公开(公告)号：US20120062249A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-15

申请号：US13301453

申请日：2011-11-21

Applicant: Adi Shamir

Inventor： Adi Shamir

IPC: G01R27/26 ,  G01R19/00 ,  G01R15/18

CPC classification number: G01R21/006 ,  G01R15/18 ,  G01R15/186 ,  G01R19/0092 ,  G01R19/2513 ,  G01R21/133 ,  G01R22/063 ,  H02J13/0006 ,  H02M3/1582

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for the measurement of a power factor at points of interest, such as circuit breakers, machines, and the like. Accordingly, means are provided for measurement of a power factor for each electrical sub-network that is controlled by a circuit breaker. Each apparatus is enabled to communicate its respective data, in an environment of a plurality of such apparatuses, to a management unit which is enabled to provide finer granularity power factor profiles.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于测量感兴趣点的功率因数（例如断路器，机器等）的装置和方法。 因此，提供了用于测量由断路器控制的每个电子网络的功率因数的装置。 每个装置能够在多个这样的装置的环境中将其各自的数据传送到能够提供更精细的粒度功率因数分布的管理单元。

公开(公告)号：US20100005533A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-07

申请号：US12374745

申请日：2007-07-30

Applicant: Adi Shamir

Inventor： Adi Shamir

IPC: G06F11/00 ,  G08B29/00

CPC classification number: G06K19/07363 ,  H04L9/003 ,  H04L2209/12 ,  H04L2209/805

Abstract: RFID tags were believed to be immune to power analysis since they have no direct connection to an external power supply. However, recent research has shown that they s are vulnerable to such attacks, since it is possible to measure their power consumption remotely via a completely passive attack. The method and apparatus of the invention protects RFID tags against simple and differential power attacks. The invention is particularly useful regarding inventory control systems or secure documents such as epassports. The basic technique is to use two capacitors embedded in the RFID tag in lo such a way that at any given time one of them is storing energy that is being generated by the charge pump of the tag that sucks energy from the electromagnetic or magnetic field of a tag reader, and the other one is discharging and powering the computational element of the tag chip.

Abstract translation: 据信RFID标签对功率分析是免疫的，因为它们不直接连接到外部电源。 然而，最近的研究表明，他们很容易受到这种攻击，因为可以通过完全被动的攻击远程测量其功耗。 本发明的方法和装置保护RFID标签免受简单和差异的电力攻击。 本发明对于库存控制系统或安全文件例如经济考察特别有用。 基本技术是使用嵌入在RFID标签中的两个电容器，使得在任何给定时间，其中一个存储由标签的电荷泵产生的能量，这些能量从电磁场或磁场吸收能量 标签读取器，另一个是对标签芯片的计算元件进行放电和供电。

公开(公告)号：US07057574B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-06

申请号：US10478234

申请日：2001-10-09

Applicant: Adi Shamir ,  Meir Gazit

Inventor： Adi Shamir ,  Meir Gazit

IPC: H01Q7/00

CPC classification number: H01Q7/005 ,  H01Q1/36 ,  H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q7/00

Abstract: A method for designing a high performance, small antenna that is matched to a required output impedance, does not require filtering, is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and is easily integrable with an RF power amplifier- with minimum cost, minimum external components and minimum energy losses. The method includes finding a singular point (102) in the impedance vs. antenna geometrical dimension/wavelength ratio graph, the singular point (102) exhibiting a high very high positive reactance, setting the antenna geometry to match this point, and canceling the very high positive reactance (high inductance) resulting from this match by adding to the antenna a very small capacitance, preferably provided by at least one gap capacitor (202) The antenna is preferably a loop antenna (200), and both the antenna and the gap capacitor (202) (204) are preferably implemented by printing methods on printed circuit board or ceramic substrates. The antenna (200) may also be implemented in non-differential designs.

Abstract translation: 用于设计与所需输出阻抗匹配的高性能小型天线的方法不需要滤波，制造简单且成本低廉，并且可以与RF功率放大器容易地集成 - 具有最小成本，最小外部元件和最小值 能源损失。 该方法包括在阻抗与天线几何尺寸/波长比图中找到奇异点（102），显示出非常高的正电抗高的奇异点（102），将天线几何形状设置为匹配该点，并且取消非常 通过向天线添加非常小的电容，优选由至少一个间隙电容器（202）提供，由该匹配产生的高正电抗（高电感）。天线优选地是环形天线（200），并且天线和间隙 电容器（202）（204）优选通过在印刷电路板或陶瓷基板上的印刷方法来实现。 天线（200）也可以以非差分设计来实现。

