公开(公告)号：US20140257724A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US13791328

申请日：2013-03-08

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller

IPC: G01R31/36

CPC classification number: G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/361 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2220/30 ,  H02J7/0047

Abstract: A system for tracking the capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device is described. While the portable electronic device remains plugged in to a power adapter, the system estimates the capacity of the battery by performing the following operations. The system measures a first open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at a first state of charge. Next, the system causes the battery to transition to a second state of charge. While the battery transitions to the second state of charge, the system integrates a current through the battery to determine a net change in charge for the battery. Next, the system measures a second open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge. Finally, the system estimates a capacity for the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage, the second open-circuit voltage and the net change in charge. This capacity measurement is repeated and the multiple results are fit to a line. The slope of fitted line is then used to estimate how the true battery capacity has faded since last measured using traditional methods that require the battery to be rested at a low state of charge.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于跟踪便携式电子设备中的电池的容量的系统。 当便携式电子设备保持插入电源适配器时，系统通过执行以下操作来估计电池的容量。 当电池处于第一充电状态时，系统测量电池的第一开路电压。 接下来，系统使电池转换到第二充电状态。 当电池转换到第二充电状态时，系统将通过电池的电流进行积分，以确定电池的充电净变化。 接下来，当电池处于第二充电状态时，系统测量电池的第二开路电压。 最后，系统基于第一开路电压，第二开路电压和电荷的净变化来估计电池的容量。 重复此容量测量，并将多个结果适合于一条线。 然后，使用拟合线的斜率来估计最后使用要求电池在低电荷状态下休息的传统方法测量的真实电池容量是否褪色。

公开(公告)号：US20160087461A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-24

申请号：US14746665

申请日：2015-06-22

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  William C. Athas

IPC: H02J7/00

CPC classification number: H02J7/007 ,  G01P3/56 ,  G01P15/00 ,  H01M2/00 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/443 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2300/00 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H02J7/0042 ,  H02J7/0052 ,  H02J7/0072 ,  Y02E60/122 ,  Y02T10/7011

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that adaptively charges a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery which includes a transport-limiting electrode governed by diffusion, an electrolyte separator and a non-transport-limiting electrode. During operation, the system determines a lithium surface concentration at an interface between the transport-limiting electrode and the electrolyte separator based on a diffusion time for lithium in the transport-limiting electrode. Next, the system calculates a charging current or a charging voltage for the battery based on the determined lithium surface concentration. Finally, the system applies the charging current or the charging voltage to the battery.

公开(公告)号：US09128162B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-08

申请号：US13622852

申请日：2012-09-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: G01R31/36 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/0525

CPC classification number: G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/3634 ,  G01R31/3648 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  G01R31/3679 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/4285 ,  H01M10/48

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that estimates a state of charge for a battery. During operation, while the battery is relaxing toward a fully rested state, the system determines if a modified state of charge of the battery is substantially consistent with a predetermined decay pattern. If so, the system estimates the state of charge of the battery as a value of the modified state of charge determined at the time when the consistency is observed. Otherwise, the system continues monitoring the modified state of charge of the battery. In one embodiment, the predetermined decay pattern is a single exponential decay. After estimating the state of charge of the battery, the system may determine an uncertainty of the estimated state of charge. More specifically, the system can estimate the uncertainty as substantially equal to a fraction of the difference between the value of the modified state of charge and the value of the voltage-based state of charge at the time when the consistency is observed.

Abstract translation: 本发明的一些实施例提供一种估计电池的充电状态的系统。 在操作期间，当电池正在朝着完全静止状态放松时，系统确定电池的修改的充电状态是否与预定的衰减模式大致一致。 如果是这样，系统将电池的充电状态估计为在观察到一致性时确定的充电状态的值。 否则，系统继续监视电池的修改充电状态。 在一个实施例中，预定衰减模式是单指数衰减。 在估计电池的充电状态之后，系统可以确定估计的充电状态的不确定性。 更具体地，系统可以将不确定度估计为基本上等于修正充电状态的值与观察到一致性时的基于电压的充电状态的值之间的差的一小部分。

