理器将倒数时间编程到移位寄存器中。 此外，提供振荡器，其进而提供连续的一秒钟倒计时脉冲，这些脉冲通常被防止通过由微处理器的输出信号控制的禁止门到达移位寄存器的输入倒计数端。 当微处理器断开指示来自主源的功率消耗的功率时，如需要应急发生器的情况那样，禁用装置立即关闭，允许倒计时脉冲到达移位寄存器，从而启动一个 秒秒倒计时操作。 除非功率再次返回以使微处理器重新通电，否则倒数脉冲最终将从由先前编程的倒计时时间确定的移位寄存器的输出发出。 在这个时候，应急发电机将启动。
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公开(公告)号：US07417554B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-26
申请号：US11338349
申请日：2006-01-24
IPC分类号： G08B21/00
CPC分类号： H01H1/0015 , G01D21/00 , G01K13/00 , G01K2215/00 , H01H2071/006 , H01H2300/03 , H02H1/0061 , H02H1/063 , H02H5/04 , H02H7/22 , Y02B70/3241 , Y02B90/224 , Y04S20/14 , Y04S20/227
摘要： A system displays information from and controls electrical switching apparatus, such as circuit breakers. The system includes a plurality of circuit breakers having separable contacts and a plurality of conditions, such as bus temperature and contact wear. A plurality of sensors are structured to sense the conditions of the circuit breakers and to communicate the sensed conditions over corresponding wireless signals. A display and control unit is operatively associated with the circuit breakers and is structured to receive the corresponding wireless signals and display information corresponding to the sensed conditions or to control the circuit breakers based upon one or more of the sensed conditions.
摘要翻译： 系统显示来自电控开关装置的信息，例如断路器。 该系统包括具有可分离触点和多个条件的多个断路器，例如总线温度和接触磨损。 多个传感器被构造为感测断路器的状况并且将感测到的条件传送到相应的无线信号上。 显示和控制单元与断路器可操作地相关联，并且被构造为接收相应的无线信号并显示与所感测到的条件相对应的信息，或者基于感测到的一个或多个条件来控制断路器。
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公开(公告)号：US4747061A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-24
申请号：US840270
申请日：1986-03-17
申请人： James L. Lagree , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： James L. Lagree , Joseph C. Engel
CPC分类号： G01R19/25 , G01R15/09 , H02J9/06 , H02J9/08 , Y10T307/313 , Y10T307/735
摘要： An automatic transfer switch is taught which includes as part thereof a voltage sensing device which is interconnected with one of the lines to be monitored and controlled by the automatic transfer switch and neutral. This voltage may vary over a wide range and it is desired to provide a universal transfer switch control for operation over the wide range. The output analog voltage is provided to an analog-to-digital converter which has a maximum number of output bits. In order to keep the resolution of the output digital signal from the analog converter as high as possible, it is necessary to range the input voltage according to a menu of potential ranging values which are stored in the memory of a microprocessor. A programming device is utilized to input the line voltage and the microprocessor determines the maximum value for the ranging constant as a function thereof. The output analog voltage is reduced by this factor then provided to the analog-to-digital converter. The greater the reduction, the lower the sensitivity. However, the microprocessor chooses only that amount of discrete reduction necessary to prevent the expected input line voltage from exceeding the maximum digital output capacity of the A-to-D converter. The output of the A-to-D converter is then supplied to the microprocessor for processing and the amount of reduction is compensated for by multiplying the output signal by the increase of the conversion factor.