公开(公告)号：US06507913B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

申请号：US09475921

申请日：1999-12-30

Applicant: Adi Shamir

Inventor： Adi Shamir

IPC: H04L900

CPC classification number: G06K19/073 ,  G06F2207/7219

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protecting smart cards against simple and differential power attacks when they are inserted into card readers controlled by other entities. The technique is particularly useful in financial applications such as ATM cards, credit cards, and electronic wallets, in which cards have to be inserted into card readers which may be specifically manufactured or modified to perform undetectable measurements of the power supplied to the card during its normal operation. The basic technique is to use two capacitors embedded in the smart card in such a way that at any given time one of them is charged by the external power supply and the other one is discharged by powering the smart card chip. The roles of the two capacitors alternate rapidly, and the power supply is detached from the smart card chip in the sense that external power measurements do not reveal information about its internal operations.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在将智能卡插入由其他实体控制的读卡器中时，保护智能卡免受简单和差异电源攻击的方法和装置。 该技术在诸如ATM卡，信用卡和电子钱包的金融应用中特别有用，其中卡必须被插入读卡器中，读卡器可以被特别地制造或修改，以便在其卡片期间提供给卡的功率进行不可检测的测量 普通手术。 基本技术是使用嵌入在智能卡中的两个电容器，使得在任何给定的时间，其中一个电容器由外部电源充电，另一个通过为智能卡芯片供电来放电。 两个电容器的作用迅速交替，并且电源与智能卡芯片分离，这意味着外部功率测量不会显示有关其内部操作的信息。

公开(公告)号：US6044464A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-28

申请号：US74415

申请日：1998-05-08

Applicant: Adi Shamir

Inventor： Adi Shamir

IPC: G06F21/00 ,  H04L9/08 ,  H04L9/00

CPC classification number: H04N21/6334 ,  G06F21/10 ,  H04L9/0891 ,  G06F2221/0737 ,  H04L2209/601

Abstract: A well-known technique to discourage piracy of digital objects is to fingerprint the version each customer receives. The invention provides a novel way of fingerprinting the decryption functions given by broadcasters to their customers (usually in the form of smart cards). The main difficulty is to ensure that all the algorithms provided by the broadcaster implement the same decryption function, and yet to make it computationally difficult for a pirate who obtains a large number of such implementations to find even one fundamentally different implementation which is not traceable to a particular customer.

Abstract translation: 防止数字对象盗版的众所周知的技术是指纹每个客户收到的版本。 本发明提供了一种将广播者给出的解密功能指纹化给其客户的新颖方式（通常以智能卡的形式）。 主要的困难是确保广播机构提供的所有算法都能实现相同的解密功能，而且对于获得大量此类实现的盗版者而言，计算上难以计算，从而找到一个根本不同的实现，这些实现不可追溯到 一个特定的客户。

公开(公告)号：US5263085A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-16

申请号：US974751

申请日：1992-11-13

Applicant: Adi Shamir

Inventor： Adi Shamir

IPC: H04L9/32 ,  H04K1/00 ,  H04L9/00 ,  H04L9/02

CPC classification number: H04L9/302 ,  H04L9/3093 ,  H04L9/3247

Abstract: A new type of digital signature scheme whose security is based on the difficulty of solving systems of k polynomial equations in m unknowns modulo a composite n is proposed. The scheme uses a simple technique (called sequential linearization) for embedding trapdoors into such systems of equations.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种新型的数字签名方案，其安全性是基于以m未知数模拟复合n来求解k个多项式方程的系统的难点。 该方案使用简单的技术（称为顺序线性化）将陷阱嵌入到这种方程组中。

公开(公告)号：US4748668A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-31

申请号：US883247

申请日：1986-07-09

Applicant: Adi Shamir ,  Amos Fiat

Inventor： Adi Shamir ,  Amos Fiat

IPC: G06K17/00 ,  G06Q20/34 ,  G06Q20/40 ,  G07F7/10 ,  G09C1/00 ,  H04L9/32 ,  H04L9/00

CPC classification number: G07F7/1008 ,  G06Q20/341 ,  G06Q20/40975 ,  G07F7/1016 ,  H04L9/3073 ,  H04L9/3221 ,  H04L2209/56

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simple identification and signature which enable any user to prove his identity and the authenticity of his messages to any other user. The method and apparatus are provably secure against any known or chosen message attack if factoring is difficult, and require only 1% to 4% of the number of modular multiplications previously required. The simplicity, security and speed of the method and apparatus derive from microprocessor-based devices which may be incorporated into smart cards, personal computers, passports, and remote control systems.

