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    Rotating birefringent ellipsometer and its application to photoelasticimetry
    1.
    发明授权
    Rotating birefringent ellipsometer and its application to photoelasticimetry 失效
    旋转双折射椭偏仪及其在光弹性测定中的应用

    公开(公告)号：US4176951A

    公开(公告)日：1979-12-04

    申请号：US835004

    申请日：1977-09-20

    申请人： Andre J. Robert ,  Claude G. Bourdon ,  Nessim C. Msika ,  Etienne G. Chorlay ,  Jean-Louis Euzenade

    发明人： Andre J. Robert ,  Claude G. Bourdon ,  Nessim C. Msika ,  Etienne G. Chorlay ,  Jean-Louis Euzenade

    IPC分类号： G01N21/21 ,  G01J4/04 ,  G01L1/24

    CPC分类号： G01N21/211

    摘要： An ellipsometer for measuring the polarization parameters .alpha. and .lambda. of an elliptically polarized light wave. The light wave passes successively through an orientable quarter-wave plate, a birefringent plate rotatable at a constant speed .omega. and a polarizer and then impinges upon a photodetector. Reference signals having angular frequencies of 2.omega. and 4.omega. are generated, one of these signals being employed to synchronously detect the signal at the output of the photodetector by adjusting the quarter-wave plate until the synchronously detected signal component is zero, the orientation of the quarter-wave plate then corresponding to the polarization parameter .alpha.. The parameter .lambda. is obtained by measuring the phase of the component at the output of the photodetector having an angular frequency of 4.omega..The invention applies in particular to photoelasticimetry.

    摘要翻译： 用于测量椭圆偏振光波的偏振参数α和λ的椭圆计。 光波依次通过可定向的四分之一波片，可以恒定速度ω和偏振器旋转的双折射板，然后撞击在光电检测器上。 产生具有2ω和4ω的角频率的参考信号，这些信号中的一个用于通过调整四分之一波片同步地检测在光电检测器的输出处的信号，直到同步检测的信号分量为零， 四分之一波片然后对应于极化参数α。 通过测量具有4ω的角频率的光电检测器的输出处的分量的相位来获得参数λ。 本发明特别适用于光弹性测定。

    Automatic two wavelength photoelasticimeter
    2.
    发明授权
    Automatic two wavelength photoelasticimeter 失效
    自动双波长光弹性计

    公开(公告)号：US4171908A

    公开(公告)日：1979-10-23

    申请号：US782342

    申请日：1977-03-29

    申请人： Andre J. Robert ,  Claude G. Bourdon ,  Nessim H. C. Msika

    发明人： Andre J. Robert ,  Claude G. Bourdon ,  Nessim H. C. Msika

    IPC分类号： G01L1/24 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01J4/00

    CPC分类号： G01L1/241

    摘要： An automatic two wavelength photoelasticimeter comprising, in succession, a light source for emitting light having at least two wavelengths, .lambda..sub.1 and .lambda..sub.2 ; a polarizer rotating at constant speed, an orientable quarter-wave plate of orientation .beta. with respect to a reference axis; a model to be analyzed exhibiting double-refraction and having a fast axis which forms an angle .theta. with respect to the reference axis and which provides a phase shift .phi. (which parameters .theta. and .phi. are to be measured) and three photodetectors 5, 6, and 7 preceded by analyzers 10, 11 and 12 respectively. The photodetectors 6 and 7 are preceded by filters 8 and 9 of wavelengths .lambda..sub.1 and .lambda..sub.2 respectively. The difference between the phases of the signals of the frequency 2.omega. at the outputs of the photodetectors 6 and 7 supplies the difference between the phase shifts contributed by the model from these two wavelengths, the quarter-wave plate being oriented along the bisectors of the axes of double refraction of the model at the point in question. The apparatus is applicable to photoelasticimetry on strongly photoelastic materials and materiasl under high stress.

