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公开(公告)号：US4386014A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-31
申请号：US287385
申请日：1981-07-27
摘要： New catalysts comprising lead and silver on supports having relatively low surface areas and their use have been found to be useful in the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde at elevated temperatures.
摘要翻译： 已经发现，包含具有相对低表面积的载体上的铅和银的新催化剂及其用途可用于在升高的温度下将甲醇氧化脱氢成甲醛。
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公开(公告)号：US4011252A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-08
申请号：US606280
申请日：1975-08-20
CPC分类号： C07C51/27
摘要： A process for producing fatty acids from C.sub.20 to C.sub.30 normal alkanes by air oxidizing the alkanes, followed by hydrogenating the product of the air oxidation and then oxidizing the hydrogenated product by nitric acid oxidation. The crude fatty acid product may be purified by a second hydrogenation to convert nitrogen impurities to amines and removal of the amines.
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公开(公告)号：US06048473A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US876537
申请日：1997-06-16
CPC分类号： C01B3/323 , H01M8/0612
摘要： A process for operating a system for water vapor reforming of methanol includes a mixture preparation step for preparing a water vapor/methanol mixture from water and methanol, which mixture is subsequently introduced into a reforming reactor in a quantity which depends on the load condition of the system. According to the invention, the water vapor/methanol mixture ratio of the water vapor/methanol mixture introduced into the reforming reactor is maintained at a predeterminable desired value unaffected by short-term load changing operations, to avoid undesirable short-term increases of the CO-concentration in the reformate.
摘要翻译： 用于操作甲醇的水蒸气重整系统的方法包括从水和甲醇制备水蒸气/甲醇混合物的混合物制备步骤，随后将该混合物以取决于载体条件的量引入重整反应器 系统。 根据本发明，引入重整反应器的水蒸汽/甲醇混合物的水蒸气/甲醇混合比保持在不受短期负荷变化操作影响的可预定的期望值，以避免CO的不期望的短期增加 - 重组中的集中。
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公开(公告)号：US4450301A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-22
申请号：US435848
申请日：1982-10-21
IPC分类号： B01J8/04 , C07C45/38 , C07C47/052
CPC分类号： B01J8/0457 , C07C45/38 , B01J2208/00548 , B01J2208/00628
摘要： In a process for oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde which comprises passing the methanol with molecular oxygen through two sequential silver-based catalysts, with the second of said catalysts being a bed of particulate silver such as, specifically, silver crystals, the process efficiency, and especially the efficiency of the reaction taking place in the second catalyst bed, is improved by controlling (a) the ratio of formaldehyde to methanol in the reactant gases entering the second catalyst bed and (b) the specific reaction rate in said second bed. The specific reaction rate is defined as the quantity of methanol converted in said second bed per unit time per unit of cross-sectional area of the bed.
摘要翻译： 在将甲醇氧化成甲醛的方法中，其中包括使甲醇与分子氧通过两个连续的银基催化剂，其中第二个催化剂是颗粒状银床，特别是银晶体，工艺效率尤其是 通过控制（a）进入第二催化剂床的反应气体中的甲醛与甲醇的比例和（b）所述第二床中的特定反应速率来改善在第二催化剂床中发生的反应的效率。 特定反应速率定义为在床的每单位横截面积的每单位时间内在所述第二床中转化的甲醇的量。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06299736B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-09
申请号：US09333587
申请日：1999-06-15
申请人： Kenneth A. Windhorst , H. Robert Gerberich , Deborah A. Sitz , Nicole Garrett-Wallace , R. Jay Warner
发明人： Kenneth A. Windhorst , H. Robert Gerberich , Deborah A. Sitz , Nicole Garrett-Wallace , R. Jay Warner
IPC分类号： B01D336
CPC分类号： C07D315/00 , B01D3/36
摘要： Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) is recovered from a mixture containing GBL and other heavy organics by a process of azeotropic distillation in the presence of a C8-C 10 hydrocarbon as an azeotroping agent, wherein an azeotrope of GBL and the hydrocarbon is obtained as a distillate, which forms immiscible GBL-rich and hydrocarbon-rich phases, and the hydrocarbon-rich phase is decanted or isolated from the GBL-rich phase. By this process GBL can be efficiently separated from a large proportion of various compounds having boiling points close to that of GBL, e.g., the methyl-&ggr;-butyrolactones (MeGBL's).
