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    Homogenous compositions of fluoropolymers and crystalline solids or cross-linking agents and methods of making the same
    1.
    发明授权
    Homogenous compositions of fluoropolymers and crystalline solids or cross-linking agents and methods of making the same 失效
    含氟聚合物和结晶固体或交联剂的均匀组合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US07169857B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-01-30

    申请号：US10677746

    申请日：2003-10-03

    申请人： Mark A. McHugh ,  Dan Li ,  Michael Oka

    发明人： Mark A. McHugh ,  Dan Li ,  Michael Oka

    IPC分类号： C08C19/18

    CPC分类号： C08J9/122 ,  C08F14/18 ,  C08J2201/032 ,  C08J2203/08 ,  C08J2327/12 ,  Y02P20/544

    摘要： Fluoroelastomers are combined with chemical agents in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide by swelling the fluoroelastomer with the carbon dioxide, and impregnating the swollen fluorelastomer with the chemical agent. The process can be conducted at relatively low temperatures and pressures such that degradation of the fluoroelastomer or the chemical agent is avoided. The chemical agent is preferably a curing agent which includes functional groups that interact with functional groups on the fluoroelastomer to create an association therebetween. The process is enhanced by pre-dissolving the chemical agent in a solvent which does not solubilize the fluoroelastomer to a great extent, but which is itself soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide. In addition, during combining, mechanical mastication is performed to create a free flowing powder.

    摘要翻译： 在超临界二氧化碳的存在下，通过用二氧化碳溶胀含氟弹性体，并用化学试剂浸渍溶胀的荧光体，氟化弹性体与化学试剂结合。 该方法可以在相对较低的温度和压力下进行，从而避免含氟弹性体或化学试剂的降解。 化学剂优选是固化剂，其包括与氟弹性体上的官能团相互作用以在它们之间形成缔合的官能团。 通过将化学试剂预溶解在很大程度上不溶解含氟弹性体但是本身可溶于超临界二氧化碳的溶剂中来增强该方法。 此外，在组合期间，进行机械咀嚼以产生自由流动的粉末。

    Cigarette filters
    2.
    发明授权
    Cigarette filters 有权
    香烟过滤器

    公开(公告)号：US08201564B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-06-19

    申请号：US11607949

    申请日：2006-12-04

    申请人： Mark A. McHugh ,  Georgios Karles ,  Diane Gee ,  Joseph L. Banyasz ,  Zhihao Shen ,  Munmaya K. Mishra

    发明人： Mark A. McHugh ,  Georgios Karles ,  Diane Gee ,  Joseph L. Banyasz ,  Zhihao Shen ,  Munmaya K. Mishra

    IPC分类号： A24D3/06

    CPC分类号： A24D3/0212 ,  D06M13/00 ,  D06M23/105 ,  D06M2101/08

    摘要： Fibrous material suitable for incorporation into filter elements of smoking articles such as cigarettes are impregnated with additives and agents such as flavorants, flavorant-enhancers and/or free radical scavengers. The fibrous material is contacted with the additive dispersed in a high pressure gas or supercritical fluid (SCF) held at elevated pressures. The high pressure gas or SCF swells the fibrous matrix and enables the additive to be incorporated within the matrix. When pressure is reduced, the gas or SCF vaporizes and leaves the additive embedded in the fiber interstices. As a result, the additive is slowly released over a finite period of time. When incorporated into a cigarette filter, the additive is released at a desired rate from the interior of the fibrous filter into the cigarette smoke.