    摘要翻译： 一种自动双波长光弹性计量器，其连续地包括用于发射具有至少两个波长λ1和λ2的光的光源; 以恒定速度旋转的偏振片，相对于参考轴线的取向β的可取向四分之一波片; 要分析的模型显示出双折射并具有相对于参考轴线形成角度θ并且提供相移phi（哪个参数θ和phi将被测量）的快轴，以及三个光电检测器5,6， 和7分别在分析仪10,11和12之前。 光电检测器6和7之前分别是波长λ1和λ2的滤波器8和9。 在光电检测器6和7的输出处的频率2ω的信号的相位之间的差异提供了来自这两个波长的由模型贡献的相移之间的差异，四分之一波片是沿着 在所讨论的点的模型的双折射的轴。 该装置适用于高应力下强光弹性材料和材料的光弹性测定。

    Telephone subscriber line voltage change detection
    5.
    发明授权
    Telephone subscriber line voltage change detection 失效
    电话用户线电压变化检测

    公开(公告)号：US5287404A

    公开(公告)日：1994-02-15

    申请号：US631255

    申请日：1990-12-20

    申请人： David A. Pepper ,  Robert J. Miller ,  Richard J. Malyszka ,  Andre J. Robert

    发明人： David A. Pepper ,  Robert J. Miller ,  Richard J. Malyszka ,  Andre J. Robert

    IPC分类号： H03K5/08 ,  H03K5/153 ,  H04M1/82 ,  H04M3/22 ,  H03K5/24

    CPC分类号： H03K5/08 ,  H03K5/153 ,  H04M1/82 ,  H04M3/2272

    摘要： Changes in a telephone subscriber line voltage are detected in a telephone set by supplying a voltage dependent upon the subscriber line voltage to a potential divider having first, second, and third tapping points, the second tapping point being between the first and third tapping points, and comparing the voltages at the first and third tapping points with a smoothed version of the voltage at the second tapping point to produce pulses at respective terminals when the line voltage is falling or rising. An algorithm is described for responding to the pulses to distinguish changes in hook state of another telephone connected to the same subscriber line from interfering signals. The arrangement facilitates remote release from hold and privacy indication functions for the telephone set.

    摘要翻译： 电话用户线路电压的变化通过将取决于用户线路电压的电压提供给具有第一，第二和第三分接点的电位分配器来检测电话用户线路电压，第二分接点位于第一和第三分接点之间， 并且在第一和第三分接点处的电压与第二分接点处的电压的平滑版本进行比较，以在线路电压下降或上升时在各个端子处产生脉冲。 描述了用于响应于脉冲以区分连接到同一用户线路的另一电话机的挂钩状态与干扰信号的变化的算法。 该装置有助于从电话机的保持和隐私指示功能的远程释放。

    Synthetic stereo conferencing over LAN/WAN
    6.
    发明授权
    Synthetic stereo conferencing over LAN/WAN 有权
    通过LAN / WAN进行综合立体声会议