公开(公告)号：US20150236383A1

公开(公告)日：2015-08-20

申请号：US14184167

申请日：2014-02-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Nils E. Mattisson ,  Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H01M10/42

CPC classification number: H01M10/48 ,  G01R31/361 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  G01R31/3675 ,  H01M2010/4271 ,  H01M2220/30

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that manages use of a battery in a portable electronic device. During operation, the system obtains a voltage of the battery and a state-of-charge of the battery and calculates an effective C-rate of the battery using the voltage and the state-of-charge. Next, the system uses the effective C-rate to estimate an inaccessible capacity of the battery. Finally, the system manages use of the battery with the portable electronic device based on the inaccessible capacity.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供一种管理便携式电子设备中的电池的使用的系统。 在操作期间，系统获得电池的电压和电池的充电状态，并且使用电压和充电状态来计算电池的有效C率。 接下来，系统使用有效的C速率来估计电池的不可接近的容量。 最后，该系统基于不可访问的容量来管理电池与便携式电子设备的使用。

公开(公告)号：US10044210B2

公开(公告)日：2018-08-07

申请号：US14746665

申请日：2015-06-22

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  William C. Athas

IPC: H02J7/00 ,  H02J7/14 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2/00 ,  G01P3/56 ,  G01P15/00

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that adaptively charges a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery which includes a transport-limiting electrode governed by diffusion, an electrolyte separator and a non-transport-limiting electrode. During operation, the system determines a lithium surface concentration at an interface between the transport-limiting electrode and the electrolyte separator based on a diffusion time for lithium in the transport-limiting electrode. Next, the system calculates a charging current or a charging voltage for the battery based on the determined lithium surface concentration. Finally, the system applies the charging current or the charging voltage to the battery.

公开(公告)号：US09559543B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-31

申请号：US13946577

申请日：2013-07-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H02J7/00 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/48

CPC classification number: H02J7/0091 ,  H01M10/425 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2010/4271 ,  H02J7/0077

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that manages use of a battery in a portable electronic device. During operation, the system obtains a voltage of the battery and a state-of-charge of the battery. Next, the system calculates an effective C-rate of the battery using the voltage and the state-of-charge. Finally, the system uses the effective C-rate to manage a charging process for the battery.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供一种管理便携式电子设备中的电池的使用的系统。 在操作期间，系统获得电池的电压和电池的充电状态。 接下来，系统使用电压和充电状态来计算电池的有效C率。 最后，系统使用有效的C速率来管理电池的充电过程。

公开(公告)号：US20170146605A1

公开(公告)日：2017-05-25

申请号：US15336398

申请日：2016-10-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller

IPC: G01R31/36 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H02J7/00

CPC classification number: G01R31/3842 ,  G01R31/367 ,  G01R31/3828 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2220/30 ,  H02J7/0047

Abstract: A system for tracking the capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device is described. While the portable electronic device remains plugged in to a power adapter, the system estimates the capacity of the battery by performing the following operations. The system measures a first open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at a first state of charge. Next, the system causes the battery to transition to a second state of charge. While the battery transitions to the second state of charge, the system integrates a current through the battery to determine a net change in charge for the battery. Next, the system measures a second open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge. Finally, the system estimates a capacity for the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage, the second open-circuit voltage and the net change in charge. This capacity measurement is repeated and the multiple results are fit to a line. The slope of fitted line is then used to estimate how the true battery capacity has faded since last measured using traditional methods that require the battery to be rested at a low state of charge.

公开(公告)号：US09594122B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-14

申请号：US14841095

申请日：2015-08-31

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: G01R31/36 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/0525

CPC classification number: G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/3634 ,  G01R31/3648 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  G01R31/3679 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/4285 ,  H01M10/48

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that estimates a state of charge for a battery. During operation, while the battery is relaxing toward a fully rested state, the system determines if a modified state of charge of the battery is substantially consistent with a predetermined decay pattern. If so, the system estimates the state of charge of the battery as a value of the modified state of charge determined at the time when the consistency is observed. Otherwise, the system continues monitoring the modified state of charge of the battery. In one embodiment, the predetermined decay pattern is a single exponential decay. After estimating the state of charge of the battery, the system may determine an uncertainty of the estimated state of charge. More specifically, the system can estimate the uncertainty as substantially equal to a fraction of the difference between the value of the modified state of charge and the value of the voltage-based state of charge at the time when the consistency is observed.