摘要翻译： 教导了一种自动转换开关，其包括作为其一部分的电压感测装置，该电压感测装置与由自动转换开关和中性线监视和控制的一条线互连。 该电压可以在宽范围内变化，并且期望提供用于在宽范围内操作的通用转换开关控制。 输出模拟电压被提供给具有最大数目的输出位的模数转换器。 为了使来自模拟转换器的输出数字信号的分辨率尽可能高，需要根据存储在微处理器的存储器中的潜在测距值的菜单对输入电压进行范围调整。 使用编程装置来输入线路电压，并且微处理器作为其功能确定测距常数的最大值。 输出模拟电压通过该因子减小，然后提供给模数转换器。 减少越大，灵敏度越低。 然而，微处理器仅选择必要的量的这种量来防止预期输入线电压超过A转D转换器的最大数字输出容量。 然后将A-D转换器的输出提供给微处理器进行处理，并且通过将输出信号乘以转换因子的增加来补偿减少量。
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6.发明授权Arc fault circuit interrupter and method of parallel and series arc fault detection 有权电弧故障电路断路器及并联和串联故障检测方法公开(公告)号：US07558033B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-07
申请号：US11679281
申请日：2007-02-27
申请人： Xin Zhou , John J. Shea , Joseph C. Engel , Kevin L. Parker , Theodore J. Miller
发明人： Xin Zhou , John J. Shea , Joseph C. Engel , Kevin L. Parker , Theodore J. Miller
CPC分类号： H02H1/0015
摘要： An arc fault circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a neutral conductor, an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts, at least one current sensor structured to sense current flowing through the separable contacts and output a sensed current value; and a processor. The processor includes a first routine structured to provide parallel arc fault detection, a second routine structured to provide series arc fault detection, and a third routine structured to enable the first routine and disable the second routine for a predetermined time when the sensed current value is greater than a predetermined value and to enable the second routine and disable the first routine for the predetermined time when the sensed current value is less than the predetermined value.
摘要翻译： 电弧故障电路断路器包括可分离触点，中性导体，构造成打开和闭合可分离触点的操作机构，至少一个电流传感器，其构造成感测流过可分离触点的电流并输出感测的电流值; 和处理器。 该处理器包括构造成提供并联电弧故障检测的第一例程，构造成提供串联电弧故障检测的第二例程，以及第三例程，其构造成使得第一程序能够在预定时间内启用第二例程，当检测到的电流值为 大于预定值，并且当感测到的当前值小于预定值时，启用第二程序并禁用第一例程达预定时间。
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公开(公告)号：US07253640B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-07
申请号：US10341483
申请日：2003-01-13
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , Engelbert Hetzmannseder , Kevin L. Parker , Peter J. Theisen , Joseph C. Zuercher
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , Engelbert Hetzmannseder , Kevin L. Parker , Peter J. Theisen , Joseph C. Zuercher
CPC分类号： H02H3/042 , H02H1/0015
摘要： A circuit breaker for locating an arc fault for a protected circuit includes separable contacts interrupting the protected circuit and an arc fault detector determining an arc fault in the protected circuit. An analog to digital converter circuit measures a value of peak arc current at the arc fault detector. Another analog to digital converter circuit provides a peak line-to-neutral voltage. A memory provides an arc voltage operatively associated with the value of peak current. A microprocessor determines a distance from the arc fault detector to the arc fault from the value of peak arc current, a wire resistance per unit length or a wire conductance per unit length, the peak line-to-neutral voltage and the arc voltage.
摘要翻译： 用于定位受保护电路的电弧故障的断路器包括中断受保护电路的可分离触点和确定受保护电路中的电弧故障的电弧故障检测器。 模数转换器电路测量电弧故障检测器的峰值电弧电流值。 另一个模/数转换器电路提供峰值线对中性电压。 存储器提供与峰值电流的值可操作地相关联的电弧电压。 微处理器根据峰值电弧电流的值，每单位长度的导线电阻或每单位长度的导线电导率，峰值线对中性电压和电弧电压来确定从电弧故障检测器到电弧故障的距离。
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8.发明授权Apparatus for detecting and responding to series arcs in AC electrical systems 失效用于检测和响应交流电气系统中的串联电弧的装置
公开(公告)号：US5726577A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US633603
申请日：1996-04-17
CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 , H02H3/44
摘要： Series arcs in an ac circuit are discriminated from other phenomenon by analyzing the timing between pulses in a second derivative of the current signal. A first timer starts timing upon detection of a first pulse in the second derivative of current signal. Time out of the first timer starts a second timer which times a second interval or window during which a series arcing fault will generate a second pulse of opposite polarity to the first pulse. Detection of the first pulse followed by a second pulse of opposite polarity during the window sets a flip-flop to record the event. When a predetermined number of events are counted by a counter within a given time-period set by a third timer, an output signal indicating an arcing fault is generated. If the second pulse is generated before the window opens, or a third pulse occurs during the window, the flip-flop cannot be set so that other events such as the switching of a dimmer do not generate a false output signal.
