Abstract:
A method for heating a blast furnace stove includes combusting fuel in a combustion chamber in the stove, providing combustion gases from the combustion chamber to heat refractory material in the stove, recirculating exhausted combustion gases into the combustion chamber, enriching the combustion chamber with oxygen sufficient for maintaining combustion in the combustion chamber without damaging the refractory material in the stove.
Abstract:
Magnesium is produced by carbothermic conversion of magnesia in a process which comprises effecting the reaction in the presence of a liquid slag comprising oxides or mixed oxides and carbides of magnesium, calcium and aluminium in relative weight proportions, calculated as atomic metal:metal ratios, which by continued introduction of appropriate feedstock into the reactor are being kept within the following ranges(i) Mg:Ca from 0.28:1 to 1.34:1(ii) Al:Mg from 0.79:1 to 3.16:1(iii) Ca:Al from 0.48:1 to 1.50:1under the proviso that the total amount gramatom aluminium is less than 51% of the total amount gramatoms aluminium, calcium and magnesium contained in the slag.
Abstract:
The invention provides compositions and methods for delivery of nucleic acids to the liver ex vivo. The method includes slow, low pressure infusion of the nucleic acid into the liver to efficiently transduce cells with minimal cell damage.
Abstract:
An apparatus for heating a blast furnace stove having a combustion region and a combustion gas outlet associated with the combustion region includes a source of lower calorific value fuel; a first pipeline for supplying the lower calorific value fuel to the combustion region; a source of air; a second pipeline for supplying the air to the combustion region; a source of oxidant comprising at least 85% by volume of oxygen; a third pipeline to supply the oxidant to the combustion region; a fourth pipeline communicating with the combustion gas outlet for conducting combustion gas away from the stove; and a fifth pipeline operable to recirculate combustion gas to the combustion region. The apparatus may operate in different modes according to which of the pipelines are placed in communication with the combustion region.
Abstract:
Magnesium is produced by the metallothermic reduction of MgO in a molten slag bath comprised of MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CaO together with oxide formed from the reducing metal. The composition of the slag is controlled during at least a first stage of the reduction so that it is wholly within the periclased region of its phase diagram and at least in the surface region, has a substantially constant liquidus temperature. The surface region of the slag is maintained by direct heating (e.g. by a plasma) at or close to the liquidus temperature.
Abstract:
A method for heating a blast furnace stove includes combusting fuel in a combustion chamber in the stove, providing combustion gases from the combustion chamber to heat refractory material in the stove, recirculating exhausted combustion gases into the combustion chamber, enriching the combustion chamber with oxygen sufficient for maintaining combustion in the combustion chamber without damaging the refractory material in the stove.
Abstract:
A method of refining molten metal in a vessel by the reaction of oxygen with impurities in the molten metal comprises the steps of: a) ejecting at least one primary jet of oxygen from a lance positioned above the molten metal into the molten metal to react with impurities therein and to form a layer of molten slag; b) continuing to eject the primary jet of oxygen from the lance and thereby causing the primary bet of oxygen to pass through the slag layer into the molten metal; c) ejecting a plurality of secondary jets of oxygen from the lance, the secondary jet of oxygen travelling for a distance separately from the primary jet of oxygen; and d) entraining the secondary jets of oxygen into the primary jet of oxygen upstream of the entry of the primary jet of oxygen into the molten metal. A lance head for use in the method has at least one primary oxygen port and a plurality of secondary oxygen ports, the axis of the second oxygen port diverging in the direction of flow from the primary oxygen port at an angle of up to 45°. The method and lance head are particularly of use in the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) process. If desired, a stirring gas such as argon may be mixed with the primary oxygen.