Abstract translation: 本发明的一些实施例提供一种估计电池的充电状态的系统。 在操作期间，当电池正在朝着完全静止状态放松时，系统确定电池的修改的充电状态是否与预定的衰减模式大致一致。 如果是这样，系统将电池的充电状态估计为在观察到一致性时确定的充电状态的值。 否则，系统继续监视电池的修改充电状态。 在一个实施例中，预定衰减模式是单指数衰减。 在估计电池的充电状态之后，系统可以确定估计的充电状态的不确定性。 更具体地，系统可以将不确定度估计为基本上等于修正充电状态的值与观察到一致性时的基于电压的充电状态的值之间的差的一小部分。

公开(公告)号：US09506987B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-29

申请号：US13791328

申请日：2013-03-08

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller

IPC: G01R31/36

CPC classification number: G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/361 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2220/30 ,  H02J7/0047

Abstract: A system for tracking the capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device is described. While plugged in-to a power adapter, the system measures a first open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at a first state of charge. Next, the system causes the battery to transition to a second state of charge. During the transition, the system integrates a current through the battery to determine a net change in charge. Next, the system measures a second open-circuit voltage while the battery rests at the second state of charge. Finally, the system estimates a capacity for the battery based on the first and second open-circuit voltages and the net change in charge. This capacity measurement is repeated and the multiple results are fitted to a line. The slope of fitted line is used to estimate how the battery capacity has faded since last measured using traditional techniques.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于跟踪便携式电子设备中的电池的容量的系统。 当插入电源适配器时，系统测量电池的第一个开路电压，而电池则处于第一个充电状态。 接下来，系统使电池转换到第二充电状态。 在过渡期间，系统集成了通过电池的电流，以确定电量的净变化。 接下来，当电池处于第二充电状态时，系统测量第二开路电压。 最后，系统基于第一和第二开路电压和电荷的净变化来估计电池的容量。 重复该容量测量，并将多个结果拟合到一条线上。 拟合线的斜率用于估计上次使用传统技术测量电池容量是否褪色。

公开(公告)号：US09455702B2

公开(公告)日：2016-09-27

申请号：US14547705

申请日：2014-11-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  William C. Athas ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Derek G. Pyne

IPC: H03K5/13 ,  H03K17/687 ,  H02M1/08 ,  H02M1/00 ,  H02M3/158

CPC classification number: H03K17/687 ,  H02M1/08 ,  H02M3/158 ,  H02M2001/0054 ,  Y02B70/1425 ,  Y02B70/1491

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a circuit for driving a capacitive load. The circuit includes a first inductor with an input terminal and a load terminal, wherein the load terminal is coupled to the capacitive load. The circuit also includes four or more switching devices. The switching devices may hold a voltage on the load terminal at zero volts. Next, the switching devices may charge the capacitive load through the first inductor until the voltage on the load terminal reaches a first input voltage supplied by a voltage source. The switching devices may then hold the voltage on the load terminal at the first input voltage. Finally, the switching devices may discharge the capacitive load through the first inductor until the voltage on the load terminal reaches zero volts.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供用于驱动电容性负载的电路。 电路包括具有输入端子和负载端子的第一电感器，其中负载端子耦合到电容性负载。 该电路还包括四个或更多个开关装置。 开关器件可以在负载端子上保持零伏特的电压。 接下来，开关器件可以通过第一电感器对容性负载充电，直到负载端子上的电压达到由电压源提供的第一输入电压。 然后，开关器件可以将负载端子上的电压保持在第一输入电压。 最后，开关器件可以通过第一电感放电容性负载，直到负载端子上的电压达到零伏。