Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for purifying a crude nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing, halogen-containing pyrolysis oil originating from the pyrolysis of plastic waste, comprising (i) subjecting the crude pyrolysis oil to a treatment with a trapping agent selected from (a) an elemental metal of group 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the IUPAC periodic table, a mixture or an alloy thereof; (b) an oxide of metals of group 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or a mixture thereof; (c) an alkoxide of metals of group 1, 2 of the IUPAC periodic table or a mixture thereof; (d) a solid sorption agent as defined in the claims; or a combination of at least two trapping agents (a), (b), (c) or (d); (ii) separating the product obtained into a purified pyrolysis oil fraction having a reduced nitrogen, sulfur and halogen content in relation to the crude pyrolysis oil and a fraction comprising the trapping agent which has bound at least a part of the sulfur, nitrogen, halogen present in the crude pyrolysis oil
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethylene oxide to 2-aminoethanol and/or ethane-1,2-diamme and/or linear polyethylenimines of the formula H2N—(CH2CH2NH)n—CH2CH2—NH2 wherein n≥1 comprising (i) providing a catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising YO2 and X2O3, wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element; (ii) providing a gas stream comprising ethylene oxide and ammonia; (iii) contacting the catalyst provided in (i) with the gas stream provided in (ii) for converting ethylene oxide to 2-aminoethanol and/or ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for continuous hydrogenation of a nitro compound to the corresponding amine in a liquid reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound in the presence of a supported catalyst which comprises as the active component at least one element from groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements, wherein the hydrogenation is performed in the presence of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of the salts of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and of the rare earth metals and to a supported catalyst for continuous hydrogenation of a nitro compound to the corresponding amine in a liquid reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound which comprises as the active component at least one element from groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements and one salt of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or of the rare earth metals.
Abstract:
A process for improving the quality of a crude pyrolysis oil originating from a pyrolysis of plastic waste is provided, the process comprising providing a crude pyrolysis oil originating from the pyrolysis of plastic waste, adjusting the pH value of the crude pyrolysis oil, resulting in a pretreated crude pyrolysis oil, performing a solid-liquid-separation of solid components and liquid components of the pretreated crude pyrolysis oil and/or subjecting the pretreated crude pyrolysis oil to a liquid-liquid-separation.
Abstract:
A process for preparing acrylic acid, comprising (i) providing a stream S4 comprising a formaldehyde source and acetic acid; (ii) contacting stream S4 with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising aluminum in the framework structure to obtain a stream S6 comprising acrylic acid, the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii) comprising YO2 and Al2O3, and Y being a tetravalent element; where the total content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal in the zeolitic material in (ii), calculated as alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide, is from 0% to 0.1% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the zeolitic material, and where the aldol condensation catalyst in (ii) comprises, outside the framework structure of the zeolitic material present therein, from 0% to 1% by weight of vanadium, based on vanadium as vanadium(V) oxide.
Abstract translation:一种制备丙烯酸的方法,包括(i)提供包含甲醛源和乙酸的料流S4; (ii)使流体S4与包含框架结构中包含铝的沸石材料的醛醇缩合催化剂接触以获得包含丙烯酸的流S6,(ii)中的沸石材料的框架结构包含YO 2和Al 2 O 3,Y是 四价元素 其中(ii)中的沸石材料中的碱金属和碱土金属的总含量以碱金属氧化物和碱土金属氧化物计算为0〜0.1重量%,基于每种情况下的总重量 沸石材料,并且其中(ii)中的醛醇缩合催化剂在其中存在的沸石材料的骨架结构外包含以钒为氧化钒(V)的钒为0至1重量%的钒。
Abstract:
The present invention provides a catalyst effective in the oxidative conversion of ethylene to ethylene oxide, comprising an alumina support and 20 to 45%by weight of the catalyst, of silver applied to the support, the catalyst meeting the following limitations (i) to (v): (i) an amount of cesium c(Cs) in mmol per Kg of catalyst of at least 2; (ii) an amount of rhenium c(Re) in mmol per Kg of catalyst of at least 3.0; (iii) an amount of tungsten c(W) in mmol per Kg of catalyst of at least 1.6; (iv) a silicon to alkaline earth metal molar ratio x of not higher than 1.80; (v) c(Cs)−c(Re)−c(W)≤4·x−0.5.
Abstract:
Process for hydrogenating toluenediamine (TDA) tar containing TDA and high boilers relative to TDA, including the step of contacting the toluenediamine tar with a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ru, Pd, Pt on at least one catalyst support selected from the group consisting of carbon, TiO2 and ZrO2, and with hydrogen under hydrogenating conditions.
Abstract:
An oxidic composition comprising vanadium, tungsten, phosphorus, oxygen and optionally tin, where the molar ratio of phosphorus to the sum total of vanadium, tungsten and any tin in the oxidic composition is in the range from 1.4:1 to 2.4:1.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid comprising (i) providing a stream comprising a formaldehyde source and acetic acid and (ii) contacting this stream with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising a zeolitic material, wherein the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii) includes Si and O, and has a molar Al:Si ratio of 0:1 to 0.001:1, and wherein the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii), in addition to Si and any Al, comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tetravalent elements Y other than Si and trivalent elements X other than Al.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for purifying a pyrolysis oil comprising providing a stream S0 comprising a pyrolysis oil, the pyrolysis oil comprising one or more halogenated organic compounds and one or more organic compounds comprising conjugated double bonds; subjecting the stream S0 to hydrogenation in at least one reaction zone Z1 containing a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, obtaining a stream S1 being depleted, compared to S0, in the one or more organic compounds comprising conjugated double bonds; subjecting the stream S1 to dehalogenation in at least one dehalogenation zone Z2 down-stream of Z1, obtaining a stream S2 being depleted, compared to S1, in the one or more halogenated organic compounds.