摘要:
A multi-stage switching-field formed with switching matrices containing thyristors for stored program controlled switching devices, established by reversal at the last stage, without the use of transformers or other reactive elements therein (e.g. capacitance), in the last stage a holding circuit remains invariable upon switching on, furthermore allocating and switching circuits are ordered to the coupling paths instead of the stages. Circuit arrangements of the switching-field provide the possibility for attenuation control too, and do not require voltages of opposite polarity, while at the same time provide an interface requiring uniform, short operations towards the stored program control device. The switching matrices are switched on at minimal power-level, thus the switching of each further coupling path or connection does not increase the noise level of the already existing connections. The switching-field provides effective protection against unwarranted disconnections caused by noise arriving from the lines, and ensures through impedance matching to attain the optimal ratios of the insertion loss, dynamic range of the connections, and cross-talk attenuation between the different connections. The circuits developed for the switching-field according to the invention are suitable also for production with hydrid or monolithic technology.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to the preparation of benzimidazole derivatives of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein A=stands for S, SO or SO.sub.2,R.sup.1 =stands for C.sub.1-4 alkyl group,R.sup.2 =stands for C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6-10 aryl or aralkyl,comprising reacting a sulphochloride of the formula (II) ##STR2## with an alkyl aluminum compound of the formula (III).R.sub.n.sup.2 AlClhd (3-n) (III)The reaction is performed in one step.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I), wherein R stands for a straight chained C.sub.1-5 alkyl group substituted by a chlorine atom in the 2-position, and acid addition salts thereof, characterized by reacting a 3,5-dichloro-2-alkanone of general formula (V), wherein R is a defined above, with an inorganic thiocyamate, and a) converting the 3-thiocyanato-5-chloro-2-alkanone of general formula (IV), thus obtained, wherein R is as defined above, into 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-(2-chloroalkyl)-thiazole of general formula (II), wherein R is as defined above, by gaseous hydrochloric acid in an organic solvent, hydrogenating the said compound in the presence of a metal catalyst in an organic solvent, or b) reacting said compound of general formula (IV) with an aqueous mineral acid and treating the 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-(2-chloroalkyl)-thiazole of general formula (III), thus obtained with a halogenating agent, and hydrogenating the 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-(2-chloroalkyl)-thiazole of general formula (II) thus obtained, wherein R is as defined above, in an organic solvent in presence of a metal catalyst, and optionally converting the 4-methyl-5-(2-chloroalkyl)-thiazole of general formula (I), wherein R is as defined above, thus obtained or a hydrochloride salt thereof, in a manner known per into another acid addition salt or setting free a compound of general formula (I), wherein R is a defined above, from its acid addition salt.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, and their salts, wherein the compound of formula (II): ##STR2## is reacted with a compound of formula (III): ##STR3## wherein R represents an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.1 is the same as defined above, by heating their neutral pH mixtures at the boiling temperature of the mixture, and the resulting compound of general formula (IV): ##STR4## wherein R and R.sup.1 are the same as defined above, is cyclized into the compound of general formula (I) by further elevating the temperature of the neutral mixture, and if desired, the compounds of general formula (I) are transformed into their salts, or the compounds of general formula (I) are liberated from their salts.
摘要:
A process is described for the preparation of 4-Methyl-5-(2-Chloroalkyl)-thiazole wherein the alkyl ranges from C.sub.2 -C.sub.5, by providing the steps of either a) converting the 3-thiocyanato-5-chloro-2-alkanone into 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-(2-chloroalkyl)-thiazole by gaseous hydrochloric acid in an organic solvent and hydrogenating the compound in the presence of a metal catalyst in an organic solvent, or b) reacting 3-thiocyanato-5-choro-2-alkanone with aqueous mineral acid and treating the thiazole obtained with a halogenating agent, and hydrogenating the 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-(2-chloroalkyl)-thiazole in an organic solvent in presence of a metal catalyst.