公开(公告)号：US08571670B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-29

申请号：US13536817

申请日：2012-06-28

申请人： Shelley Fried ,  Frank Werblin ,  Matthew J. McMahon

发明人： Shelley Fried ,  Frank Werblin ,  Matthew J. McMahon

IPC分类号： A61F9/08

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046

摘要： A method, device and system for stimulating visual tissue, typically in the retina or visual cortex, to achieve an artificial percept of light or image. The method includes providing stimulating electrodes suitable for placement in proximity to the visual tissue and generating a series of short-duration stimulation signals having a duration of less than about 0.5 milliseconds each. The short-duration stimulation signals are applied through the stimulating electrodes with varying frequencies that are substantially matched to a spiking range of frequencies of at least one ganglion cell for perceiving brightness or image.

摘要翻译： 通常在视网膜或视觉皮质中刺激视觉组织的方法，装置和系统，以实现人造对光或图像的感知。 该方法包括提供适于放置在视觉组织附近的刺激电极并产生具有小于约0.5毫秒的持续时间的一系列短持续时间刺激信号。 通过刺激电极施加短持续时间刺激信号，所述刺激电极具有与至少一个神经节细胞的尖峰范围的基本匹配，以感知亮度或图像。

公开(公告)号：US08428739B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US12548275

申请日：2009-08-26

申请人： Ashish Ahuja ,  Avraham Caspi ,  Jessy Dorn ,  Robert J. Greenberg ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Devyani Nanduri

发明人： Ashish Ahuja ,  Avraham Caspi ,  Jessy Dorn ,  Robert J. Greenberg ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Devyani Nanduri

IPC分类号： A61N1/18

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/37247

摘要： This system gives the experimenter great flexibility to present spatio-temporal stimulation patterns to a subject. A video configuration file (VCF) editor allows the experimenter to determine the electrical stimulation parameters for each electrode. A Pattern Stimulation software program allows direct stimulation of chosen patterns of electrodes, scaled by the subject's VCF, through a Graphical User Interface. The subject then responds by drawing the outline of the phosphene he or she perceives on a touchscreen. The Pattern Stimulation program saves all of the trial parameters and the parameters of an ellipse fit to their drawing, as well as a raw data file containing the input to the touchscreen is saved. After the experiment, offline image analysis can be performed to obtain a detailed quantitative description of the subject's percepts. Image descriptors can assigned to the touchscreen data; these image descriptors can be used to make formalized comparisons between various experimental conditions. Various types of image descriptors can be used, including simple ellipse fitting, projections of the 2-D drawings onto one-dimensional axes, calculations of Hu moments, PCA, and ICA.

摘要翻译： 该系统给予实验者极大的灵活性，以向受试者呈现时空刺激模式。 视频配置文件（VCF）编辑器允许实验者确定每个电极的电刺激参数。 图案刺激软件程序允许通过图形用户界面直接刺激由对象的VCF缩放的所选择的电极图案。 然后，该主题通过绘制他或她在触摸屏上感知的磷光体的轮廓来进行响应。 模式刺激程序将所有试验参数和椭圆参数保存到其图形中，并保存包含触摸屏输入的原始数据文件。 实验后，可以进行离线图像分析，以获得对主体感知的详细定量描述。 图像描述符可以分配给触摸屏数据; 这些图像描述符可用于在各种实验条件之间进行正式比较。 可以使用各种图像描述符，包括简单的椭圆拟合，将二维图纸投影到一维轴上，计算Hu矩，PCA和ICA。

公开(公告)号：US20120221077A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13462646

申请日：2012-05-02

申请人： Arup Roy ,  Chunhong Zhou ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Avraham I. Caspi ,  Pishoy Maksy ,  Robert J. Greenberg

发明人： Arup Roy ,  Chunhong Zhou ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Avraham I. Caspi ,  Pishoy Maksy ,  Robert J. Greenberg

IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/3605 ,  A61N1/37235 ,  A61N1/37247 ,  G06K9/4661 ,  G06T7/0012

摘要： A method of editing a video configuration file downloadable to or from a video processing unit of a fitting system for a visual prosthesis is shown. The visual prosthesis has a plurality of electrodes and the video configuration file defines mapping of a video signal captured from a camera of the visual prosthesis to an electrical signal for the electrodes. The editing controls a brightness map for an individual electrode or electrode groups, together with a temporal stimulation pattern to which an individual electrode or electrode groups are assigned. A related computer-operated system is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 示出了编辑可下载到视觉假体的装配系统的视频处理单元的视频配置文件的方法。 视觉假体具有多个电极，并且视频配置文件定义从视觉假体的照相机捕获的视频信号到用于电极的电信号的映射。 编辑控制单个电极或电极组的亮度图，以及分配单个电极组的时间刺激图案。 还公开了一种相关的计算机操作系统。

