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公开(公告)号：US06239350B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-29
申请号：US09162328
申请日：1998-09-28
IPC分类号： H01L3530
CPC分类号： H01G9/21
摘要： An alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) cell of the type employing an alkali metal flowing between a hot end of the AMTEC cell and a cold end of AMTEC cell. The AMTEC cell being separated into a low-pressure zone and a high-pressure zone and comprising a condenser communicating with the low-pressure zone for condensing alkali metal vapor migrating through the low-pressure zone from the solid electrolyte structure, a return channel coupled to the condenser for directing the condensed alkali metal from the condenser toward the hot end of the AMTEC cell, an evaporator coupled to the return channel and communicating with the high-pressure zone for evaporating the condensed alkali metal into the high-pressure zone, the evaporator including an evaporation surface, and a solid electrolyte structure separating the low-pressure zone and the high pressure zone and having alkali metal simultaneously existing in a vapor and liquid state in its interior.
摘要翻译： 使用在AMTEC电池的热端和AMTEC电池的冷端之间流动的碱金属的碱金属热电转换器（AMTEC）电池。 AMTEC电池被分离成低压区和高压区，并且包括与低压区连通的冷凝器，用于冷凝通过低压区从固体电解质结构迁移的碱金属蒸汽， 连接到冷凝器，用于将冷凝的碱金属从冷凝器引导到AMTEC电池的热端，蒸发器耦合到返回通道并与高压区连通，以将冷凝的碱金属蒸发到高压区， 包括蒸发表面的蒸发器和分离低压区和高压区并且在其内部同时以蒸气和液态存在的碱金属的固体电解质结构。
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2.发明授权Ionically insulating seal for alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cells 失效碱金属热电转换（AMTEC）电池的绝缘密封
公开(公告)号：US5998728A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US861123
申请日：1997-05-21
CPC分类号： H01M10/3918 , H01G9/21 , H02N3/00 , H01M10/3963
摘要： The present invention provides an ionic and electronic insulator interposed between a BASE tube and a tube mounting member in an AMTEC cell for preventing shunt currents from forming between BASE tube electrodes. In a first embodiment of the invention, an insulator is formed integral with the BASE tube by leaching out an alkali metal ion component of the BASE tube at a desired location. In a second embodiment of the present invention, an alpha alumina ring is brazed to the end of the BASE tube. In a third embodiment of the present invention, a glass material seal is formed between the BASE tube and the mounting member.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种插入在AMTEC电池中的BASE管和管安装构件之间的离子和电子绝缘体，用于防止在BASE管电极之间形成分流电流。 在本发明的第一实施例中，通过在期望的位置浸出BASE管的碱金属离子成分，绝缘体与BASE管形成一体。 在本发明的第二个实施方案中，将α氧化铝环钎焊到BASE管的末端。 在本发明的第三实施例中，在BASE管和安装构件之间形成玻璃材料密封。
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公开(公告)号：US5089054A
公开(公告)日：1992-02-18
申请号：US619354
申请日：1990-11-28
申请人： Robert K. Sievers
发明人： Robert K. Sievers
CPC分类号： H01G9/21
摘要： A flat plate alkali metal thermoelectric converter module having a plurality of generally flat plate cells grouped in stacks that are electrically connected in series within the stack, the cells being disposed to minimize the heat energy radiated to a condenser to provide a high efficiency module.
摘要翻译： 一种平板碱金属热电转换器模块，其具有多个大体上平坦的平板电池，所述多个平板电池分组堆叠，所述多个平板电池串联地电连接到所述堆叠内，所述电池被设置为使辐射到冷凝器的热能最小化以提供高效模块。
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公开(公告)号：US5942719A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-24
申请号：US901371
申请日：1997-07-28
申请人： Robert K. Sievers , Rahul Mital
发明人： Robert K. Sievers , Rahul Mital
CPC分类号： H02N11/002 , H01G9/21 , H01M14/00 , H01M2300/0074 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/12
摘要： The present invention provides an alkali metal thermal to electric conversion cell having radially projecting beta-alumina type solid electrolyte elements and a central heat input region.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供具有径向突出的β-氧化铝型固体电解质元件和中心热输入区域的碱金属热电转换电池。
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5.发明授权Evaporation front position control in alkali metal thermal electric conversion (AMTEC) cells 失效碱金属热电转换（AMTEC）电池的蒸发前置位控制
公开(公告)号：US5939666A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-17
申请号：US877222
申请日：1997-06-17
IPC分类号： H01L35/30
CPC分类号： H01M10/39
摘要： The present invention provides an alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cell of the type employing an alkali metal flowing between a high-pressure zone and low-pressure zone in the cell through a solid electrolyte structure. According to the invention, the cell preferably includes a condenser communicating with the low-pressure zone for condensing alkali metal vapor migrating through the low-pressure zone from the solid electrolyte structure. A return channel is coupled to the condenser for directing condensed alkali metal from the condenser toward a hot end of the cell. An evaporator is coupled to the return channel for evaporating the condensed alkali metal and communicates with the high-pressure zone. The evaporator includes means for controlling an evaporation front position of the alkali metal in response to variations in the temperature gradient within the cell as caused by load changes on the cell. Such means for controlling the evaporation front position preferably includes a wick having an alkali metal evaporation surface spanning the temperature gradient. For instance, a conically shaped surface diverging toward the hot end of the cell may be employed.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了通过固体电解质结构在电池中在高压区和低压区之间流动的碱金属的碱金属热电转换（AMTEC）电池。 根据本发明，电池优选包括与低压区连通的冷凝器，用于冷凝通过低压区从固体电解质结构迁移的碱金属蒸汽。 返回通道耦合到冷凝器，用于将冷凝的碱金属从冷凝器引导到电池的热端。 蒸发器耦合到返回通道，用于蒸发冷凝的碱金属并与高压区连通。 蒸发器包括用于响应于由电池上的负载变化引起的电池内的温度梯度的变化来控制碱金属的蒸发前沿位置的装置。 用于控制蒸发前置位置的装置优选地包括具有横跨温度梯度的碱金属蒸发表面的芯。 例如，可以使用朝向电池的热端发散的锥形表面。