    公开(公告)号：US06408327B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-06-18

    申请号：US09218135

    申请日：1998-12-22

    申请人： R. Scott McClennon ,  Andre J. Robert

    发明人： R. Scott McClennon ,  Andre J. Robert

    IPC分类号： G06F1516

    CPC分类号： H04S1/00 ,  H04L12/1813 ,  H04M3/56 ,  H04M3/568 ,  H04M7/006

    摘要： A method of and system for facilitating synthetic stereo audio conferencing of a plurality of users over a local or wide area network (LAN/WAN). The disclosure describes a system architecture using a LAN/WAN to support synthetic audio conferencing thus allowing, at a receiving user location, for the spatially distinct virtual “placement” of the other parties involved in a conference call. This enables the user to differentiate between the various other parties and to discern which one or more of the parties are talking at any given time. In a first embodiment of the invention, both stereo synthesis and conferencing are client-based functions. In a second embodiment of the invention, both stereo synthesis and conferencing are server-based functions. In a third embodiment of the invention, stereo synthesis is a server-based function and conferencing is a hybrid client/server function using multicast.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于促进通过本地或广域网（LAN / WAN）的多个用户的合成立体声音频会议的方法和系统。 本公开描述了使用LAN / WAN来支持合成音频会议的系统架构，从而在接收用户位置处允许在电话会议中涉及的其他方的空间上不同的虚拟“放置”。 这使得用户能够区分各方，并在任何给定的时间辨别哪一方或多方当事人正在交谈。 在本发明的第一实施例中，立体声合成和会议都是基于客户端的功能。 在本发明的第二实施例中，立体声合成和会议都是基于服务器的功能。 在本发明的第三实施例中，立体声合成是基于服务器的功能，会议是使用多播的混合客户端/服务器功能。

    Conferencing over LAN/WAN using a hybrid client/server configuration
    7.
    发明授权
    Conferencing over LAN/WAN using a hybrid client/server configuration 有权
    使用混合客户端/服务器配置通过LAN / WAN进行会议

    公开(公告)号：US06327276B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-12-04

    申请号：US09218142

    申请日：1998-12-22

    申请人： Andre J. Robert ,  R. Scott McClennon

    发明人： Andre J. Robert ,  R. Scott McClennon

    IPC分类号： H04L1216

    CPC分类号： H04L65/4038 ,  H04J3/0632 ,  H04J3/1694 ,  H04L12/1813 ,  H04L29/06027 ,  H04M3/56 ,  H04M7/006 ,  H04M7/1205

    摘要： A method of and system for conferencing a plurality of clients over a local or wide area network using multicasting where the conferencing function is distributed between a server and the clients. The invention takes advantage of certain capabilities of existing client equipment and multicasting capabilities of the server to distribute the conference function between the server and the clients in a conference call over a LAN/WAN in a way that reduces network congestion and protocol complexity. The system of the present invention for providing conferencing over a local or wide area network, includes: a plurality of clients connected to the network for transmitting signals to and receiving signals from the network; and a server connected to the network for receiving a plurality of signals transmitted from the plurality of clients, mixing the received signals to create a single multicast signal, and transmitting the multicast signal to each of the clients. Each of the plurality of received signals is made up of data packets of a defined length. The server includes: a jitter buffer for synchronizing the data packets received from the plurality of clients; an adjustable gain/loss controller for applying adjustable gain/loss to the synchronized data packets—according to speech activity and average level at each client signal; a mixer for mixing the data packets of the plurality of signals to create the single multicast signal for transmission to each of the clients. An individual client receiving the multicast signal transmitted from the server includes an echo controller for estimating and removing, from the multicast signal, a signal component corresponding to a signal transmitted from that client.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用组播在本地或广域网上会议多个客户端的方法和系统，其中会议功能分布在服务器和客户端之间。 本发明利用现有客户端设备的某些能力和服务器的组播能力，以减少网络拥塞和协议复杂度的方式通过LAN / WAN在电话会议中在服务器和客户端之间分配会议功能。 本发明的用于在局域网或广域网上提供会议的系统包括：连接到网络的多个客户端，用于向网络发送信号并从网络接收信号; 以及连接到网络的服务器，用于接收从多个客户端发送的多个信号，混合接收到的信号以创建单个多播信号，并将多播信号发送到每个客户端。 多个接收信号中的每一个由具有限定长度的数据分组组成。 服务器包括：抖动缓冲器，用于同步从多个客户端接收的数据分组; 根据每个客户端信号的语音活动和平均电平，可调节的增益/丢失控制器用于对同步的数据分组施加可调节的增益/损失; 混合器，用于混合多个信号的数据分组，以创建单个多播信号，以便传输给每个客户端。 接收从服务器发送的组播信号的个体客户机包括：回声控制器，用于从多播信号中估计和去除与从该客户端发送的信号对应的信号分量。

    Echo controller with compensation for variable delay networks
    8.
    发明授权
    Echo controller with compensation for variable delay networks 有权
    具有可变延迟网络补偿的回波控制器