公开(公告)号：US08103352B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-24

申请号：US11293331

申请日：2005-12-01

申请人： Shelley Fried ,  Frank Werblin ,  Matthew J. McMahon

发明人： Shelley Fried ,  Frank Werblin ,  Matthew J. McMahon

IPC分类号： A61N1/18

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046

摘要： A method, device and system for stimulating visual tissue, typically in the retina or visual cortex, to achieve an artificial percept of light or image. The method includes providing stimulating electrodes suitable for placement in proximity to the visual tissue and generating a series of short-duration stimulation signals having a duration of less than about 0.5 milliseconds each. The short-duration stimulation signals are applied through the stimulating electrodes with varying frequencies that are substantially matched to a spiking range of frequencies of at least one ganglion cell for perceiving brightness or image.

摘要翻译： 通常在视网膜或视觉皮质中刺激视觉组织的方法，装置和系统，以实现人造对光或图像的感知。 该方法包括提供适于放置在视觉组织附近的刺激电极并产生具有小于约0.5毫秒的持续时间的一系列短持续时间刺激信号。 通过刺激电极施加短持续时间刺激信号，所述刺激电极具有与至少一个神经节细胞的尖峰范围的基本匹配，以感知亮度或图像。

公开(公告)号：US20110015699A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-20

申请号：US12879979

申请日：2010-09-10

申请人： Robert Jay Greenberg ,  Ione Fine ,  Arup Roy ,  Matthew J. McMahon

发明人： Robert Jay Greenberg ,  Ione Fine ,  Arup Roy ,  Matthew J. McMahon

IPC分类号： A61N1/36

CPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual patient. The perceptual response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and The response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and the relationship between current and perceived brightness is often non-linear. It is necessary to determine this relationship to fit the prosthesis settings for each patient. It is advantageous to map the perceptual responses to stimuli. The method of mapping of the present invention is to provide a plurality of stimuli that vary in current, voltage, pulse duration, frequency, or some other dimension; measuring and recording the response to those stimuli; deriving a formula or equation describing the map from the individual points; storing the formula; and using that formula to map future stimulation.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种将电极阵列自动调整为单个患者的神经特征的方法。 对电神经刺激的感知反应因患者而异，并且对电神经刺激的响应因患者而异，并且电流和感知亮度之间的关系通常是非线性的。 需要确定这种关系以适应每个患者的假体设置。 将感知反应映射到刺激是有利的。 本发明的映射方法是提供在电流，电压，脉冲持续时间，频率或某些其他维度上变化的多个刺激; 测量和记录对这些刺激的反应; 从各个点得出描述地图的公式或方程; 存储公式; 并使用该公式来映射未来的刺激。

公开(公告)号：US20100249878A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-30

申请号：US12748179

申请日：2010-03-26

申请人： Matthew J. McMahon ,  Robert J. Greenberg ,  Jessy Dorn ,  Avraham I. Caspi ,  Kelly H. McClure

发明人： Matthew J. McMahon ,  Robert J. Greenberg ,  Jessy Dorn ,  Avraham I. Caspi ,  Kelly H. McClure

IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/37247

摘要： The present invention is an improved fitting and training system for a visual prosthesis. A patient, using the visual prosthesis observes a display and indicates location, movement, shape or other properties of the display image to provide for improved fitting and training. In one embodiment, the patient uses a touch screen monitory which displays an image. The patient touches the monitor at the location where the patient perceives the image. The system then corrects the image to the location indicated by the patient. In another embodiment a patient observes an image moving across the touch screen monitor and indicates by moving their hand across the monitor which direction the believe the image is moving. The system can then rotate the image to match the image perceived by the patient.

摘要翻译： 本发明是用于视觉假体的改进的装配和训练系统。 使用视觉假体的患者观察显示器并且指示显示图像的位置，运动，形状或其他属性以提供改进的装配和训练。 在一个实施例中，患者使用显示图像的触摸屏监视器。 患者在患者感知图像的位置触摸显示器。 然后系统将图像校正到患者指示的位置。 在另一个实施例中，患者观察图像移动穿过触摸屏监视器并通过移动他们的手穿过监视器指示图像相对于移动的方向来指示。 然后，系统可以旋转图像以匹配患者感觉到的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20100241192A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-23

申请号：US12561025

申请日：2009-09-16

申请人： Scott H. Greenwald ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Ione Fine

发明人： Scott H. Greenwald ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Ione Fine

IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543

摘要： To accurately represent a visual scene a visual prosthesis must convey luminance information across a range of brightness levels. To do this, the brightness of phosphenes produced by an individual electrode should scale appropriately with luminance, and the same luminance should produce equivalently bright phosphenes across the entire electrode array. Given that the function relating current to brightness varies across electrodes, it is necessary to develop a fitting procedure that will permit brightness to be equated across an entire array.The current invention describes a method of performing a brightness fitting that normalizes brightness across electrodes. The method determines a set of parameters that are stored in the subjects Video Configuration File—the look-up table that converts the video camera input to stimulation profiles for each electrode. One electrode would be specified as the standard.Brightness rating would be carried out on that electrode so “rating” as a function of current amplitude was known for that electrode.

