摘要:
The problems of reducing the torque required to turn the valve, eliminating wear dust, and extending the life of the valves in Gifford McMahon (G-M) type multi-port pulse tube refrigerators are solved by using a rotary spool valve having radial clearance to control flow to and from the regenerator, and using face seal ports on the end of the spool to control flow to and from the pulse tubes.
摘要:
A cryopump cooled by a GM type refrigerator is disclosed in which the cold (second stage) cryopanel(s) are in planes that are pitched parallel to the axis of the expander cylinder; the cold end of the first stage expansion space is close to the point where the expander cylinder enters the vacuum housing that contains the cryopanels; and a drain system removes all the liquid argon and water flowing out through a vent port for two orientations of the cryopump.
摘要:
This invention provides an improved means of quickly warming a pulse tube (165) by shifting the phase relation of flow to the warm end of the pulse tube relative to flow to the warm end (117) of the pulse tube relative to flow to the warm end of the regenerator (160) using a “four valve” concept and the “active buffer” concept. Several different pulse tube configurations and valve timing relations that are effective at reversing the cycle from the normal mode, which produces cooling at the pulse tube heat station, to a reverse mode that produces heating are disclosed.
摘要:
A Group I gas cryopumping system includes a compressor throttle cycle refrigerator using mixed refrigerants. Cold refrigerant flows through a cryopumping surface located in a vacuum chamber, whereon vapor freezes. The refrigerant then passes through a heat exchanger in cross flow with refrigerant from the compressor. Refrigerant flow entering and leaving the heat exchanger is in uninsulated lines at substantially room temperature. All exposed cold lines are eliminated. The throttle device and cold cryopumping surface are an integral unit that connects directly to the flow paths of the heat exchanger without intermediate lines. The compressor/aftercooler unit may be located at any convenient distance from the heat exchanger and cryopumping surface, and the heat exchanger is located immediately adjacent to the pumping surface in a separate housing outside the vacuum chamber. The heat exchanger housing may share or be isolated from the vacuum of the vacuum chamber. Selected mixed refrigerants provide a wide range of cooling capacity over narrow, selectable temperature ranges. Thus, in a selected temperature range, gases are selectively collected to the exclusion of other gases. A tray collects liquid water from the cryopump surfaces during defrost.
摘要:
Apparatus and methods for low pressure cooling of superconducting magnets, for example, on a magnetic levitated train, through a separate circulation loop from a sealed, unvented thermal reservoir to provide a lightweight cooling system. In a second embodiment, forced flow cooling is directed to the superconducting magnets and shields through a separate circulation loop from a sealed thermal reservoir to further reduce the weight of the cooling system.
摘要:
A cryostat for maintaining an inventory of a liquefied cryogen including a vacuum jacketed reservoir (Dewar) containing heat shields in the vacuum jacket, the heat shields cooled to different temperatures and a cryogen recondenser cooled by a cryogenic refrigerator. Included in the cryostat is an access passage to place objects in the cryogen and to support the refrigerator, the access passage including means to remove the refrigerator without opening the liquid cryogen to ambient atmosphere.
摘要:
A demand-flow cryostat wherein a refrigerant is supplied through an elongated heat exchanger disposed in a container and the refrigerant is expanded through a Joule-Thompson expansion orifice at one end of the heat exchanger to provide an inventory of liquid in the container at that end and wherein a valve member for controlling a refrigerant flow through the orifice is located adjacent thereto and is movable relative to the orifice; whereby a throttling movement is effected with a reduction in temperature. The operation of the orifice and valve member characterized in that each is affixed to separate mounting means, each of which mounting means is associated with a separate control element composed of different materials whose mean cryogenic linear coefficients of expansion differ by at least about 1.times.10.sup.-5 (.degree. K.sup.-1).
摘要:
The present invention applies to single or two stage pulse tube refrigerators that have one or more passive orifices at the hot end(s) of the pulse tube(s) through which gas flows to achieve phase shifting and the phase shifting gas flow circulates to a remote heat sink by adding check valves and an appropriate piping circuit.
摘要:
In an oil-lubricated helium compressor unit, the adsorber can retain all of the oil that might be transferred from the compressor to the adsorber before the system shuts down. No oil is ever transferred or transferable to, for example, the expander in a GM type refrigeration system connected to the unit. The compressor itself will shut down because of a protective switch or seize for lack of oil before any oil carries outside the compressor unit. The unit and the connected refrigeration system can run for more than a selected design life before the compressor shuts down because the limit of oil in the adsorber has been reached. The adsorber can retain as much oil as might leave the compressor over the life of the system plus a safety margin of at least 25%. The adsorber need not be serviced or replaced for the life of the system.
摘要:
A cryogenic cold head in a canister is partially surrounded by an isolation mass. An open portion of the mass permits access for connection of a vapor compression refrigeration unit to the cold head, which is highly conductive. Straps of braided copper suspend the isolation mass from the cold head. The isolation mass and straps have a fundamental frequency that is below the first harmonic frequency at the cold head as caused by the refrigeration unit. A temperature differential between the cold head and a device-mounting interface on the isolation mass is preferably less than 2.5K per watt of heat transferred. The device to be cooled is mounted directly to the isolation mass when the mass of the device is insignificant relative to the isolation mass. For further vibration isolation, the device is separated from the isolation mass by another braided strap. By mounting the isolation mass using a plurality of generally opposed braided straps, any orientation of the cold head/isolation mass combination may be used without jeopardizing performance.