公开(公告)号：US4204974A

公开(公告)日：1980-05-27

申请号：US850369

申请日：1977-11-10

申请人： Anwer Puthawala ,  Lutz Hoffmann ,  Hermann Emmert ,  Werner Hild ,  Hans-Erich John ,  Wolfgang Kluger

发明人： Anwer Puthawala ,  Lutz Hoffmann ,  Hermann Emmert ,  Werner Hild ,  Hans-Erich John ,  Wolfgang Kluger

IPC分类号： G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/08 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/34

CPC分类号： G21F9/08 ,  G21F9/008 ,  G21F9/307

摘要： Method and apparatus for encapsulating radioactive plastic wastes, particularly radioactively contaminated ion exchange filter material containing water, in bituminous solidification substances, by drying the radioactive waste separate and apart from the bituminous substance, introducing regulated amounts of dry radioactive waste into the bituminous substance and kneading the mixture at a temperature of 120.degree. C. or lower to encapsulate the dry radioactive waste by the mechanical action of the kneading, and pouring the kneaded, encapsulated radioactive plastic waste into a container. Undesired decomposition with discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere are avoided.

摘要翻译： 将放射性塑料废物，特别是放射性污染的含水离子交换过滤材料包裹在沥青固化物质中的方法和装置，通过将放射性废物与沥青物质分开干燥，将规定量的干放射性废物引入沥青物质和揉捏 混合物在120℃或更低的温度下通过捏合的机械作用包封干燥的放射性废物，并将捏合的包封的放射性塑料废物倒入容器中。 避免了污染物排放到大气中的不希望的分解。

公开(公告)号：US4144186A

公开(公告)日：1979-03-13

申请号：US775288

申请日：1977-03-07

申请人： Stefan Drobnik ,  Werner Hild ,  Friedrich Kaufmann ,  Herbert Koschorke

发明人： Stefan Drobnik ,  Werner Hild ,  Friedrich Kaufmann ,  Herbert Koschorke

IPC分类号： C02F1/58 ,  B09B5/00 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/06 ,  G21F9/14 ,  G21F9/16 ,  G21F9/30

CPC分类号： G21F9/14 ,  G21F9/305

摘要： A method for processing aqueous radioactive wastes for noncontaminating and safe handling, transport and final storage wherein nitric acid and/or nitrate containing aqueous radioactive waste solutions are continuously denitrated with formic acid, spray-dried and calcinated in a spray dryer having a spray nozzle surrounded by a reaction chamber, the resulting calcinate is mixed with glass former substances, the mixture is melted and the melt is caused to solidify into a glass, glass ceramic or glass ceramic-like block and the waste gases produced during denitration-drying and calcination are conducted through a filter system in order to remove solid particles that have been carried along by the gas. The process steps of denitration, drying and calcination are effected simultaneously and are terminated with the aid of and the intimate energy exchange in the fine distribute droplets superheated steam in the vicinity of the spray nozzle. The resulting waste gases are cleaned within a filter chamber surrounding the reaction chamber with the spray nozzle. An apparatus is provided for practicing the method.

摘要翻译： 一种用于处理用于不污染和安全处理，运输和最终储存的含水放射性废物的方法，其中将硝酸和/或硝酸盐含有放射性废水的含水溶液用甲酸连续硝酸，喷雾干燥并在喷雾干燥器中煅烧，所述喷雾干燥器包括喷雾喷嘴 通过反应室，将所得的煅烧物与玻璃形成物混合，将混合物熔化并使熔体固化成玻璃，玻璃陶瓷或玻璃陶瓷状嵌段，并且在脱硝干燥和煅烧期间产生的废气为 通过过滤系统进行传导，以便去除已被气体携带的固体颗粒。 脱硝，干燥和煅烧的过程步骤同时进行，并借助于喷雾嘴附近的细分散液滴过热蒸汽中的紧密能量交换终止。 所产生的废气在具有喷嘴的反应室周围的过滤室内被清洁。 提供了一种用于实施该方法的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4131563A

公开(公告)日：1978-12-26

申请号：US717552

申请日：1976-08-25

申请人： Werner Bahr ,  Stefan Drobnik ,  Werner Hild ,  Reinhard Kroebel ,  Alfred Meyer ,  Gunter Naumann

发明人： Werner Bahr ,  Stefan Drobnik ,  Werner Hild ,  Reinhard Kroebel ,  Alfred Meyer ,  Gunter Naumann

IPC分类号： G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/34

CPC分类号： G21F9/307

摘要： A process of preparing substantially solid wastes containing radioactive or toxic substances for safe, non-pollutive handling, transportation and permanent storage, wherein the wastes are mixed with polymerizable mixtures consisting essentially of monovinyl and polyvinyl compounds and polymerization catalysts, and are converted by polymerization into solid blocks.

摘要翻译： 制备基本上含有放射性或有毒物质的固体废物的方法，用于安全，无污染的处理，运输和永久储存，其中废物与主要由单乙烯基和聚乙烯基化合物和聚合催化剂组成的可聚合混合物混合，并通过聚合转化为 固体块。

公开(公告)号：US4148745A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-10

申请号：US846257

申请日：1977-10-27

申请人： Gunter Rudolph ,  Werner Hild

发明人： Gunter Rudolph ,  Werner Hild

IPC分类号： C08K5/521 ,  G21F9/16 ,  G21F9/20 ,  G21F9/36

CPC分类号： G21F9/167 ,  C08K5/52 ,  C08K5/521

摘要： Admixtures of radioactive material contaminated phosphoric acid ester and polyvinyl chloride from essentially nonvolatile masses which do not flow.

