摘要:
A polyamide having an equilibrium water absorption of not more than 10% is used as a main material. As a polyamide having an equilibrium water absorption of not.more than 10%, for example, a polyamide comprising a dicarboxylic acid component comprising 60-100 mol % of terephthalic acid and a diamine component comprising 60-100 mol % of 1,9-nonanediamine and/or 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine is used. As a result, a porous membrane showing extremely small dimensional change even after a hot water treatment, and particularly useful as a medical separation membrane permitting an AC sterilization treatment and the like is obtained.
摘要:
A polyamide having an equilibrium water absorption of not more than 10% is used as a main material. As a polyamide having an equilibrium water absorption of not.more than 10%, for example, a polyamide comprising a dicarboxylic acid component comprising 60-100 mol % of terephthalic acid and a diamine component comprising 60-100 mol % of 1,9-nonanediamine and/or 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine is used. As a result, a porous membrane showing extremely small dimensional change even after a hot water treatment, and particularly useful as a medical separation membrane permitting an AC sterilization treatment and the like is obtained.
摘要:
An IC card has additional connection terminals adjacent to existing conventional connection terminals. Corresponding additional terminals are arranged in a terminal unit. When the additional terminals of both the IC card and terminal unit are not used, the additional terminals are put under an input mode or a floating mode. Only when the additional terminals are used, they are switched to an input/output mode, under which data are communicated between the IC card and the terminal unit through the additional terminals.
摘要:
A microcontroller has three types of memory; a ROM in which is recorded a program, a programmable first non-volatile memory, and a second non-volatile memory having programmable address data and instruction data zones. When the result of a detection performed by a comparator shows that address data sent over an address bus matches address data sent from the address data zone, an instruction data selection section selects and outputs instruction data stored in the instruction data zone corresponding to the address data in the address data zone, instead of outputting instruction data from the ordinary ROM.
摘要:
A non-volatile memory device includes a memory cell array composed of transistor memory cells, a monitor cell array composed of two transistor monitor cells, a first circuit for writing "0" and then "1" in the first monitor cell and a data "1" and then "0" in the second monitor cell, whenever a data is written in one of the memory cells. A second circuit is for applying to the first monitor cell a voltage, V.sub.th1, which is higher than V.sub.th3 applied to the memory cells, and for applying a voltage, V.sub.th2, which is lower than V.sub.th3, to the second monitor cell, in response to a test mode signal, whenever a data is read from the memory cells. A third circuit is for discriminating a margin in the number of data writable operations of the memory cell by detecting monitor cell deterioration. This is accomplished on the basis of the on-off status of the two monitor cells when the second circuit applies V.sub.th1 and V.sub.th2 to the two monitor cells. Therefore, a margin of the memory cells can automatically be indirectly checked by checking a margin of the monitor cells activated under more strict conditions (e.g. the number of operations, threshold voltage, supply voltage, etc.), as compared with the memory cells.