Abstract:
Disclosed are viologen derivatives as an electrochromic material having improved stability and lifetime, a metal oxide electrode including the same, and an electrochromic device using the viologen derivative as an electrochromic material. The viologen derivative includes a suitable regulator group capable of increasing ΔE that is a potential difference between E1 (potential at the first redox reaction) and E2 (potential at the second redox reaction). When ΔE increases, the mole fraction of viologen molecules present in the second reduction state decreases. Therefore, it is possible to lower the mole fraction of viologen molecules present in an irreversibly reduced state at an applied potential, thereby increasing the lifetime of an electrochromic material and an electrochromic device.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a real-time data transmission method, and more particularly to a real-time data transmission method using a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) in which a frequency channel, which causes no interference in real-time data transmission, is found to transmit data. In this method, when data is transmitted in real time through a setting channel, a channel in good state is acquired after a setting time through comparison with a test channel and, to prepare for interference that may occur during data transmission, the setting channel is previously changed to another channel before interference occurs, so that real-time data is transmitted while maintaining the continuity of data transmission, thereby minimizing data loss.
Abstract:
Disclosed are viologen derivatives as an electrochromic material having improved stability and lifetime, a metal oxide electrode including the same, and an electrochromic device using the viologen derivative as an electrochromic material. The viologen derivative includes a suitable regulator group capable of increasing ΔE that is a potential difference between E1 (potential at the first redox reaction) and E2 (potential at the second redox reaction). When ΔE increases, the mole fraction of viologen molecules present in the second reduction state decreases. Therefore, it is possible to lower the mole fraction of viologen molecules present in an irreversibly reduced state at an applied potential, thereby increasing the lifetime of an electrochromic material and an electrochromic device.
Abstract:
A short distance wireless data transmission system and method which are capable of minimizing data loss are disclosed. The short distance wireless data transmission system can monitor variation amount of memory data, which is buffered in the master side when data transmission errors occur, can perform re-transmission of data having transmission errors, and can perform a change toward new replacement channel without interference if variation amount of memory data, which is buffered therein, exceeds a predetermined reference value to re-transmit from data in which the first transmission error occurs thereto, such that real time data cannot be lost, although a channel change is generated by successive channel interference.
Abstract:
The method of transmitting data in real time with low power via a wireless line in which channel status is searched to prevent data loss by transmitting and receiving retransmission a packet every time when there is an interference, and to minimize power consumption necessary for transmission and reception by transmitting and receiving the retransmission packet at a specific period when there is no interference. The method includes: transmitting real time packet data containing reply requesting information from a master to a slave; determining channel status by analyzing whether the master receives the reply packet and reply information; and adjusting the number of times of requesting the reply packet by selectively recording the reply requesting information contained in a control information field of the real time packet data according to the determined channel status. Power consumption due to the transmission and reception of the reply packet can then be reduced.