摘要翻译： 为了准确地表示视觉场景，视觉假体必须在亮度级别范围内传达亮度信息。 为了做到这一点，单个电极产生的磷光体的亮度应该用亮度适当地调节，并且相同的亮度应该在整个电极阵列上产生等同的亮的磷光体。 假设电流与亮度相关的功能在电极之间变化，则有必要开发一种拟合程序，这将允许整个阵列的亮度相等。 本发明描述了执行使电极之间的亮度标准化的亮度拟合的方法。 该方法确定存储在被摄体视频配置文件（将视频摄像机输入转换为每个电极的刺激曲线）的查找表中存储的一组参数。 一个电极将被指定为标准。 在该电极上将进行亮度等级，因此对于该电极已知作为电流幅度的函数的“额定值”。

公开(公告)号：US20080294223A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-27

申请号：US11925285

申请日：2007-10-26

申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Ione Fine ,  Arup Roy ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Mark S. Humayun ,  James David Weiland ,  Alan M. Horsager ,  Dao Min Zhou ,  Amy Hines ,  Sumit Yadav ,  Rongqing Dai

发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Ione Fine ,  Arup Roy ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Mark S. Humayun ,  James David Weiland ,  Alan M. Horsager ,  Dao Min Zhou ,  Amy Hines ,  Sumit Yadav ,  Rongqing Dai

IPC分类号： A61N1/36

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/37247

摘要： The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual subject. The response to electrical neural stimulation varies from subject to subject. Measure of impedance may be used to predict the electrode height from the neural tissue and, thereby, predict the threshold of perception. Alternatively, electrode height may be measured directly to predict the threshold of perception. Also, impedance measurement may be used to quickly identify defective electrodes and proper electrode placement.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种将电极阵列自动调整为个体对象的神经特征的方法。 对电神经刺激的反应因受试者而异。 可以使用阻抗测量来预测来自神经组织的电极高度，从而预测感知的阈值。 或者，可以直接测量电极高度以预测感知阈值。 此外，阻抗测量可用于快速识别有缺陷的电极和适当的电极放置。

公开(公告)号：US20080262570A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：US11875742

申请日：2007-10-19

申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Mark S. Humayun ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon

发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Mark S. Humayun ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon

IPC分类号： A61N1/00

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/37247

摘要： A retinal stimulation system. The retinal stimulation system comprises an electronics package; and at least a first and a second electrode, each associated with the electronics package and configured to apply current to a subject's retina; wherein current to be applied by the first electrode and the second electrode is configured to be higher for the first electrode when the first electrode has an impedance lower than a second electrode's impedance

摘要翻译： 视网膜刺激系统。 视网膜刺激系统包括电子封装; 以及至少第一和第二电极，每个电极与电子封装相关联并且被配置为将电流施加到受试者的视网膜; 其中，当所述第一电极具有低于第二电极阻抗的阻抗时，由所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加的电流被配置为高于所述第一电极

公开(公告)号：US08457752B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-04

申请号：US11521681

申请日：2006-09-15

申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Matthew J. McMahon

发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Matthew J. McMahon

IPC分类号： A61N1/00

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543

摘要： The present invention is a method of improving the contrast of electrical neural stimulation and expanding the dynamic range for brightness, and specifically a method of improving the contrast of an image supplied to the retina, or visual cortex, through a visual prosthesis. The background brightness for a blind subject is often not perfectly black, but a dark gray or brown. When stimulating visual neurons in the retina, low current stimulation tends to create a dark percept, the perception of a phosphene darker than the background brightness level perceived in the un-stimulated state. The human retina contains neurons that signal light increments (“on” cells) and neurons that signal light decrements (“off” cells). In a healthy retina, the on cells tend to fire in response to an increase in light above the background level, while the off cells tend to fire in response to a decrease in light below the background level.

摘要翻译： 本发明是改善电神经刺激的对比度和扩大亮度的动态范围的方法，具体而言，是通过视觉假体改善提供给视网膜或视觉皮层的图像的对比度的方法。 盲人的背景亮度通常不是完全黑色，而是深灰色或棕色。 当刺激视网膜中的视觉神经元时，低电流刺激倾向于产生暗感知，磷光体的感知比在未刺激状态下感知到的背景亮度水平更暗。 人类视网膜含有信号光增量（“on”细胞）和信号光衰减（“off”细胞）的神经元的神经元。 在健康的视网膜中，上细胞倾向于响应于高于背景水平的光的增加而起火，而离开细胞倾向于响应于低于背景水平的光的降低而起火。