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公开(公告)号：US5700897A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-23
申请号：US453442
申请日：1995-05-30
CPC分类号： C09K11/06 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/7703 , G01N33/552 , G01N2021/6432 , G01N2021/6484 , G01N2021/772 , G01N21/81 , Y10T428/31645 , Y10T428/31855
摘要： A fiber optic sensing device for measuring a chemical or physiological parameter of a body fluid or tissue is provided. To one end of the fiber is attached a polymer including a plurality of photoactive moieties selected from the group consisting of chromophores and lumophores, the photoactive moieties spaced apart so as to minimize chemical or physical interaction therebetween while optimizing the density of photoactive moieties. In one embodiment, a polymer chain is covalently bound to photoactive moieties through functional groups such as esters, amides, or the like. In a second embodiment, a polymer chain is inherently fluorescent and is formed from at least one monomeric unit. These devices are particularly useful as pH and oxygen sensors.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于测量体液或组织的化学或生理参数的光纤感测装置。 纤维的一端连接聚合物，该聚合物包括选自发色团和间隙基团的多个光活性部分，间隔开的光活性部分，以使其间的化学或物理相互作用最小化，同时优化光活性部分的密度。 在一个实施方案中，聚合物链通过官能团如酯，酰胺等与光活性部分共价结合。 在第二个实施方案中，聚合物链固有地是荧光的并且由至少一个单体单元形成。 这些装置特别适用于pH和氧传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US5405583A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US22140
申请日：1993-02-25
CPC分类号： G01N21/783 , G01N33/004 , Y10T436/205831
摘要： A solid state optical sensor for CO has a sensing material which includes a molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium color forming agent; a palladium, ruthenium or osmium catalyst; and an iron, chromium or cesium reversing agent. A redox property modifier and/or an interference suppressing agent may also be included. The chemistry is contained in a polymer embedding matrix, with permeation enhancer, if required. Solubility of the chemistry in the polymer matrix is enhanced by lipophilic counterions. The matrix with embedded sensing chemistry is coated on an optical substrate to form an optical transducer.
摘要翻译： 一种用于CO的固态光学传感器具有包括钼，钨或钒成色剂的感测材料; 钯，钌或锇催化剂; 和铁，铬或铯逆转剂。 还可以包括氧化还原性质改性剂和/或干扰抑制剂。 如果需要，化学物质包含在聚合物包埋基质中，并具有渗透促进剂。 化学在聚合物基质中的溶解度通过亲脂性抗衡离子增强。 具有嵌入式感测化学的矩阵涂覆在光学基底上以形成光学传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US5302350A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-12
申请号：US9066
申请日：1993-01-26
CPC分类号： G01N21/783 , G01N33/004 , Y10T436/205831
摘要： A molybdenum salt-palladium salt solution for CO detection is made reversible by addition of ferric ion. The system is made more CO specific by adding an interference control salt which forms white or colorless precipitates with interfering species. The operational and shelf life are extended by a mixture of counterions; the acetate counterion is particularly useful.
摘要翻译： 用于CO检测的钼盐 - 钯盐溶液通过加入三价铁离子而可逆。 通过加入干扰物质形成白色或无色沉淀物的干扰控制盐，使系统更加CO特异性。 操作和保质期通过混合的反离子扩展; 乙酸盐抗衡离子特别有用。
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公开(公告)号：US5457056A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US88193
申请日：1993-07-06
CPC分类号： G01N31/22 , G01N21/78 , Y10T436/17 , Y10T436/173845 , Y10T436/196666
摘要： A base modifier is added to a pyridine/base reagent composition to improve the ability to detect halogenated hydrocarbons like TCE and chloroform. The base modifier is an organic base which facilitates formation of a stable final reaction product. New bases are also combined with pyridine.
摘要翻译： 将碱改性剂加入到吡啶/碱试剂组合物中以提高检测卤代烃如TCE和氯仿的能力。 碱改性剂是促进形成稳定的最终反应产物的有机碱。 新碱也与吡啶结合。
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公开(公告)号：US5358875A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US82248
申请日：1993-06-25
CPC分类号： G01N21/78 , G01N31/22 , Y10S436/902 , Y10T436/19
摘要： A sensing chemistry for halogenated hydrocarbons includes pyridine or a pyridine derivative and a strong organic alkoxide base. The sensing chemistry may be in a nonaqueous organic solvent or in a solid state matrix. The base reacts with the halohydrocarbon to produce a carbene intermediate reaction product, which in the absence of water preferentially reacts with the pyridine to form a colored and/or fluorescent product.
