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公开(公告)号：US5455876A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US274313
申请日：1994-07-13
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer , Yosef Shani
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer , Yosef Shani
CPC classification number: G02B6/12004 , G02F1/0356 , G02F1/2255 , G02F2201/07 , G02F2201/127
Abstract: An improved high-speed external optical modulator, modulated by RF waves, which velocity matches the RF waves with the optical waves is disclosed. The apparatus includes a lithium niobate substrate on which is formed an optical waveguide, electrically floating electrodes, a low dielectric buffer layer and electrodes carrying the modulating RF energy. At least one floating electrode may comprise a series of spaced electrode segments for enhanced performance at high frequencies.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种由RF波调制的改进的高速外部光学调制器，其速度与RF波与光波匹配。 该装置包括铌酸锂基板，其上形成有光波导，电浮动电极，低介电缓冲层和承载调制RF能量的电极。 至少一个浮动电极可以包括一系列间隔开的电极段，用于在高频下增强性能。
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公开(公告)号：US4438415A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-20
申请号：US343737
申请日：1982-01-29
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
IPC: H01P1/22
CPC classification number: H01P1/227
Abstract: A digitally programmable attenuator for high speed and a large dynamic range is constructed with a phase-controlled attenuator for small steps of attenuation and an attenuator of switched resistive pads for larger steps. The attenuators are connected in tandem and actuated combinatorially with the phase-controlled attenuator being switched into operation for the small steps, and the resistive pads being switched into operation for the large steps. A phase-controlled attenuator is constructed to permit adjustment of the attenuator characteristic, and a switched-pad attenuator is constructed to be phase shiftless.
Abstract translation: 用于高速和大动态范围的数字可编程衰减器由相位控制的衰减器构成，用于小步长衰减，并且用于较大步长的开关电阻垫的衰减器。 衰减器串联连接并组合启动，相位控制的衰减器被切换到小步骤的操作中，并且电阻焊盘被切换成大步骤的操作。 相位控制的衰减器被构造为允许调节衰减器特性，并且开关式衰减器被构造为相位偏移。
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公开(公告)号：US4288763A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US76768
申请日：1979-09-18
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
Abstract: This invention relates to an analog phase shifter for radio frequency signals that employs a hybrid coupler and biased varactor diodes at its reflection terminals. The diodes are operated so that the normalized reactance is unity (equals the coupler's input impedance) at an intermediate frequency which may be the geometric mean of the end frequencies of a broad bandwidth. The couplers are cascaded in tandem for a 360.degree. phase shift. A balanced configuration of hybrid couplers is used for the phase shifter.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于射频信号的模拟移相器，其在其反射端使用混合耦合器和偏置的变容二极管。 操作二极管使得在中间频率处的归一化电抗为单位（等于耦合器的输入阻抗），其可以是宽带宽的最终频率的几何平均值。 耦合器串联串联360°相移。 混合耦合器的平衡配置用于移相器。
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公开(公告)号：US4009456A
公开(公告)日：1977-02-22
申请号：US323856
申请日：1973-01-15
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
Abstract: A broadband microwave attenuator is formed by connecting a plurality of PIN diodes in a modified Tee network. Four semiconductor chips of PIN diode material are arranged in a flat layer sandwiched between conductors to form a strip-line configuration of a TEM transmission line, whereby the diodes are part of the line. This strip-line construction is used with outer diodes connected in series circuit relation between input and output terminals, and inner diodes in shunt relation to ground to form the Tee network. The diodes are constructed as silicon chips and are mounted in very close relation with a substantially uniform conductive strip forming the series-circuit connection between the central diodes.
Abstract translation: 通过在修改的Tee网络中连接多个PIN二极管来形成宽带微波衰减器。 PIN二极管材料的四个半导体芯片布置在夹在导体之间的平坦层中以形成TEM传输线的带状配置，由此二极管是线的一部分。 这种带状线结构用于输入和输出端子之间串联电路连接的外部二极管和与地面分流关系的内部二极管以形成T形网络。 二极管被构造为硅芯片，并且与形成中央二极管之间的串联电路连接的基本上均匀的导电条非常紧密地安装。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US3931573A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-06
申请号：US250582
申请日：1972-05-05
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
CPC classification number: G01R5/26 , G01R29/0878
Abstract: A detection device for electromagnetic radiation uses strips of thin resistive films connected in electrically conductive paths with the area of spacing between adjacent ones of the strips being greater than the area of the strips to achieve an impedance which is largely resistive over a broad band of radio frequencies. The strips are mounted in dielectric material and exposed to free space radiation. A radiation hazard meter is produced with thermally sinked thermocouple elements forming the resistive strips.