摘要翻译： 通过在作为共沸剂的C 8 -C 10烃存在下通过共沸蒸馏的方法从含有GBL和其它重物质的混合物中回收γ-丁内酯（GBL），其中获得GBL和烃的共沸物作为 馏出物，其形成不混溶的富含GBL的富碳相，富含烃的相从富含GBL的相倾析或分离。 通过该方法，可以将沸点高于GBL的各种化合物例如甲基-γ-丁内酯（MeGBL's）的大部分有效地分离。
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公开(公告)号：US5898087A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-27
申请号：US820795
申请日：1997-03-19
摘要： Disclosed is a process to produce paraformaldehyde prills having a low dissolution time and low concentration of insoluble formation. The insolubles are believed to lead to stickiness, tackiness, and loss of flowability of the product, loss of handling, and lead to storage problems of the final prill product. To address this problem, a concentrated formaldehyde solution is prepared having a purity ranging from 37%-99% and may be mixed with an amine additive, an amine and alcohol additive, or amine, alcohol, and caustic additive. Alternatively, the final prill may be sprayed with an amine or amine mixture stabilizer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备低溶解时间和低浓度不溶性形成的多聚甲醛颗粒的方法。 据信这些不溶物会导致产品的粘性，粘性和流动性的损失，丢失处理，并导致最终的造粒产品的储存问题。 为了解决这个问题，制备纯度为37％-99％的浓缩甲醛溶液，并可与胺添加剂，胺和醇添加剂或胺，醇和苛性碱添加剂混合。 或者，最终的颗粒可以用胺或胺混合物稳定剂喷雾。
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公开(公告)号：US4420641A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-13
申请号：US457335
申请日：1983-01-12
IPC分类号： B01J23/66 , C07C45/38 , C07C47/052
摘要： New catalysts comprising lead and silver on supports having relatively low surface areas and their use have been found to be useful in the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde at elevated temperatures.
摘要翻译： 已经发现，包含具有相对低表面积的载体上的铅和银的新催化剂及其用途可用于在升高的温度下将甲醇氧化脱氢成甲醛。
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公开(公告)号：US4390730A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-28
申请号：US287384
申请日：1981-07-27
申请人： H. Robert Gerberich
发明人： H. Robert Gerberich
IPC分类号： B01J23/66 , C07C45/38 , C07C47/052
摘要： Lead-silver catalysts have been found to be useful in the production of formaldehyde by oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol vapor with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperatures.
摘要翻译： 已经发现铅 - 银催化剂可用于通过在高温下用含氧气体氧化脱氢甲醛来生产甲醛。
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公开(公告)号：US06972159B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-06
申请号：US10153307
申请日：2002-05-22
申请人： Rainer Autenrieth , Robert Gerberich , Gerhard Konrad , Karsten Ledwig , Michael Niehues , Markus Walter
发明人： Rainer Autenrieth , Robert Gerberich , Gerhard Konrad , Karsten Ledwig , Michael Niehues , Markus Walter
IPC分类号： H01M8/04082 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0438 , H01M8/04537 , H01M8/04746 , H01M8/04858 , H01M8/04955 , H01M16/00 , H01M14/00 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/12 , H01M10/44
CPC分类号： H01M8/04955 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04626 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04865 , H01M8/0491 , H01M16/006 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32 , Y10S204/04
摘要： A fuel-cell system, in particular for a vehicle, has a device for supplying the operating agents for a fuel cell and an electrical energy accumulator. The energy accumulator is composed of a battery and of an intermediate charge store which has a lower internal resistance than the battery. A switch is provided in the electrical connection between the energy accumulator and the fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池系统，特别是用于车辆的燃料电池系统具有用于供应用于燃料电池和电能蓄能器的操作剂的装置。 蓄能器由电池和具有比电池低的内部电阻的中间电荷存储器组成。 在蓄能器和燃料电池之间的电连接中提供开关。
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10.发明授权Continuous process for the production of carboxylic acid esters of alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers 失效用于生产亚烷基二醇单烷基醚的羧酸酯的连续方法公开(公告)号：US06444842B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-03
申请号：US09529899
申请日：2000-04-19
申请人： H. Robert Gerberich , R. Jay Warner
发明人： H. Robert Gerberich , R. Jay Warner
IPC分类号： C07C6702
CPC分类号： C07C67/54 , C07C67/58 , C07C69/003 , C07C69/14
摘要： The present invention provides an improved method for the preparation of carboxylic acid esters of alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers by the acid catalyzed esterification of the monoalkyl ether with a carboxylic acid. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carboxylic acid and alcohol are reacted in a reactor/column and the resulting ester product is distilled into an overhead decanter/extractor as a single phase. A small amount of solvent, preferably a hydrocarbon is added to the mixture causing the resulting distillate to separate into two phases, one phase containing the desired product, the other containing primarily water. The process described is applicable to both batch and continuous operation and is not constrained by the difficulty of separating closely boiling azeotropes and results in substantially higher production rates than achieved by current processes.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了通过单烷基醚与羧酸的酸催化酯化来制备亚烷基二醇单烷基醚的羧酸酯的改进方法。 在本发明的优选实施方案中，羧酸和醇在反应器/塔中反应，所得酯产物作为单相蒸馏成塔顶馏分/萃取器。 向混合物中加入少量溶剂，优选烃，使所得馏出物分离成两相，一相含有所需产物，另一相主要含水。 所描述的方法适用于批次和连续操作，并且不受分离紧密沸腾的共沸物的困难的限制，并且导致比通过当前方法实现的生产率显着更高的生产率。
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