摘要翻译： 用于卤代烃的感测化学品包括吡啶或吡啶衍生物和强有机醇盐碱。 感测化学可以在非水有机溶剂中或在固态基质中。 碱与卤代烃反应以产生卡宾中间体反应产物，其在不存在水的情况下优选与吡啶反应以形成有色和/或荧光产物。
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公开(公告)号：US5891658A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-06
申请号：US671378
申请日：1996-06-27
IPC分类号： G01N33/543 , G01N33/53 , G01N33/552
CPC分类号： G01N33/54386 , G01N33/54373 , Y10S435/808 , Y10S436/805
摘要： Simplicity, sensitivity and versatility of optical sensors based on competitive immunoassays using antibody-antigen reactions are achieved by solid-state, single-step reactions which permit accurate sensitive qualitative and quantitative information to be obtained without human participation. All of the chemistry-biochemistry is an inherent part of the sensor. A direct reaction occurs when the sample (antigen) is brought in contact with the sensor. The sensitivity of the competitive immunoassay optical sensor is controlled and increased by selecting a tag for the antigen or altering the attachment of a tag to an antigen so that the binding of tagged antigen to an antibody is decreased relative to the binding of untagged antigen to the antibody. The user can vary size, molecular weight and geometric configuration of the tagged antigen. This can be accomplished by selecting the proper tag or by attaching the indicator material to the antigen through a spacer or by attaching the tag directly to the antigen and attaching a compound of proper molecular weight and size elsewhere. Pretreatment of the substrate to which the antibody-bound tagged antigen is immobilized to block the surface from unwanted interferences and the use of optical isolation increases sensitivity. If the tag cannot be attached to the antigen, it is attached to the antibody. Attaching the controlled size, molecular weight tag to either the antigen or antibody permits the analysis of species not normally measureable by competitive immunoassay, thus increasing the versatility of the method.
摘要翻译： 基于使用抗体 - 抗原反应的竞争性免疫测定法的光学传感器的简单性，灵敏度和通用性通过固态单步反应实现，其允许在没有人参与的情况下获得准确的敏感性定性和定量信息。 所有的化学生物化学是传感器的固有部分。 当样品（抗原）与传感器接触时，会发生直接反应。 竞争性免疫测定光学传感器的灵敏度通过选择抗原标签或改变标签对抗原的附着来控制和增加，使得标记的抗原与抗体的结合相对于未标记的抗原与 抗体。 用户可以改变标记抗原的大小，分子量和几何构型。 这可以通过选择适当的标签或通过间隔物将指示剂材料附着到抗原上或通过将标签直接附着在抗原上并将其它地方具有合适的分子量和大小的化合物来实现。 固定有抗体结合标记的抗原的底物的预处理以阻止表面免受不想要的干扰，并且使用光学隔离增加灵敏度。 如果标签不能连接到抗原上，则其与抗体连接。 将受控大小的分子量标签附加到抗原或抗体上允许通过竞争性免疫测定通常不能测量的物种的分析，从而增加该方法的通用性。
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公开(公告)号：US5346671A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-13
申请号：US22324
申请日：1993-02-25
CPC分类号： G01N21/783 , G01N33/004 , Y10T436/205831
摘要： A molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium salt-palladium, ruthenium or osmium salt solution for CO detection is made reversible by addition of ferric, chromium (VI) or cerium (IV) ion. The system is made more CO specific by adding an interference control salt which forms white or colorless precipitates with interfering species. The operational and shelf life are extended by a mixture of counterions; the acetate counterion is particularly useful.
摘要翻译： 用于CO检测的钼，钨或钒盐 - 钯，钌或锇盐溶液通过加入三价铁，铬（VI）或铈（IV）离子而可逆。 通过加入干扰物质形成白色或无色沉淀物的干扰控制盐，使系统更加CO特异性。 操作和保质期通过混合的反离子扩展; 乙酸盐抗衡离子特别有用。
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公开(公告)号：US5116759A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-26
申请号：US544681
申请日：1990-06-27
CPC分类号： G01N21/253 , G01N21/75 , G01N2021/0193 , G01N2021/0325 , G01N2021/0385 , G01N2021/1738 , G01N21/77 , G01N21/80 , G01N2201/024 , G01N2201/0415 , Y10S436/811 , Y10T436/17 , Y10T436/172307 , Y10T436/18 , Y10T436/19 , Y10T436/206664 , Y10T436/212
摘要： Single or multi-cell reservoir sensors with single illumination sources and one or more detectors per cell unit have an arrangement whereby a gaseous, vapor or liquid sample enters the cell body and interacts with a sensing solution to detect and quantify a given species. Entrance of the sample into the sensor is through an opening in the cell body which may be covered with a membrane to contain the sensing reagent and to presort the species entering the cell. Reservoir cells can be used with organic, inorganic or biochemical sensing materials. A variety of sensors as alcohol, drugs of abuse, organic halides, cyanide and inorganic ions are provided.