    摘要翻译： 适于掺入烟草制品如香烟的过滤元件的纤维材料用添加剂和试剂（例如调味剂，调味剂增强剂和/或自由基清除剂）浸渍。 纤维材料与分散在保持在高压下的高压气体或超临界流体（SCF）中的添加剂接触。 高压气体或SCF使纤维基体膨胀，并使添加剂能够并入基体内。 当压力降低时，气体或SCF蒸发并留下嵌入在纤维间隙中的添加剂。 结果，添加剂在有限的时间内缓慢释放。 当并入香烟过滤嘴中时，添加剂以纤维过滤器内部以香烟烟雾的期望速率释放。

    Phase separation processes
    3.
    发明授权
    Phase separation processes 失效
    相分离过程

    公开(公告)号：US4946940A

    公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

    申请号：US232713

    申请日：1988-08-16

    申请人： Terry L. Guckes ,  Mark A. McHugh ,  Charles Cozewith ,  Ronald L. Hazelton

    发明人： Terry L. Guckes ,  Mark A. McHugh ,  Charles Cozewith ,  Ronald L. Hazelton

    IPC分类号： C08F6/12

    CPC分类号： C08F6/12 ,  Y02P20/544

    摘要： A separation process has been found in which a polymer-solvent solution separates into phases of highly different composition which are in equilibrium over a broad temperature range. Upon addition of the phase separating agent, which is near or above its supercritical conditions, rapid disengagement into two phases occurs. The relative volume of solvent rich phase is substantially larger than the polymer rich phase. The process can be practiced at relatively low temperatures such as those employed in polymerization or post-polymerization processes. The separation is accomplished by adding or elevating the concentration of a phase separation agent to or above a minimum effective concentration, which causes the UCST and LCST lines to merge. Suitable phase separating agents are organic and inorganic compounds that are gases at 1 atm pressure and 25.degree. C. Due to the gaseous nature of the phase separating agent, it is easily removed from the solvent phase for reuse in the process.

    摘要翻译： 已经发现一种分离方法，其中聚合物 - 溶剂溶液分离成在宽温度范围内处于平衡的高度不同组成的相。 当加入接近或超过其超临界条件的相分离剂时，发生快速分离成两相。 富溶相的相对体积基本上大于富聚合相。 该方法可以在相对较低的温度下进行，例如在聚合或后聚合过程中使用的那些。 通过将相分离剂的浓度添加或提高至或高于最小有效浓度来实现分离，这导致UCST和LCST系合并。 合适的相分离剂是在1atm压力和25℃下的气体的有机和无机化合物。由于相分离剂的气体性质，其易于从溶剂相中除去以便在该过程中重新使用。

    Homogenous compositions of polymers and crystalline solids or cross-linking agents and methods of making the same
    4.
    发明授权
    Homogenous compositions of polymers and crystalline solids or cross-linking agents and methods of making the same 失效
    聚合物和结晶固体或交联剂的均匀组合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US07192995B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-03-20

    申请号：US10677735

    申请日：2003-10-03

    申请人： Mark A. McHugh ,  Dan Li

    发明人： Mark A. McHugh ,  Dan Li

    IPC分类号： C08F6/10

    CPC分类号： C08J3/205 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/18 ,  C08F8/30 ,  C08F2800/20 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  C08F14/18 ,  C08F214/262 ,  C08F210/02

    摘要： Elastomeric polymers are combined with chemical agents in the presence of supercritical fluids such as supercritical carbon dioxide by swelling the polymer with the supercritical fluid, and impregnating the swollen polymer with the chemical agent. The process can be conducted at relatively low temperatures and pressures such that degradation of the polymer or the chemical agent is avoided. The chemical agent is preferably a curing agent which includes functional groups that interact with functional groups on the polymer to create an association therebetween. The process is enhanced by pre-dissolving the chemical agent in a solvent which does not solubilize the polymer to a great extent, but which is itself soluble in the supercritical fluid. In addition, during combining, mechanical mastication is performed to create a free flowing powder.

    摘要翻译： 在超临界流体如超临界二氧化碳的存在下，通过用超临界流体溶胀聚合物，并用化学试剂浸渍溶胀的聚合物，将弹性体聚合物与化学试剂结合。 该方法可以在相对低的温度和压力下进行，从而避免聚合物或化学试剂的降解。 化学剂优选是固化剂，其包括与聚合物上的官能团相互作用以在它们之间形成缔合的官能团。 通过将化学试剂预溶解在很大程度上不溶解聚合物但本身可溶于超临界流体的溶剂中来增强该方法。 此外，在组合期间，进行机械咀嚼以产生自由流动的粉末。