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公开(公告)号：US5928436A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US806606
申请日：1997-02-26
摘要： The present invention provides an AMTEC cell having a more robust power conductance path (conduction, radiation, convection, and latent heat transfer) from the heat input surface of the cell to the working fluid, evaporation surface, and SES. More particularly, one embodiment of the present invention includes collars, post and/or bridges extending between the SES support plate and the heat input surface. In another embodiment, a plurality of channels or conduits extend between the heat input surface and SES support plate. These embodiments simultaneously increase the thermal conductance path between the heat input surface of the cell and the evaporation surface as well as between the heat input surface of the cell and the SES, and enables superheating of the working fluid. Additionally, posts, fins or heat pipes may be provided in the low pressure zone of the cell between members of the SES to simultaneously increase the conductance between the heat input surface of the cell and the evaporation surface, raise the temperature of the SES, through radiation and/or conduction heat transfer, and isothermalize the SES. Furthermore, posts, fins, or heat pipes may extend from the heat input surface of the cell to a location proximate the SES on the high pressure side to simultaneously raise the temperature of the SES through radiation and conduction heat transfer, isothermalize the SES, and superheat the working fluid through convective heat transfer.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种AMTEC电池，其具有从电池的热输入表面到工作流体，蒸发表面和SES的更坚固的功率电导路径（传导，辐射，对流和潜热传递）。 更具体地，本发明的一个实施例包括在SES支撑板和热输入表面之间延伸的套环，柱和/或桥。 在另一个实施例中，多个通道或管道在热输入表面和SES支撑板之间延伸。 这些实施例同时增加了电池的热输入表面和蒸发表面之间以及电池的热输入表面和SES之间的热传导路径，并且使得工作流体能够过热。 另外，可以在SES的构件之间的电池的低压区域中设置柱，散热片或热管，以同时增加电池的热输入表面与蒸发表面之间的电导，从而提高SES的温度，通过 辐射和/或传导热传递，并等温SES。 此外，柱，翅片或热管可以从电池的热输入表面延伸到靠近高压侧的SES的位置，以通过辐射和传导热传递同时提高SES的温度，使SES等温，以及 通过对流传热使工作流体过热。
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公开(公告)号：US4808240A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-28
申请号：US95384
申请日：1987-09-08
申请人： Robert K. Sievers
发明人： Robert K. Sievers
摘要： The present invention pertains to a stacked AMTEC module. The invention includes a tubular member which has an interior. The member is comprised of a ion conductor that substantially conducts ions relative to electrons, preferably a beta"-alumina solid electrolyte, positioned about the interior. A porous electrode for conducting electrons and allowing sodium ions to pass therethrough, and wherein electrons and sodium ions recombine to form sodium is positioned about the beta"-alumina solid electrolyte. The electrode is operated at a temperature and a pressure that allows the recombined sodium to vaporize. Additionally, an outer current collector grid for distributing electrons throughout the porous electrode is positioned about and contacts the porous electrode. Also included in the invention is transporting means for transporting liquid sodium to the beta"-alumina solid electrolyte of the tubular member. A transition piece is positioned about the interior of the member and contacts the transporting means. The transition piece divides the member into a first cell and a second cell such that each first and second cell has a beta"-alumina solid electrolyte, a first and second porous electrode and a grid. The transition piece conducts electrons from the interior of the tubular member. There is supply means for supplying sodium to the transporting means. Preferably the supply means is a shell which surrounds the tubular member and is operated at a temperature such that the vaporized sodium condenses thereon. Returning means for returning the condensed sodium from the shell to the transporting means provides a continuous supply of liquid sodium to the transporting means. Also, there are first conducting means for conducting electric current from the transition piece which extends through the shell, and second conducting means for conducting electric current to the grid of the first cell which extends through the shell.