摘要翻译： 通过分析当前信号的二次导数中的脉冲之间的定时来鉴别交流电路中的串联电弧与其他现象。 当检测到电流信号的二次导数中的第一脉冲时，第一定时器开始定时。 超出第一定时器的时间开始第二定时器，其次数为第二间隔或窗口，其中串联电弧故障将产生与第一脉冲相反极性的第二脉冲。 在窗口期间检测第一脉冲后面是具有相反极性的第二脉冲，设置触发器来记录事件。 当在由第三定时器设置的给定时间段内由计数器对预定数量的事件进行计数时，产生指示电弧故障的输出信号。 如果在窗口打开之前产生第二个脉冲，或者在窗口期间产生第三个脉冲，则不能设置触发器，使得其他诸如调光器的切换的事件不产生错误的输出信号。
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9.发明授权Electrical switches with current protection interfaced with a remote station and a portable local unit 失效具有电流保护的电气开关与远程站和便携式本地单元接口
公开(公告)号：US5596473A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-21
申请号：US384728
申请日：1995-02-06
申请人： Richard A. Johnson , Joseph C. Engel , Michael F. Boccabella , David M. Oravetz , James I. Wise
发明人： Richard A. Johnson , Joseph C. Engel , Michael F. Boccabella , David M. Oravetz , James I. Wise
CPC分类号： H02H3/044 , H02H3/006 , H02H3/0935
摘要： An electrical switch with overcurrent protection communicates as a slave with a remote master station by sending return messages to the remote master station only in response to messages addressed to it. A portable unit plugs into the electrical switch and disables communications between the electrical switch and the remote master station. The portable unit then establishes communications with the electrical switch by sending a global message to the electrical switch requesting the unique address at successive baud rates until a return message containing the electrical switches' address is received. A communications module in the electrical switch transfers to a master mode in response to the global message in order to send the return message containing its unique address. It then reverts to the slave mode for response to subsequent messages from the portable unit containing the unique address. Either the remote master station or the portable unit can test the circuit breaker by sending a message containing a digital test current to the circuit breaker.
摘要翻译： 具有过电流保护功能的电气开关只能通过向远程主站发送返回消息，作为远程主站的从站，仅响应于寻址到远程主站的消息。 便携式设备插入电气开关并禁用电气开关和远程主站之间的通信。 然后，便携式单元通过向电气开关发送全局消息来建立与电气开关的通信，以电连接波特率请求唯一地址，直到接收到包含电开关地址的返回消息。 电气开关中的通信模块响应于全局消息传送到主模式，以便发送包含其唯一地址的返回消息。 然后，它恢复到从模式，以响应来自包含唯一地址的便携式单元的后续消息。 远程主站或便携式单元都可以通过向断路器发送包含数字测试电流的消息来测试断路器。
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公开(公告)号：US4956741A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US375301
申请日：1989-07-03
申请人： William J. Murphy , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： William J. Murphy , Joseph C. Engel
CPC分类号： H02H1/0069 , H02H1/06 , H02H3/087
摘要： A contactor includes two DC sensors within the housing which are isolated from the tripping unit, from the power supply and from each other by the combination of a transformer and photoelectric coupling, the sensed signals being pulse width modulated and demodulated on the respective sides of the photoelectric coupling barrier.
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