    公开(公告)号：US06324170B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-11-27

    申请号：US09150698

    申请日：1998-09-10

    申请人： R. Scott McClennon ,  Andre J. Robert

    发明人： R. Scott McClennon ,  Andre J. Robert

    IPC分类号： H04B320

    CPC分类号： H04M3/002 ,  H04B3/23 ,  H04J3/0682 ,  H04M7/1275

    摘要： The present invention provides a method of and system for controlling and effectively reducing the echo introduced in telephone connections over variable delay networks such as LAN/WAN networks. The invention includes estimation of the round-trip user-to-user delay in the telephone connection. This estimation can be made in a number of different ways, including using timestamps in existing data packets according to a Real-Time Protocol (RTP) or a Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) and by sending timestamps in data packets according to an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The invention further includes determination of an echo control target for the telephone connection based upon the estimated user-to-user delay. This target represents the total amount of echo control required to limit the probability of objectionable echo to less than a predetermined threshold. The amount of echo control required increases as the length of the estimated user-to-user delay increases. The invention further includes determination of the minimum amount of signal-dependent loss required to supplement the acoustic echo cancellation in order to reach the determined echo control target. Then, in the invention, the determined amount of signal-dependent loss is applied to the telephone connection to effectively reduce echo based upon the estimated user-to-user delay.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于控制和有效地减少通过诸如LAN / WAN网络的可变延迟网络引入的电话连接中的回波的方法和系统。 本发明包括对电话连接中往返用户到用户延迟的估计。 可以以多种不同的方式进行该估计，包括根据实时协议（RTP）或实时控制协议（RTCP）在现有数据分组中使用时间戳，并且根据因特网在数据分组中发送时间戳 控制消息协议（ICMP）。 本发明还包括基于估计的用户到用户延迟来确定用于电话连接的回波控制目标。 该目标表示将令人不快的回波的概率限制在小于预定阈值所需的回波控制的总量。 随着估计的用户到用户延迟的长度增加，所需的回声控制量增加。 本发明还包括为了达到所确定的回波控制目标而确定补充声学回声消除所需的信号相关损耗的最小量。 然后，在本发明中，将所确定的信号相关损失量应用于电话连接，以根据所估计的用户到用户延迟来有效地减少回波。

    Dynamic photoelasticimeter with rotating birefringent element
    10.
    发明授权
    Dynamic photoelasticimeter with rotating birefringent element 失效
    具有旋转双折射元件的动态光弹性计

    公开(公告)号：US4179217A

    公开(公告)日：1979-12-18

    申请号：US877758

    申请日：1978-02-14

    申请人： Andre J. Robert ,  Jean C. Filippini ,  Michel Ferre

    发明人： Andre J. Robert ,  Jean C. Filippini ,  Michel Ferre

    IPC分类号： G01L1/24 ,  G01N21/23 ,  G01J4/04

    CPC分类号： G01L1/241 ,  G01N21/23

    摘要： This invention relates to a dynamic photoelasticimeter with a rotating birefringent element. It comprises a laser, a birefringent plate rotatable at a constant speed, a model to be studied, a circular analyzer and a photodetector supplying signals at its output having frequency components of 2.omega. and 4.omega.. The ratio of the amplitudes of these signals supplies an indication of the phase shift .phi. (t) contributed by the model, and the phase of the signal of the frequency 4.omega. contributes information as to the orientation .theta. of the axes of the model at the point in question.The present invention provides a particularly simple and accurate dynamic photoelasticimeter.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有旋转双折射元件的动态光弹性计。 它包括激光器，以恒定速度旋转的双折射板，待研究的模型，圆形分析器和在其输出处提供具有2ω和4ω的频率分量的信号的光电检测器。 这些信号的幅度比率提供了由模型贡献的相移phi（t）的指示，并且频率4ω的信号的相位贡献关于在模型的轴的方向θ的信息 有问题。 本发明提供了一种特别简单且精确的动态光弹性计。