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    Nonaqueous polymerization of fluoromonomers
    6.
    发明授权
    Nonaqueous polymerization of fluoromonomers 失效

    公开(公告)号：US5618894A

    公开(公告)日：1997-04-08

    申请号：US457401

    申请日：1995-06-01

    申请人： Joseph M. DeSimone ,  Timothy Romack

    发明人： Joseph M. DeSimone ,  Timothy Romack

    IPC分类号： C08F2/00 ,  C08F4/04 ,  C08F4/34 ,  C08F14/18 ,  C08F16/24

    CPC分类号： C08F16/24 ,  C08F14/18 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S526/942

    摘要： The present invention provides a process for making fluorinated polymers and copolymers having stable end groups. The process includes (1) contacting a fluoromonomer, an initiator capable of producing stable end groups on the polymer chain, and a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide, and (2) polymerizing the fluoromonomer. The polymerization medium preferably comprises liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the process may also include the step of separating the fluoropolymer from the polymerization medium.The present invention also provides polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the processes of the present invention.

    Supercritical fluid reverse micelle systems
    8.
    发明授权
    Supercritical fluid reverse micelle systems 失效
    超临界流体反胶束体系

    公开(公告)号：US5158704A

    公开(公告)日：1992-10-27

    申请号：US559396

    申请日：1990-07-25

    申请人： John L. Fulton ,  Richard D. Smith

    发明人： John L. Fulton ,  Richard D. Smith

    IPC分类号： A61K9/107 ,  B01D11/02 ,  B01F3/08 ,  B01F17/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C01B13/32 ,  C01B33/16 ,  C01F7/34 ,  C01G3/02 ,  C01G5/02 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/32

    CPC分类号： A61K9/1075 ,  B01D11/0203 ,  B01F17/00 ,  B01F3/0811 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  C01B13/32 ,  C01B13/328 ,  C01B33/163 ,  C01F7/34 ,  C01G3/02 ,  C01G5/02 ,  C08F2/32 ,  B01F2003/0064 ,  B01F2003/0834 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00191 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S526/942

    摘要： The surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) was used to form reverse micelle and microemulsion ethane and propane for systems consisting of 80 to 100 percent alkane by weight. Phase diagrams from view cell studies of microemulsion phases formed in supercritical fluids are reported and shown to be strongly dependent on pressure. The properties of these solutions were also characterized by conductivity, density and surfactant solubility measurements. The solubility of AOT in ethane and propane over a range of pressures shows behavior typical of soilds in supercritical fluids. The maximum water to surfactant ratio (Wo) increased dramatically in both ethane and propane systems as presssure was increased. At 300 bar and 103 DEG C., the supercritical propane-surfactant system is capable of solubilizing much more water (Wo=12) than the supercritical ethane-surfactant system (Wo=4) at 300 bar and 37 DEG C. Some of the important thermodynamic contributions which are likely responsible for this pressure dependent phase behavior are discussed and potential applications of this new class of solvents are considered.

    摘要翻译： 使用表面活性剂双（2-乙基己基）磺基琥珀酸钠（AOT）形成反胶束和微乳液乙烷和丙烷，用于由80至100重量％的烷烃组成的体系。 报道了在超临界流体中形成的微乳液相的观察细胞研究的相图，显示出强烈依赖于压力。 这些溶液的性质还通过电导率，密度和表面活性剂溶解度测量来表征。 在一定范围的压力下，AOT在乙烷和丙烷中的溶解度显示出超临界流体中典型的溶液的行为。 随着压力增加，乙烷和丙烷系统中最大的水与表面活性剂比（Wo）都急剧增加。 在300巴和103℃下，超临界丙烷 - 表面活性剂体系在300巴和37℃下能够比超临界乙烷 - 表面活性剂体系（Wo = 4）溶解更多的水（Wo = 12）。 讨论了可能负责这种压力相位行为的重要热力学贡献，并考虑了这一类新溶剂的潜在应用。