Abstract translation: 一种用于简单识别和签名的方法和装置，其使任何用户能够向任何其他用户证明他的身份和他的消息的真实性。 如果因子分解困难，则该方法和装置可证明可以抵抗任何已知或选择的消息攻击，并且仅需要先前需要的模数乘法数量的1％至4％。 方法和装置的简单性，安全性和速度来自基于微处理器的设备，其可以并入智能卡，个人计算机，护照和远程控制系统中。

公开(公告)号：US09240293B2

公开(公告)日：2016-01-19

申请号：US13032291

申请日：2011-02-22

Applicant: Corey Salka ,  Adi Shamir

Inventor： Corey Salka ,  Adi Shamir

IPC: H01H9/16 ,  G01R31/327 ,  G01R31/04

CPC classification number: H01H9/167 ,  G01R31/04 ,  G01R31/327 ,  H01H2300/03 ,  Y02B90/224 ,  Y04S20/14

Abstract: A circuit tracer for use with circuit breakers equipped with sensors capable of sensing at least a change in the power consumption of the circuit and transmitting, preferably wirelessly, such information. The information is received directly or indirectly by a circuit tracer having a display, the display showing all the circuit breakers equipped with the sensors. Upon changing the load of an electricity outlet, such as a wall outlet, a light source, HVAC, pump, electrical machinery, etc., the sensor equipped circuit breaker provides an indication of such power or current consumption change to the circuit tracer. This allows the user of the circuit tracer to associate on the circuit tracer the circuit breaker with the specific electricity outlet. The association information may be saved on a central server or database for future use.

Abstract translation: 一种用于具有传感器的断路器的电路示踪器，所述传感器能够至少感测电路的功率消耗的变化并且优选地以无线方式传输这种信息。 该信息由具有显示器的电路示踪器直接或间接接收，显示器显示装备有传感器的所有断路器。 在改变诸如墙壁出口，光源，HVAC，泵，电机等的电力出口的负载时，传感器配备的断路器提供对电路示踪器的这种功率或电流消耗变化的指示。 这允许电路示踪器的用户在电路示踪器上将断路器与特定的电源插座相关联。 关联信息可以保存在中央服务器或数据库上以备将来使用。

公开(公告)号：US08365310B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-29

申请号：US12374745

申请日：2007-07-30

Applicant: Adi Shamir

Inventor： Adi Shamir

IPC: G06F1/26 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G08B13/00 ,  G08B21/00 ,  G08B29/00

CPC classification number: G06K19/07363 ,  H04L9/003 ,  H04L2209/12 ,  H04L2209/805

Abstract: Method and apparatus for protecting RFID tags against power attacks by embedding two capacitors in an RFID tag and coupling to the RFID power extraction and computational circuitry to be operated so that at any given time during normal operation of the RFID tag one of them is coupled to the power extraction circuitry of the RFID tag and is storing energy that is being generated by the charge pump of the tag by sucking energy from the electromagnetic or magnetic field of a tag reader, and the other one is uncoupled from the power extraction circuitry of the RFID tag and is discharging and powering the computational element of the tag chip.

Abstract translation: 通过在RFID标签中嵌入两个电容器并耦合到要被操作的RFID功率提取和计算电路来保护RFID标签免受电力攻击的方法和装置，使得在RFID标签的正常操作期间的任何给定时间，其中一个耦合到 RFID标签的功率提取电路，并且通过从标签读取器的电磁场或磁场吸取能量来存储正在由标签的电荷泵产生的能量，另一个是与标签读取器的功率提取电路分离的 RFID标签并且正在对标签芯片的计算元件进行放电和供电。

公开(公告)号：US08208939B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-26

申请号：US12025184

申请日：2008-02-04

Applicant: Daniel Aljadeff ,  Reuven Amsalem ,  Amir Lavi ,  Adi Shamir

Inventor： Daniel Aljadeff ,  Reuven Amsalem ,  Amir Lavi ,  Adi Shamir

IPC: H04W24/00

CPC classification number: G01S5/06 ,  G01S5/0257

Abstract: A wireless location system has at least one wireless tag to be located by the wireless location system, wherein the at least one wireless tag transmits two wireless signals having a known time relationship and having different bandwidths. A plurality of receivers is provided wherein a first receiver receives and processes a first of the two wireless signals and estimates a time to arrive (TOA) of the first wireless signal, and a second receiver receives and processes a second of the two wireless signals and estimates a TOA of the second wireless signal at the second transceiver. The plurality of receivers is time synchronized based on a common timing signal. A location server is coupled to each of the plurality of receivers. The location server receives the TOA of the first wireless signal from the first receiver and the TOA of the second wireless signal from the second receiver. The location server calculating a TDOA of the two wireless signals and estimates a position of the at least one wireless tag based on the TDOA.

Abstract translation: 无线定位系统具有由无线定位系统定位的至少一个无线标签，其中至少一个无线标签发送具有已知时间关系且具有不同带宽的两个无线信号。 提供了多个接收机，其中第一接收机接收并处理两个无线信号中的第一个并且估计第一无线信号的到达时间（TOA），并且第二接收机接收并处理两个无线信号中的第二个， 估计在第二收发器处的第二无线信号的TOA。 多个接收机基于公共定时信号进行时间同步。 位置服务器耦合到多个接收器中的每一个。 位置服务器从第一接收机接收第一无线信号的TOA和来自第二接收机的第二无线信号的TOA。 所述定位服务器计算所述两个无线信号的TDOA并且基于所述TDOA估计所述至少一个无线标签的位置。