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8.发明授权Graded porosity artery for alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cells 失效分级孔隙动脉用于碱金属热转电（AMTEC）电池
公开(公告)号：US5952605A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-14
申请号：US901439
申请日：1997-07-28
IPC分类号： H01L35/30
CPC分类号： H01M10/39
摘要： The present invention provides an alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cell of the type employing an alkali metal flowing between a high-pressure zone and low-pressure zone in the cell through a solid electrolyte structure. The cell preferably includes a condenser communicating with the low-pressure zone for condensing alkali metal vapor migrating through the low-pressure zone from the solid electrolyte structure. An artery is coupled to the condenser for directing condensed alkali metal from the condenser toward a hot end of the cell. An evaporator for evaporating the condensed alkali metal is coupled to the artery channel and communicates with the high-pressure zone. The artery and evaporator combine to form a return channel which preferably includes a graded pore size capillary structure for creating a region having a large pore size transitioning in any predetermined manner to a region having a relatively smaller pore size. In this way, the capillary pressure provided by the return channel is optimized along its length while minimizing flow restrictions which are presented where the pore sizes are smaller than required to sustain alkali metal flow in portions of the return channel.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了通过固体电解质结构在电池中在高压区和低压区之间流动的碱金属的碱金属热电转换（AMTEC）电池。 电池优选包括与低压区连通的冷凝器，用于冷凝通过低压区从固体电解质结构迁移的碱金属蒸气。 动脉联接到冷凝器，用于将冷凝的碱金属从冷凝器引导到细胞的热端。 用于蒸发冷凝的碱金属的蒸发器联接到动脉通道并与高压区连通。 动脉和蒸发器组合形成返回通道，其优选地包括分级孔径毛细结构，用于产生具有大孔径的区域，其以任何预定方式转变到具有相对较小孔径的区域。 以这种方式，由返回通道提供的毛细管压力沿其长度被优化，同时使流量限制最小化，其中孔径小于在返回通道的部分中维持碱金属流动所需的孔径。
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9.发明授权Heat shields for alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cells 失效用于碱金属热电转换（AMTEC）电池的隔热罩
公开(公告)号：US5929371A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US901554
申请日：1997-07-28
CPC分类号： H01G9/21 , H01M14/00 , H01M2300/0074 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/12
摘要： The present invention provides an alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cell of the type employing an alkali metal flowing between a high-pressure zone and low-pressure zone in the cell through a solid electrolyte structure. The cell preferably includes a condenser communicating with the low-pressure zone for condensing alkali metal vapor migrating through the low-pressure zone from the solid electrolyte structure. An artery is coupled to the condenser for directing condensed alkali metal from the condenser toward a hot end of the cell. An evaporator for evaporating the condensed alkali metal is coupled to the artery and communicates with the high-pressure zone. A heat shield is disposed in the low pressure zone of the cell for reducing the radiative heat transfer between the hot end of the cell and the cold end of the cell. The heat shield preferably includes a first end having a known area transitioning to a second end encompassing a smaller area than the first end.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了通过固体电解质结构在电池中在高压区和低压区之间流动的碱金属的碱金属热电转换（AMTEC）电池。 电池优选包括与低压区连通的冷凝器，用于冷凝通过低压区从固体电解质结构迁移的碱金属蒸气。 动脉联接到冷凝器，用于将冷凝的碱金属从冷凝器引导到细胞的热端。 用于蒸发冷凝的碱金属的蒸发器联接到动脉并与高压区连通。 隔热板设置在电池的低压区中，以减少电池的热端和电池的冷端之间的辐射热传递。 隔热罩优选地包括具有过渡到包围比第一端小的区域的第二端的已知区域的第一端。
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公开(公告)号：US5228922A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-20
申请号：US656530
申请日：1991-02-19
申请人： Robert K. Sievers
发明人： Robert K. Sievers
摘要： A high voltage multitube alkali metal thermal electric convertor having a plurality of closely packed tubular cells disposed in a tube sheet in a vessel and electrically connected in series, the tube sheet dividing the vessel into a high pressure high temperature portion having a wick and heater disposed therein and a low pressure low temperature portion having a wick disposed in a condenser from which heat is removed; a pump for transferring liquid metal therebetween and a tab on a wick disposed in the tubular cell to remove excess liquid metal and prevent shorting between the cells.
摘要翻译： 一种高压多管碱金属热电转换器，其具有多个紧密堆积的管状电池，其设置在容器中的管板中并串联连接，所述管板将容器分成具有芯和加热器的高压高温部分 以及低压低温部，其具有设置在冷凝器中的芯，从该热芯除去热量; 用于在其间转移液体金属的泵和设置在管状电池中的灯芯上的突片，以去除多余的液态金属并防止电池之间的短路。
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