摘要翻译： 具有单个照明源和每个单元单元的一个或多个检测器的单池或多池容器传感器具有这样的布置，其中气体，蒸气或液体样品进入细胞体并与感测溶液相互作用以检测和定量给定物种。 样品进入传感器的入口通过细胞体中的开口，其可以用膜覆盖以容纳感测试剂并且预先分解进入细胞的物质。 储层细胞可用于有机，无机或生化传感材料。 提供各种传感器作为酒精，滥用药物，有机卤化物，氰化物和无机离子。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4913519A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US164172
申请日：1988-03-04
CPC分类号： G01N21/431 , C03C13/008 , G02B6/02
摘要： An ice sensor for the remote rapid indication of ice formation or the presence of ice is a fiber optic "switch", activated by ice but not by water, and based on the difference in optical properties between water and ice. The approach is to construct a "fiber optic" which itself is the ice sensor. The fiber optic sensor (FOS) is designed so that no light is transmitted when water is present but as soon as ice begins to form, light is relayed. Thus ice switches on the light- In addition, limited quantitative information can be made available on the rate of ice formation. Alternatively the sensor can be formed of another type optical waveguide instead of an optical fiber. The ice sensor is formed by placing spaced stripes of a clad material on a fiber optic core, or other waveguide structure, where the clad has a refractive index close to ice and the core has an index greater than the clad but less than water. It is best to index match the core to the clad for optimal transmission when ice forms in the gaps between the clad stripes. The advantages of the ice sensor include: specific, sensitive, real-time response, small, light weight, inexpensive, requires no line-of-sight, EMI immune, rugged and flexible. The instrumentation needed to operate the ice FOS is simple, small, light weight, inexpensive, easy to operate, battery powered - optional, rugged, reliable and amenable to telemetry of information.
摘要翻译： 用于远程快速指示冰层或存在冰的冰传感器是由冰而不是水激活的光纤“开关”，并且基于水和冰之间的光学性质的差异。 该方法是构造一个本身是冰传感器的“光纤”。 光纤传感器（FOS）被设计成当存在水时不发射光，但一旦冰开始形成，光被中继。 因此，在冰上开启冰。此外，可以根据冰的形成速率提供有限的定量信息。 或者，传感器可以由另一种类型的光波导代替光纤形成。 冰传感器通过将包覆材料的间隔条纹放置在光纤芯或其它波导结构上而形成，其中包层的折射率接近于冰，并且芯的折射率大于包层但小于水。 当包层条纹之间的间隙中形成冰时，最好将核心与包层匹配，以获得最佳传播。 冰传感器的优点包括：具体，灵敏，实时响应小，重量轻，价格便宜，无需视距，EMI免疫，坚固耐用，灵活。 操作冰FOS所需的仪器简单，体积小，重量轻，价格低廉，易于操作，电池供电 - 可选，坚固耐用，可靠，易于遥测信息。
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公开(公告)号：US4846548A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-11
申请号：US46986
申请日：1987-05-06
申请人： Stanley M. Klainer
发明人： Stanley M. Klainer
IPC分类号： G01N21/43 , A61B5/00 , G01D5/26 , G01N21/77 , G01N33/53 , G01N33/543 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/036
CPC分类号： G01N33/5308 , A61B5/1459 , G01D5/268 , G01N21/7703 , G01N33/5302 , G02B6/02 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1486 , G01N2021/6434 , G01N2021/7716 , G01N21/431 , G01N21/648 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic element is used to detect the presence of chemical or biological species by measuring changes in the total internal reflection characteristics of the element produced by changes in the index of refraction of a clad or layer of a material which reacts with the chemical or biological species.
摘要翻译： 光纤元件用于通过测量通过与化学或生物反应的材料的包层或层的折射率的变化产生的元件的全内反射特性的变化来检测化学或生物物种的存在 种类。
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