摘要翻译： 从不流动的基本上不挥发的物质中掺入放射性物质的磷酸酯和聚氯乙烯的混合物。

公开(公告)号：US4097401A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-27

申请号：US627310

申请日：1975-10-30

申请人： Walter Guber ,  Jaroslav Saidl ,  Paul Daruschy ,  Werner Hild

发明人： Walter Guber ,  Jaroslav Saidl ,  Paul Daruschy ,  Werner Hild

IPC分类号： C03C10/00 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/16 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/34

CPC分类号： C03C10/0036 ,  G21F9/305

摘要： Highly radioactive liquid wastes are permanently stored in a solidification matrix containing the components of a known borosilicate glass together with nucleation agents selected from the group consisting of oxides of Li, K, Mg, Mo and Cr, fluorides of those metals and of Al, and pure noble metals in the elemental form with particles with sizes smaller than 0.1 .mu.m in diameter, and up to 35% by weight of waste fission and corrosion products or waste fission and corrosion products and gadolinium oxide. The product is produced by denitrating and calcining the radioactive waste solution, melting the calcined waste product together with a borosilicate frit containing nucleation agents at a temperature of between 1,050.degree. and 1,200.degree. C, and maintaining it in its melted state for 3 to 5 hours, subsequently cooling the resulting mixture until to a given temperature and maintaining it at this temperature for a given time period to permit nucleation to occur, then elevating the temperature of the mixture with an constant heating rate until to a given higher temperature, maintaining it at this higher temperature for about 24 hours, and finally cooling it with a constant cooling rate to ambient temperature.

摘要翻译： 将高放射性液体废物永久地储存在含有已知硼硅酸盐玻璃的组分的固化基质中，以及选自Li，K，Mg，Mo和Cr的氧化物，这些金属和Al的氟化物和Al的成核剂，以及 元素形式的纯贵金属，直径小于0.1μm的颗粒，以及高达35％重量的废物裂变和腐蚀产物或废物裂变和腐蚀产物和氧化钆。 该产品通过脱硝和煅烧放射性废物溶液，将煅烧废弃物与含有成核剂的硼硅酸盐玻璃料在1050至1200℃之间的温度下熔化，并将其保持在其熔融状态3至5小时 ，随后将所得混合物冷却至一定温度，并将其在该温度下保持给定时间以允许发生成核，然后以恒定的加热速率将混合物的温度升高至给定的较高温度，将其保持在 这种较高的温度约24小时，最后以恒定的冷却速率冷却至环境温度。

公开(公告)号：US3971717A

公开(公告)日：1976-07-27

申请号：US580962

申请日：1975-05-27

申请人： Werner Hild ,  Helmut Krause ,  Knut Scheffler ,  Hans Gusten ,  Ernst Gilbert ,  Rainer Koster

发明人： Werner Hild ,  Helmut Krause ,  Knut Scheffler ,  Hans Gusten ,  Ernst Gilbert ,  Rainer Koster

IPC分类号： C02F1/30 ,  C02F1/72 ,  G21F9/28 ,  B01J1/10

CPC分类号： G21F9/28 ,  C02F1/30 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F2101/006

摘要： Solid radioactive waste is incorporated in glass, ceramic or basaltic blocks which are conditioned in waste waters or sludges prior to placement in ultimate storage. The conditioning has the dual benefit of reducing the radioactivity of the radioactive waste and of purifying the waste water or of purifying and facilitating the filterability of the sludge. Such purifying is enhanced by concurrent treatment with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and/or with a substance which is readily reduced to radicals.

摘要翻译： 固体放射性废物被并入玻璃，陶瓷或玄武岩块体中，在放置在最终储存之前在废水或污泥中调理。 调理具有减少放射性废物的放射性和净化废水或净化和促进污泥的过滤性的双重优点。 通过用氧气或含氧气体和/或易于还原成自由基的物质同时处理来提高这种纯化。

公开(公告)号：US4009116A

公开(公告)日：1977-02-22

申请号：US534772

申请日：1974-12-20

申请人： Werner Bahr ,  Stefan Drobnik ,  Werner Hild ,  Reinhard Kroebel ,  Alfred Meyer ,  Gunter Naumann

发明人： Werner Bahr ,  Stefan Drobnik ,  Werner Hild ,  Reinhard Kroebel ,  Alfred Meyer ,  Gunter Naumann

IPC分类号： C02F1/00 ,  C08F2/44 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/16

CPC分类号： G21F9/167 ,  C08F2/44

摘要： A process of preparing substantially organic waste liquids containing radioactive or toxic substances for safe, non-pollutive handling, transportation and permanent storage, wherein the liquids are mixed with polymerizable mixtures consisting essentially of one or more monomeric monovinyl compounds and one or more polyvinyl compounds and polymerization catalysts, and the resulting mixtures are converted into solid blocks by polymerization at temperatures in the range of from 15.degree. to 150.degree. C.

摘要翻译： 一种制备含有放射性或有毒物质的基本上有机废液的方法，用于安全，无污染的处理，运输和永久储存，其中将液体与基本上由一种或多种单体单乙烯基化合物和一种或多种聚乙烯基化合物组成的可聚合混合物混合， 聚合催化剂，并且所得混合物通过在15℃至150℃的温度下聚合而转化为固体嵌段。