公开(公告)号：US4825061A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

申请号：US82546

申请日：1987-08-07

申请人： Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Rudolf K. F. Germer ,  Vishnukumar K. Lakdawala ,  Sacharia Albin

发明人： Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Rudolf K. F. Germer ,  Vishnukumar K. Lakdawala ,  Sacharia Albin

IPC分类号： H01L31/0296 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/09 ,  H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H01L31/02963 ,  H01L31/03042 ,  H01L31/09 ,  Y02E10/544

摘要： A light activated semiconductor switch is capable of carrying large currents without requiring continuous illumination of the semiconductor to sustain conduction. The switch includes a block of semiconductor material having ohmic contacts connectable to first and second electrical conductors and a deep acceptor level between conduction and valence bands that may be counterdoped with shallow donors. The source of light used to switch between the ON and OFF states is an electromagnetic radiation device which directs first and second beams onto the block between the ohmic contacts. The first beam causes photo-excitation of electrons form the deep acceptor level into the conduction band to provide initial electrons for conduction between the first and second electrical conductors. The second beam causes electrons from the conduction band and holes from the deep acceptor level to combine, thereby interrupting conduction between the first and second electrical conductors.

摘要翻译： 光激活的半导体开关能够承载大电流而不需要连续照射半导体以维持传导。 开关包括具有可连接到第一和第二电导体的欧姆接触的半导体材料块和可以与浅供体相反的导电带价和价带之间的深受主电平。 用于在ON和OFF状态之间切换的光源是将第一和第二光束引导到欧姆接触之间的块上的电磁辐射装置。 第一束引起电子的光激发形成导入带的深受主电平，以提供用于第一和第二电导体之间的导电的初始电子。 第二光束导致来自导带的电子和来自深受主电平的孔组合，从而中断第一和第二电导体之间的导通。

公开(公告)号：US06069985A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-30

申请号：US131754

申请日：1998-08-10

申请人： Sacharia Albin ,  Jianli Zheng ,  Arnel Lavarias

发明人： Sacharia Albin ,  Jianli Zheng ,  Arnel Lavarias

IPC分类号： G01D5/353 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/24 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01D5/35377 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B2006/12107 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/241

摘要： A transducer has been invented that uses specially-oriented gratings in waveguide a manner that allows the simultaneous measurement of physical phenomena (such as shear force, strain and temperature) in a single sensing element. The invention has a highly sensitive, linear response and also has directional sensitivity with regard to strain. The transducer has a waveguide with a longitudinal axis as well as two Bragg gratings. The transducer has a first Bragg grating associated with the waveguide that has an angular orientation .theta..sub.a relative to a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis such that 0.degree.

摘要翻译： 已经发明了一种在波导中使用专门定向的光栅的换能器，其允许同时测量单个感测元件中的物理现象（例如剪切力，应变和温度）。 本发明具有高灵敏度，线性响应，并且在应变方面也具有方向灵敏度。 换能器具有纵向轴线的波导以及两个布拉格光栅。 换能器具有与波导相关联的第一布拉格光栅，该第一布拉格光栅相对于垂直于纵轴的角取向θa使得0°θ< 第二布拉格光栅以这样的方式与波导相关联，使得光栅相对于纵向轴线的垂直线的角度方向θb为（360°-θmax）<θ<360°。 第一布拉格光栅可以具有周期性LAMBDAa，并且第二布拉格光栅可以具有周期性LAMBDA b，使得第一布拉格光栅的周期性LAMBDA a不等于第二布拉格光栅的周期性LAMBDA b。 光栅的角度可以是θa = 360°-θb。 波导可以呈现各种配置，包括光纤，矩形波导和平面波导。 波导可以由各种材料制成，包括二氧化硅和聚合物材料。

公开(公告)号：US6072922A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-06

申请号：US100072

申请日：1998-06-19

申请人： Sacharia Albin ,  Jianli Zheng ,  Arnel Lavarias

发明人： Sacharia Albin ,  Jianli Zheng ,  Arnel Lavarias

IPC分类号： G01K11/32 ,  G01K13/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/24 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G01K13/006 ,  G01K11/32 ,  G02B6/02104 ,  G02B6/02033 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/241

摘要： Because the thermal expansion coefficient ("TEC") of glass is small-to-negligible at low temperatures, traditional fiber Bragg grating ("FBG") sensors and long period grating ("LPG") sensors are not adequately sensitive to accurately measure cryogenic temperature changes. However, as demonstrated herein, the integration of a coating around an optical fiber (the coating having a TEC that is greater than that of the fiber alone) can allow the induction of additional thermal strain in the fiber. In this light, a new sensor for cryogenic temperature measurement has been invented that mechanically amplifies temperature transduction within fiber grating sensors. The invention has the benefit of being useful for measuring non-cryogenic temperature changes as well. The thickness of the coating can be optimized.

摘要翻译： 由于传统的光纤布拉格光栅（“FBG”）传感器和长周期光栅传感器（“LPG”）传感器对玻璃的热膨胀系数（“TEC”）在低温下可以忽略不计，因此传感器对于精确测量低温 温度变化。 然而，如本文所证明的，涂层围绕光纤（具有大于单独纤维的TEC的涂层）的整合可以允许在纤维中诱导额外的热应变。 在这方面，已经发明了用于低温测量的新传感器，其机械地放大光纤光栅传感器内的温度转换。 本发明也有益于测量非低温温度变化。 可以优化涂层的厚度。