Abstract translation: 用于电磁辐射的检测装置使用连接在导电路径中的薄电阻膜条，其中相邻条带之间的间隔面积大于带的面积，以实现在宽带无线电 频率 条带安装在电介质材料中并暴露于自由空间辐射。 制造辐射危险度表，其具有形成电阻带的热沉热电偶元件。
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公开(公告)号：US5339369A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-16
申请号：US965191
申请日：1992-10-23
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer , Yosef Shani
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer , Yosef Shani
CPC classification number: G02B6/12004 , G02F1/0356 , G02F1/2255 , G02F2201/07 , G02F2201/127
Abstract: An improved high-speed external optical modulator, modulated by RF waves, which velocity matches the RF waves with the optical waves is disclosed. The apparatus includes a lithium niobate substrate on which is formed an optical waveguide, electrically floating electrodes, a low dielectric buffer layer and electrodes carrying the modulating RF energy.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种由RF波调制的改进的高速外部光学调制器，其速度与RF波与光波匹配。 该装置包括铌酸锂基板，其上形成有光波导，电浮动电极，低介电缓冲层和承载调制RF能量的电极。
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公开(公告)号：US4392108A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-05
申请号：US143365
申请日：1980-04-24
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
CPC classification number: G01R29/0878
Abstract: A radiation detector for free space microwave radiation uses thin film resistive strips, having an equivalent surface resistivity that is large compared to the characteristic impedance of free space, and diode circuits in series with the strips for deriving d-c signals monitoring the radiation intensity over a broad frequency range. In part of that range, the strips operate like a short dipole antenna. The diode circuits are constructed to operate with a uniform response over the entire frequency range.
Abstract translation: 用于自由空间微波辐射的辐射检测器使用薄膜电阻条，其具有与自由空间的特征阻抗相比大的等效表面电阻率，以及与用于导出直接信号的条带串联的二极管电路，其监测宽泛的辐射强度 频率范围。 在该范围的一部分，条带像短的偶极天线一样工作。 二极管电路被构造成在整个频率范围内以均匀的响应运行。
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公开(公告)号：US4288761A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US76767
申请日：1979-09-18
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
IPC: H01P5/18
CPC classification number: H01P5/187
Abstract: A microstrip hybrid coupler uses a ground plane having different surfaces, one that is close and coupled to the terminal portions of the microstrip and the others further from and coupled to the coupled microstrip portions. Two shields extend over the coupled microstrip portions; an intermediate shield between the remote ground plane surface and the coupled microstrip portions and an outer shield. The coupled microstrip portions extend over the terminal surface of the ground plane.
Abstract translation: 微带混合耦合器使用具有不同表面的接地平面，其接近平面，并且耦合到微带的端子部分，并且其它表面进一步耦合到耦合的微带部分。 两个屏蔽件在耦合的微带部分上延伸; 远程接地平面和耦合微带部分之间的中间屏蔽和外屏蔽。 耦合的微带部分在接地平面的终端表面上延伸。
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公开(公告)号：US4207518A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-10
申请号：US883632
申请日：1978-03-06
Applicant: Samuel Hopfer
Inventor： Samuel Hopfer
CPC classification number: G01R29/0878
Abstract: A radiation detector for free space microwave radiation uses thin film resistive strips, having an equivalent surface resistivity that is large compared to the characteristic impedance of free space, and diode circuits in series with the strips for deriving signals monitoring the radiation intensity over a broad frequency range. The diode circuits are constructed to operate with a uniform response over that frequency range.
Abstract translation: 用于自由空间微波辐射的辐射检测器使用薄膜电阻条，其具有与自由空间的特征阻抗相比大的等效表面电阻率，以及与用于导出在宽频率上监测辐射强度的信号的条带串联的二极管电路 范围。 二极管电路被构造成在该频率范围内以均匀的响应进行操作。
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